Dzhon Lo: Biography uye pikicha

Dzhon Lo - shotlansky financier, muprofita, mushingi, kudanana rwezvemabhengi, chikwereti sherekete mitengo baba - nokuti akati nezvevanhu vari XVIII remakore. Pakutanga, murume akatendeuka France kupinda rimwe nokubudirira zvikuru munyika muEurope, uye ipapo boka nayo muurombo. The Biography of financier wokutanga akabuda muupenyu hwake uye mumitauro yakawanda. The French akamudana Jean Lass. Mune dzimwe nyika, zvazikamwa sezvo Dzhon Lo. Nyaya ino kunzi mune pfupi Biography pamusoro financier.

youth

Dzhon Lo Of Lauriston akaberekwa Edinburgh (Scotland) muna 1671. baba vomukomana aiva mutengesi uye moneylender. Muna 1683, musoro wemhuri akatenga duku yavatezvara Lauriston, kuti zvakanga akaisa zita kwamachinda. In hwake, John chaizvo anoyevedza, uye nokuenda nenzira yakanakisisa mudzimba Edinburgh. Saka, remangwana financier nokukurumidza "Inoziva marudzi ose ezvakaipa." Nokukurumidza, jaya raiva kufinhikana uye makore makumi maviri akaenda kukunda guru England.

Fungidziro uye duel

In London Dzhon Lo pakarepo yakatanga dutu basa. Kugona kuwana mari iye nhaka kubva baba vake. John akatanga Nokufungidzira mumigove, kwezvishongo uye mifananidzo. Uyezve, iye tega kadhi mutambo hurongwa. It vakauya Luo mari hwakasimba. John vakave nokubudirira kukuru vakadzi uye vaine selectivity norudo munyaya. Ake pezvaitika inotevera dzakaguma muna 1694 duel. Luo akauraya aikwikwidza ake uye akasungwa. Paitongwa, ramangwana financier vakatongerwa rufu. Asi John wapukunyuka mujeri uye akaenda Amsterdam. Kazhinji, gamba ino kwakanga rombo chaizvo.

Change basa

Patakasvika muguta idzva, Dzhon Lo kunyatsotevera mubasa mukudzidza upfumi dzidziso. Nezvenyaya iyi, jaya kuverenga chaizvo simba mapepa. Nokukurumidza, akabudisa bhuku rake. Ikoko financier kuudzwa huru chikonzero zvoupfumi kurega kunotanga. Maererano Tarirai, kwaiva kushaya mari. Kugadzirisa nyaya iyi, John aida kuti ape Banknotes uye kuti vavape nendarama. Yakaisvonaka zvose, kuti ape mabhiri kubata hofisi paruzhinji. Ichi pfungwa financier aida kushandisa nyika dzokuEurope vanenge zvose. Asi kuziva zvakanga chete muna chete mamiriro.

Implementation pfungwa

Muna 1715, pashure pokufa mambo wacho coffers France zvachose chinhu. Kuvshinov Orleansky (regent kuti muzukuru chibvi Louis XIV) aiva nehana pashure dzemaitirwe wehurumende chikwereti. Zvakazozivikanwa kuti nhamba iyi yakasvika mabhiriyoni 3 Livres. A mutero gore negore uye mitero akaita mamiriyoni 250 chete. Kunyange zvazvo, maererano mushumo Mukuru Epachivande, mari yakanga katatu yakakwirira. mamiriyoni 500 chete kupinda muhomwe bureaucrats siyana.

Maererano regent, mune mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma kudaro kunogona chete kubatsira hurongwa Dzhona Lo. Nechekare pakati 1716 gamba ino chakavhura mubhengi (kunyange asina kuruzhinji, Nokutendeka) pamwe kodzero kuti ape pepa mari. Panguva sangano pachena vakatsinhanisa nemari akagadzirwa anokosha nesimbi iri musi chaiko chezita goho, uyewo kupinza mitero uye mabasa. Kureva Banknotes John akatonyanya hwakasimba kupfuura sirivha nendarama mari.

Mumazuva iwayo kwaiva isati yamboitwa ushingi. Kuti vave nechokwadi mabhiri zvose zvinoberekwa Lo muFrance chete vasina runodiwa chitsama chesirivha nendarama. Zvisinei, 12 months pashure kutanga nyaya Banknotes muFrance vakatambura dzisangopfuma. Akatanga kuvaka indasitiri yakatanga, akararamazve zvokutengeserana uye rakapa zvikwereti yakaderera-mhindu.

Another kambani

Asi mubhengi haasi chete pfungwa Scot. Mukutanga 1717 Dzhon Lo akasika "Company of Indies." Capital iri boka Luo aida mari iri kukura Mississippi River bheseni. The French akautumidza Louisiana vachikudza King Louis XIV. Munhoroondo chiitiko ichi wakaburukira sezvo Mississippi Company.

Mukupera Muzhizha 1717, John vakazivisa pamusoro placement kuti 200 zviuru. Anotiudza. Mamiriro ezvinhu akanga chaizvo zvakanaka: panguva aizviti ukoshi 500 Livres mapepa kutengeswa 250 chete aine inosimbiswa udzikinure navo mukati memwedzi kwokutanga mutengo matanhatu. Anogoverana makambani akatenga kumusoro pakarepo. Mwedzi mitanhatu gare gare, avo musika anokosha kupfuura yavose sezvavakatarirwa nguva zhinji. Kutenga ose kuchengetedzeka, John muhomwe wemuno. Nokukurumidza boka Luo akapa anotambura wezvokutengeserana "vose Indies." Izvi chete zvakawedzera musika kukosha kuchengetedzeka uye yakawedzera kudiwa pavo.

Wokutanga Stock Exchange

Nyaya 50 zviuru migove -. Zvino, chii Dzhon Lo vakazivisa nokukurumidza. Mushure nzira yacho rakaiswa kokupedzisira iyo financier yakasarudza awedzere. Zvinoda katanhatu oversubscribed, sezvo ari kutenga kuchengetedzeka vakagamuchira Applications 300 zviuru.. Graphs, awnings, madzishe, NaAmai Pauline Kabanzi uye viscounts pelleted financier imba, achida kuva chikamu upfumi "pakati Indies." Nokuda kwaizvozvo, Munyori Scot akaita vakaunganidza mhanza hombe, zvatinogamuchira kubva kwavari chiokomuhomwe.

Nomuzvarirwo akazviratidza dzisiri kuchengetedzeka pamusika. Kutaura zvazviri, akatanga Stock Exchange. John Kuona chimwezve tsime mari, akaronga pedyo neimba yake setende. Vakatanga kutengesa migove Luo vanhu basa, iyo yava kunzi "nevaichinja".

kuchengetedzeka Gengi rakakura exponentially. Muchikamu ichi chaiva nokuti kuti purezidhendi aiva nhengo Duke pakati Orleans, chekambani bhodhi. Zvinakire French vachikura pamwe kuwedzera mugove mutengo. Zvechokwadi, mune ichi zvakanaka kwakaita pachake Dzhon Lo. financier Pyramid zvasvika ayo kunonyanyisa pfungwa kukura. Asi Scot kumbofunga nezvazvo uye "muviri" iri mari. Iye kunyange Akatenga pachake vaviri Estates zvinodhura. Asi, Johani musoro Duke uye aiva gurukota rezvemari (chaizvoizvo, wechipiri murume munyika). Asi zvakanaka zvose nokusingaperi anouya kupera.

Kushaya mari

Zvarakafuridzirwa "Mississippi Company" John havaratidzi aidzora kurapa kubhengi. Uye nyaya yake yose yakanga iri zvikwereti vakanga paakapiwa iri kutenga migove kambani. Uyewo "Company of Indies" kugara isa nyaya itsva kuchengetedzeka nokutenga hurumende zvisungo pamusoro mari. Saka, kambani razova anongoda bedzi mukweretesi kweFrance. Asi regent zvose kurongwa, uye akabvunza kusunungurwa yakawanda bepa mari.

Kunyange vakawanda "India Company" haana zvaiva zvizhinji. Kugadzirwa nzvimbo Louisiana kure akanaka kunonoka. Pamahombekombe ari Mississippi chaizvoizvo akavaka guta kupa nzendo uye ngarava aitumirwa kugara. Asi chinokosha zvazvinoita haana chaichengetwa basa iri. Vashoma kuziva mamiriro chaiwo. Nokuda unopfuurira kuperevedza vanotama regent akaraira (by muchivande kuitira) kutumira kuUnited States pasi perekedza pfambi, mbavha uye Vagabonds. Asi pfungwa kushambadza Mushandirapamwe akafuridzira French kuti vapinde zvengarava munyika ane zvikepe pamu akamendwa zvinonhuhwira, sirivha uye dzimwe dzimwe zvinhu.

tsaona

Chokutanga bhero raiva vasvike Prince of Conti Bank. Naye Akatora cartload kuti bhangi manotsi uye aida kuchinjana kwavari nemari. John pakarepo vakatendeukira kuna Regent uye hama akanyengetedza kubata pepa mari. Kunyange zvakadaro uye akagamuchira yakawanda mbirikira, asi panenge hapana vakamutumidza kukosha, sezvo Conti haana yakakurumbira pakati yevagari. Asi zvikuru akangwara uye akangwarira vanhu vakatanga kuchinjana Banknotes kuti sirivha nendarama. Izvi pasinei simba yakanga panguva Dzhon Lo. Ponzi zano rakanga nokukurumidza hupere, sezvo nhamba exchanges chete ikakura roga zuva.

Tiny kuchengeterwa zvinokosha nesimbi akayerera pamberi mubhangi. Pakutanga 1720 Lo akazivisa kuti kupinza kupanana manotsi. Uyewo ari mari pepa airambidzwa kuwana matombo anokosha uye zvishongo. Muna May, manotsi devalued kaviri, uye ipapo kudzokera nemari yave wakagumiswa chose.

A vanhu ruvengo

The French pakarepo asingade Lo. Sezvo boka vokuParis akabvunza John kuchinjana Banknotes goridhe. Sezvo akaramba, vagari akagumbuka akapotsa dzikaidya mushingi. Panyaya iyi, Luo akatamira Palais Royal, kurarama pasi zvakananga kudzivirirwa Duke. Nokukurumidza financier kubviswa paruzhinji hofisi. Kutarisira France akadzokera Dagasso chanzera, aimbovenga acharega nokuda kuchinja John nemishonga. chirevo chake chokutanga munzvimbo yake itsva yaiva resumption ari exchange. On June 10, 1720 ose French akaenda Royal Bank. Pashure wekurukurirano sirivha nendarama, pakutanga haana kukwana, uye kosi vakaenda mari yemhangura. Poor vanhu vaifara uye kuti. Panopera zuva, kubhengi chido kwakamuka. July 9 nemasoja anochengetedza chivako akatura grille, vazhinji vasingagoni achapwanya chivakwa. Vanhu vakatanga kukanda matombo. Zvadaro, masoja akabva anokanda pfuti dzavo. Somugumisiro rufu chete wokuFrance. Mazuva mashoma gare gare vazhinji tsikwa vanhu 15 ...

Muna August 1720 Royal Bank akataura kusauka. Mwedzi mitatu gare gare, vose ake manotsi akadzima.

Kana ari Indian kambani haina kuenda nani. unganidza mitengo akasuruvara. Paramende akaisa mberi kwokudiwa kuti Dzhon Tarirai, sezvo murongi chepiramidhi mari wokutanga, anofanira kupfeka kutongwa uye vakaurayiwa. Asi panzvimbo gamba ino iri Bastille akaenda mukoma wake - William. yokupedzisira isina nekusimba mhosva, uye financier hama akasunungurwa.

Kutamira kweBrussels

Asi iye Dzhon Lo akasiya France pakupera 1720. Scot nemwanakomana wake vakaenda kweBrussels, achisiya mudzimai wake uye mwanasikana. Muguta itsva, John ararama achizvininipisa. Ake chete mari yaiva mudyandigere vaibhadhara Duke pamusoro Orleans (France nechisimba ose pfuma Lo).

chisingatombotarisirwi pa

Muna 1721, kuti financier yaiva Venice. Ikoko akanga akashanyira Savoyard wamambo uyo akatanga Russian hurumende mumiririri. Akatambidza John tsamba kubva rimwe zano Petro. In shoko kuna Luo akakokwa yokuRussia basa, uye akavimbiswa mberi zvakanaka. Asi ipapo zvose tariro vaJohwani vakati nechokuita dare Chirungu, apo Russia aiitirwa utsinye chaizvo. Naizvozvo Scot asarudza arege kuzviisa pangozi uye evaded. Zvino vakakurumidza kusiya Venice.

mumakore achangodarika

Lo mishomanana pashure achinyora kumeso pachavo vane tariro yokuti Regent aizomudana kudzokera kuFrance kubatsirwa kuti tikunde dambudziko. Asi muna 1723 ari Duke pamusoro Orleans akafa, uye financier akaona kuti havaizokwanisa kudzoka.

Dzhon Lo, ane Biography kwave kukurukurwa apa, akafira Venice kubva nemabayo muna 1729. Asati afa, Scot akanyora bhuku "The History of Finance nguva regency." Asi chiedza, akaona vaviri chete emakore gare gare.