Antokolsky muvezi Mark Matveevich: Biography, mhuri, basa

Nyaya ino nezvazvo nomuvezi ANTOKOLSKY. Uyu ndiye inozivikanwa zvinoshamisa zvaakasika, dzakanga aidiwa nevakawanda. Sezvo Mark Matveevich akararama, chii hwake? Mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi dzinogona kuwanika munyaya.

udiki

Mark Matveevich Antokolsky akaberekwa muna 1840, November 2nd. Unonzi varume anodzokera zita weChicago Vilnius Antakalnis, kwaigara mhuri yose. Mark ane 8 hama nehanzvadzi. Vakazvarwa zvose mumhuri yechiJudha. Amai uye baba ararama nokuzvininipisa, sezvo vanhu vari nani varombo. Panguva iyoyo ngwariro rwakabhadharwa kuna chitendero. Zvisinei, iye haasi kufarira muduku Mark, uyo kubva vachiri vaduku vainzwa kufarira mufanidzo. Sezvo mukomana akavhomora zvaaida uye apo aida, vabereki vakaita ake chido pakutanga zvachero uye ipapo kunaka. Asi chikonzero haana chete kuti - havana kuda kuona vana vake mifananidzo. Kunyange zvakadaro, nokufamba kwenguva, uye mwoyo vabereki kuzochinja sezvo Vakarindawo zvinoitwa mwana wake. Apo Mark akakura uye zvakajeka tarenda kudhirowa, akatumirwa kudzidza kudanda carvers. The mukomana akakurumidza vakadzidziswa uye nokukurumidza kunyange kupfuura mudzidzisi wake. Kwapera nguva, unyanzvi yuntse kare anozivikanwa nevakawanda.

Future muvezi aifarira Antokolsky mudzimai Wilna General V. Nazimova, uyo akabatsira jaya matarenda. Zviri kuonga kwake kusimba uye Relations Mark akatora kudzidza panguva Academy of Arts. Akabvumirwa kuva muzvipiri chivezwa mukirasi.

Wokutanga budiriro

Nechekare muna 1864, ari Mark Matveevich Antokolsky anopiwa sirivha menduru vapamatunhu kusunungurwa "muJudha-musoni" Iye akasika. Pashure zvakaoma makore mana Guy awana yendarama mubayiro nokuda yakakwirira kusunungurwa vanoda "The Miser."

Zviya, apo mudzidzi panguva Academy of Arts mukomana mutauro wokuRussia, uyewo chinoshingaira kufarira Russian mabhuku uye nhoroondo zvakakwana. Saka zvakakosha kuti ufunge kuti pamba akataura Yiddish. Kungokangaidzwa Russian netsika, anosika chidhori "Ivan Grozny" muna 1970, iyo anomutsa izvozvo anenge kumatenga - muvezi wechiduku Antokolsky akagamuchira musoro academician kuchikoro kwake. Duchess Maria Nikolaevna, uyo aiva vaichengetedza ari Academy of Arts, akasvika usingatsananguriki uchifadzwa pamberi basa naMako. Zvakanga iye akataura pamusoro matarenda jaya Kesari Alexander II, pamusoro izvo chifananidzo kwakakanganisa uyewo. Iye kunyange akasarudza kutenga nokuda Hermitage uye vashande 8 zviuru rubles, iyo panguva iyoyo yaiva hombe mari.

kukura nguva

Antokolsky Mark Matveevich, vane Biography tiri kufunga, pashure pokupedza kudzidza kubva Academy yakasarudza kuenda Paris uye Roma. Panzira, mumazuva iwayo zvaiva zvakajairika kuti kudzidza. Ndiko kuti, tsika. Zvaidavirwa kuti kuitira kuti munhu ave tenzi akanaka, uye akakwanisa kuunza chinhu chitsva, aifanira kuona basa zvakanaka vemifananidzo chepakutanga uye kuti sika tsika mhepo. Monument Petro 1 muna Taganrog agamuchirwa chivezwa kunyange patinenge ake panguva Academy, asi basa pariri, akatanga chete kuRoma. Parallel izvi, munhu akava runoenzanirana nhengo Paris Academy. Nechekare muna 1878 iye anoratidza zvaakasika zvakanakisisa panguva World Exhibition rakaitirwa muParis. Zviya, Peter 1 shongwe muna Taganrog anonzi chete imwe yakanakisisa.

Muvezi Antokolsky akagamuchira soro zvaibvira mubayiro uye Order of Legion Kukudzwa. Kwapera nguva, mumwe murume anga ari runoenzanirana nhengo dzakawanda zvikoro muna Western Europe: London, Vienna, Berlin nevamwe.

Papera makore

Muna 1889, mumwe murume kunoita chifananidzo "Nestor sahwira." 2 Kwapera makore nomuvezi rinopedzisa mamwe mabasa maviri anokosha: chifananidzo hwendarira "Ermak" uye majolica "Yaroslav Mudry."

Kuwedzera zvivezwa, Mark akanyora zvakawanda mumakore achangodarika. Nyaya ake pamusoro uri zvakabudisa siyana magazini Europe. Muna 1887 akabudisa "Autobiography" ake, uye nguva pfupi asati afa, iye akanyora yokufungidzira "Ben-Isaka" uyo akatsaurira upenyu hwake kuna kuvaJudha.

Pakafa bhuku guru murume yakabudiswa "Mark Matveevich Antokolsky. upenyu hwake, basa, tsamba uye nyaya. "

Antokolsky akafa kuFrankfurt am Main, asi vamwe vanoti kuti apa kumatenga muguta Homburg. Akavigwa chitarisiko kwakaita kumakuva yechiJudha muSt Petersburg. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti uduku murume aiva mutendi, chii akaramba Mamwe mazuva ake, vachichengeta tsika yechiJudha. The tombstone iri akashongedzwa nemifananidzo Torah rwakapetwa, menorah uye Star raDhavhidhi.

mhuri

Kana mhuri, nomuvezi akanga asina mudzimai kana vana. mhuri yake iri kuonekwa nemuzukuru Elena Tarhanova, uyo aivawo emhizha. Mukadzi akaroorwa yakakurumbira physiologist Ivanom Tarhanovym. With Antokolsky vakanga hama mweya, saka zviri vaigara vachikurukura, pamwe nematambudziko ari okusika dambudziko.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

Zvivezwa tara antokolsky yakakurumbira zvikuru. unyanzvi murume akadaro aiva vateveri vakawanda. Vaviri vavo - zviri Boris TESORO uye Ilya Ginzburg.

The chivezwa Russian-yakaitwa yokutanga, iyo atenga kuMadokero - kushanda Antokolsky "chevaux Ivan Vasilievich anotyisa." Vawana basa yaiva Kensington Museum.

MuJerusarema pane munzira yemuguta inonzi pashure Antokolsky.

"Ermak" uye "Ivan Grozny"

Funga imwe zvinofadza zvikuru zvivezwa cherechedza antokolsky - "Ermak". Chokutanga, ngationei kuti ose mabasa zvivezwa akaurayiwa manyorero realism, uye nei vari anoyevedza. Uyezve, tinoona nemagadzirirwo uye Kujeka zvaakasika. Basa iri "Ermak" Antokolsky akatanga muna 1881. Ermak Timofeevich - chaiye. Rizivikanwe Cossack Jinda akatungamirira kukunda kuSiberia nokuda Russian nehurumende. Hazvishamisi kuti Mark, uyo akanga vafarire nhoroondo Russian, mwoyo Ermak nhamba. Uye pfungwa yava nyaya kumativi musi - the tercentenary of kukunda kweSiberia. "Top" yasvika panguva imwecheteyo pamutemo basa kusika munhu chivezwa.

Pasinei chokwadi chokuti mabhuku pane Kurondedzera zvakakwana zviri gamba, Antokolsky aida kubudisa mufananidzo wakajeka, kuratidza manzwiro. Pamberi pake waiva basa kuumba chifananidzo kuti zvingadai aimirira simba mweya yose vanhu Russian. Zvinoshamisa, Mark Matveevich chaizvoizvo vakakwanisa recreate zvose chiso zviri kuroorwa. A huru mufananidzo womunhu chinokushamisa rayo ukuru uye simba. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti murwi zvombo yakaitwa kukuru zvakarurama uye zvenhau. A yakawanda uye nesimba yakanga kupedzerwa kusikwa ichi chivezwa zvinoshamisa, asi kwaiva kufira zviripo.

Statue "Ivan Grozny" raiva basa varume guru rokutanga. zvisikwa izvi rinoitwa nomwenje nzeve zvizere. Mambo akagara pachigaro yakakwirira choushe, mapendekete ake akazadza nyoro nguo, uye patsoka dzake - simba pamusoro yose nyika. Zvinoshamisa sei mune imwe chivezwa Marc Antokolsky aigona nezvevaKristu zvinenge zvose ruzivo vanhu uye kuti zvaikosha kwaari. Panguva yokutonga kwake, mambo aifanira kuenda kuburikidza zvikuru, nei akanga akwegura akatya. Zvisinei, mambo kwakaoma chaizvo kubvuma zvikanganiso zvavo, uye nokuti tilted shure, zvichiita kuti kutarisa somunhu surly harahwa. Pasinei kuziva zvake, haangagoni kukumbira ruregerero, nei yava kunyange zvakaoma.

Mark Matveevich Antokolsky: "Kufa Socrates"

Pfungwa akaberekwa kubva munyori muna 1874. Zvinozivikanwa kuti vazhinji mabasa Musiki azara yomukati mutambo, kunyanya mifananidzo nevafungi yekare. basa iri rakanga akasikwa 1877.

Socrates aiva sarudzo: kusiya maonero ake kana kufa. Anofunga akasarudza nzira yechipiri. Basa racho chivezwa kwaiva anoratidza anosimbirira kutsakatika upenyu uye netsika ukuru feat. By Mark Matveevich akati aida kusika munhu chivezwa nenguva afa Socrates, kuti rinoratidza njodzi huru sei vanhu kufira pfungwa dzavo.

Takataura pamusoro upenyu uye basa nomuvezi Antokolsky. Gwara hwake kuburikidza upenyu izere kwete chete zvinokosha, asi zvipingamupinyi. Pasinei vamwe Kurwisana nechomukati, murume musoro akaenda mberi uye kuita zvinhu iwe rudo, ikasara pakukwana.