Kukunda kweSiberia. Nhoroondo kubatana kweSiberia uye kuFar East kuRussia

Kukunda kweSiberia - ndiyo chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha dzinotsanagura inotungamirwa Russian statehood. Kukura nyika vokumabvazuva akatora makore anopfuura 400. Munguva yose iyi, kwaiva hondo dzakawanda, dzimwe kuwedzera, conspiracies, anonyengera.

Ndakabatana Siberia ndiyo musimboti pfungwa dzekare dzichiri uye rinoita yakawanda gakava, kusanganisira pakati nhengo paruzhinji.

The Kukunda kweSiberia kubudikidza Ermak

Nhoroondo kukunda kweSiberia chinotanga yakakurumbira kwidza Ermak. Uyu ndiwo mumwe machinda Cossacks. mashoko chaiwo pamusoro yaakaberekerwa uye dzinza ariko. Zvisinei, kuyeuka mabasa ake zvasvika kwatiri kuburikidza emakore. Muna 1580, vatengesi akapfuma Stroganoff akakoka Cossacks kubatsira kudzivirira zvinhu avo kubva kuramba kurwisa nokuda Ugrians. Cossacks vakagara mutaundi duku uye akararama nekaupenyu murunyararo. Zvawanikwa unorema pamusoro Volga Cossacks. Pane zvishoma kupfuura mazana masere. Muna 1581, pamwe vashambadziri mari kufora rakarongwa. Pasinei nhoroondo kukosha (chaizvoizvo, danidziro kwakaratidza kutanga Nguva kukunda kweSiberia), chirongwa ichi hachina Akakwezva Moscow. The Kremlin kukupfura akadana nyore "makororo."

In Mumatsutso 1581 rimwe boka Ermak akanga mukusanzwisisa ngarava zvidiki uye vakatanga ichifamba kurwizi Chusovaya kumusoro kumakomo. On yokuwana mashoko Cossacks vakanga kucheneswa nzira yake, anotema miti. Beach akanga chose pasingagarwi. Permanent waigona uye munzvimbo dzine makomo ndakasika zvinhu zvakaoma kuchinja. Zvikepe (Struga) akatorwa sezvaari pedyo, nokuti chichiitwa zvinomera akatadza kuisa rollers. With rava kusvika kuchitonhora ari Cossacks akaisa musasa kurutivi vanopfuura, apo takapedza yechando yose. Pashure paizvozvo ndakatanga Rafting kurwizi Tagil.

Siberian Khanate

The Kukunda kuSiberia kubudikidza Yermak akasangana kurwisa yokutanga kubva yomunharaunda Tatars. Pane kunova mhiri rwizi Ob akatanga Siberian Khanate. Izvi duku mamiriro rakaumbwa muzana remakore rechi15, pashure pokukundwa Yechinwiwa Horde. It vaipiwa simba uye raiva shoma nhumbi diki machinda.

The Tartars vakajaira kune anongofamba nzira youpenyu, vakanga vasingagoni kuvakira guta rakanaka, kana kunyange mumisha. Huru sika vakanga vachiri vachivhima uye kuzopindazve. Warriors vakanga kunyanya vakatasva. Sezvo zvombo vaishandisa scimitars kana minondo. Kakawanda, vakanga munharaunda yakabereka uye nokukurumidza akaputsa. Kwakatungamidzwawo akabatwa minondo Russian nemimwe midziyo yepamusoro. Taishandisa zvidobi Yokuwedzera emauto vachirwisa, panguva iyo vatasvi chaizvoizvo ikatsikatsika muvengi, uye ipapo kuenda. Masoja Foot dzaiwanzova uta.

Equipment Cossacks

Cossack Ermak vakawana panguva kuitika basa. Raiva pfuti upfu uye cannons. Most Tatars havana kunyange kumboona zvakadaro, uye ichi ndicho mukana chikuru Russian.

Pedyo ano Turinsk akanga hondo yokutanga. Pano Tatars vangavandira Cossacks akatanga kudurura miseve. Zvadaro, dzomunyika muchinda epanche akatuma emauto ake pamusoro Ermak. Cossacks akazarura moto pamusoro pavo kubva pfuti refu uye cannons, uye ipapo vakatiza Tatars. kukunda uku kubvumidzwa kutora omunzvimbo Ching-kumativi pasina kurwa.

The kukunda of Cossacks vokutanga vakauya zvinhu zvakawanda zvakasiyana. Kuwedzera goridhe nesirivha, idzi dzaiva akapfuma chaizvo Siberian mbava, iro vanokosheswa mu Russia. Pashure vamwe vanhu kirasi basa vakadzidza pamusoro firimu, kukunda kweSiberia, kuti Cossacks anokwezvwa itsva vanhu vazhinji.

Kukunda Western kweSiberia

Pashure akatevedzana anokurumidza uye vakabudirira kukunda Ermak akatanga kufamba mberi kumabvazuva. Muchirimo vashoma wechiTatar namachinda vakabatana kuti vadzivise ari Cossacks, asi nokukurumidza akakundwa uye aiziva masimba Russian. In pakati muna Yarkovsky nzvimbo ano zhizha yaiva hondo huru yokutanga. Mametkula vamabhiza yakatanga kudenhwa nzvimbo Cossacks. Vakatsvaka kuwana pedyo uye vanopwanya muvengi, kushandisa mutasvi iri melee. Ermak amene akamira mugoronga kuti chaimbova pfuti uye akatanga moto panguva Tatars. Nechekare mushure volleys shoma Mametkul akamhanya nehondo yake yose, iro akazarura Cossacks zvakaitika Karachi.

Kuvaka Nyika basa

Kukunda kweSiberia akanga inozivikanwa zvaikosha vasiri yetsiva varasikirwa. Zvakandiomera okunze uye zvakaoma okunze akaita zvirwere zvakawanda mumusasa forwarders. Kuwedzera kune Russian yokuzviparadzanisa pamusoro Ermak vaivawo vokuGermany uye Lithuanians (saka akadana vanhu kubva kuBaltic States).

Vaiva vakawanda vanotambura nechirwere uye yakaomesesa Kutamiswa acclimatization én. Zvisinei, inopisa zhizha matambudziko Siberian izvi zvaisava, saka Cossacks akatamira pasina matambudziko, vachitora zvakawanda munharaunda. Kuendeswa nemisha hadzina dzichapambwa uye kupiswa. Kazhinji akakwira zvishongo kubva muchinda womunharaunda, kana iye akamboda afumure muchiuto. Zvikasadaro Zvinongoreva touted zvipo. Kuwedzera Cossacks vanobva vaiitawo mushandirapamwe. Vaifamba shure masoja, pamwe vafundisi uye vamiririri kuuya yaitonga. Mumaguta yakakunda ipapo akavaka nhare - akavakirirwa emapuranga nhare. Vaiva pakutonga, uye nhare chiitiko ane rakakombwa.

The yakakunda marudzi vaiva pasi mutero. For vachibhadhara ayo uye aifanira kutarisa magavhuna Russian mujeri. Kana mumwe munhu akaramba kubhadhara mutero, vakashanyira veko kukupfura. Mumazuva guru kumukira vakasvika kubatsira Cossacks.

The yokupedzisira kukundwa kuSiberia Khanate

Kukunda Siberia akwanise ndechokuti Tatars vemo vanenge haana kushamwaridzana nomumwe. madzinza Various ichiitwa pakati hondo. Kunyange mukati kuSiberia Khanate, kwete machinda ose akakurumidza kubatsira vamwe. Mukuru nemishonga raiva Tatar Khan Kuchum. Kumisa Cossacks, akatanga kuunganidza uto Pachine. Kuwedzera kukupfura yake, akakumbira varwi. Vaiva Ostiaks uye Voguls. Pakati pavo pane uye kuziva. Mukutanga November, Khan akatungamirira Tartars kusvikira pamuromo Tobol, achida kumisa Russian pano. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti veko vakawanda vasina chinokosha Kuchum rubatsiro.

hondo inokosha

Apo hondo yakatanga, anenge ose Varwi vaya vakatiza kubva dzeminda. Havaratidzi vakarongeka uye yakadzidziswa Tartars vaisagona refu vasabatwa mikukutu hondo uye Cossacks uyewo vakadzokera shure.

Shure kwaizvozvo anoparadza uye kusarudza kukunda pamberi Ermak akazarura inoenda Kishlyk. Mushure kubatwa guru iri yokuzviparadzanisa akambomira muguta. Mazuva mashoma gare gare pakanga akatanga kusvika Khanty vamiririri vane zvipo. Ataman akavagamuchira noushamwari uye akataura zvakanaka. Pashure paizvozvo, uye Tatars vakatanga nokuzvidira kuunza zvipo mukutsinhana kudzivirirwa. Uyewo, munhu wose anopfugama, wakanyengwa kubhadhara mutero.

Parufu yepamusoro Mukurumbira

Kukunda kweSiberia haina pakutanga rinotsigirwa Moscow. Zvisinei, runyerekupe pamusoro Kubudirira ari Cossacks zvakarurama vakakurumidza rakapararira munyika. Muna 1582 Ermak kutumira nhume kuna mambo. aiva Satellite Ataman Ivan Ring, ndokunanga rekupinda. Chevaux Ivan aiva panosvikira chechina Cossacks. Vakanga vakapa zvipo, ramakagadzwa - the giya of youmambo smithy. Ivan zvakare akarayira kuti vatore kukupfura varume 500 uye kuendeswa kuSiberia. The gore rakatevera Ermak akakunda anenge yose pamusoro pemhenderekedzo Irtysh.

The Jinda yakakurumbira akapfuurira kukunda dzisina mundima uye muchamanikidza dzakawanda vemarudzi. Paiva kumukirana, izvo vakakwanisa kukurumidza kuisa pasi. Asi pedyo norwizi Vagai yokuzviparadzanisa pamusoro Ermak akarwiswa. Cossack boka ravarwi usiku dzakashamiswa Tartars akakwanisa kuuraya zvinenge zvose. mutungamiri mukuru uye Cossack Ataman Ermak akafa.

Humwe kukunda kweSiberia zvishoma

The nzvimbo chaiyo kuvigwa ndiyo jinda kuzivikanwa. Pashure pokufa Ermak kuti nesimba rakawedzerwa akaramba kukunda kweSiberia. Gore negore, pasi ndima zvose zvitsva. Kana yepakutanga pamushandirapamwe haina chikwata pamwe Kremlin uye aiva runobva, kuti arambe kwazova centralized. Mambo pachake akatora kutonga nyaya. Kugara akadzingwa akashongedzerwa zvakanaka rwendo. Castle yakavakwa Tyumen, uyo akava wokutanga Russian kugarwa munzvimbo idzi. Kubvira ipapo vakaronga kukunda akaramba kushandisa Cossack. Gore negore, akakunda ndima yose itsva. In guta zvabatanidzwa munhu Russian yaitonga. Kubva guru dzakatumwa vanhu vakadzidza kuita basa.

Pakati pezana remakore rechi17, pane kushingaira sefungu Colonisation. Based nemisha yakawanda. Varimi vanobva dzimwe kumicheto Russia. The yokugara iri kuwedzera. Muna 1733, izvozvo yarongwa yakakurumbira Northern rwendo. Kuwedzera kukunda anodawo panguva kutsvakurudza uye kuwanikwa munyika itsva. The Data vakawana pashure ichishandiswa geographers kubva pasi pose. End va- Siberia anogona kunzi kupinda Uryahanskogo kumucheto Russian Empire.