Siberian Khan Kuchum: Biography, panguva yaitonga

Muna 1563, pashure refu uye ropa hondo iri mundima avete pakati guru Siberian rwizi Irtysh wayo mutero of Tobol, iye akasimbisa simba rake Kuchum Khan - zvakananga wenhaka vorudzii Genghis Khan uye mutsivi wake kuti hasha negwaro. hondo Khan raMwari, iro raiva Kazakhs, Uzbeks uye Nogai, zvakatyisa vagere panyika, iye akabhadhara meso ake makaro.

Tanga anokunda Siberian nyika

Kuchum Khan, ane Biography rine pacharo, mukuwedzera nhoroondo facts, Zvikamu nokuda kwounyanzvi ngano, mune zvakasiyana-siyana akapeta pamusoro ichi, zvayo mavara uye nevamwe unhu pachake nokusingaperi kuramba munhoroondo kweSiberia. Zvisinei, makore ake okutanga zvishoma zvinozivikanwa. Kureva zvinyorwa yaMakoronike dzinoshuma chete kuti akazvarwa mugore 1510-1520 pamahombekombe eGungwa Aral, muruwa, vaitakura zita Alti-Aul. Yenhau "On kutora Siberian Land", inoumbwa Savvoy Esipovym pakupera ari XVI remakore, akati akanga ari Karakalpakiya kwavanobva.

Kuti ave tenzi eumambo Siberian nharaunda, Khan Kuchum akatungamirira zvikwata rinoumbwa marudzi omunharaunda pasi pake, akatanga muna 1555, uto Varwisei Khan Edigera zvisingadzorwi vaipinda munyika yakabatana Irtysh. Panguva iyoyowo, akavimba rubatsiro hama, mubati Bukhara, Abdullah Khan II. Izvi mutorwa saha kuSiberia andobata dzavo nehupfumi nematongerwe enyika, uyewo Khan Kuchum. Photos anounzwa munyaya, kupa pfungwa yokusiyana kuSiberia nharaunda, apo chiito zvakunowedzera kuuya nhoroondo mutambo.

Vanotsindikirwa Khan Edigera

hondo iyi, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, yakaguma muna 1563 kukunda Kuchum Khan, uyo akatora kudzora yakakura uye akazova mutongi amarudzi barabintsev, Chats uye Ostyaks vaigara mumahombekombe pamahombekombe Irtysh. Kubvira ipapo, ake pachake pfuma rakatanga kukura rinoshamisa nokukurumidza sezvo vakakunda vanhu vaisungirwa kugara kubhadhara mutero - muripo muchimiro zvinokosha mbava mbava inobereka mhuka.

Sezvo Khan Kuchum anga muzukuru Genghis Khan, ipapo godo akamuchengetedza tsika, uye, akatora guta Kashlyk - guta guru Khan Edigera, akatanga nokutaura kuti akanga auraya ekupedzisira pamwe yomumwe Bedbulatom, anotsiva saizvozvo nokuti rufu sekuru vake, uyo akafa makore mashoma ndamboudzwa maoko avo. Upenyu zvabatwa chete muzukuru Edigera - Seydyaku, asi chete kuti, akamusunga namaketani, kutumira Bukhara sechipo Abdullah Khan amutsigira zvechiuto.

Kuedza Islamization Siberian marudzi

On ake pasi nzvimbo Kuchum Khan ndiye akazvipira muMuslim, kutanga kuchengeta mweya vatongi vari pasi ake idzva, asi wakaita izvozvo yakadaro aizivikanwa parizvino tsika ngwizhingwi Islam - nomoto uye nomunondo. Asi taiga vagari kare midzi zvavanotenda, uye nevashamani kwavari waiva pedyo kupfuura mullah.

Pasina kuita navo yebhaibheri nharo, Kuchum anongoti akagura misoro yavo, vane imwe kusimba. All vamwe akaisa pasi pomutemo Mahomet kudzingiswa aita kana nokuzvidira kana simba. Yaiva nhungamiro vacharamba kuomerera zvakasimba kuti kuSiberia Khan Kuchum. Photos temberi echihedheni kweSiberia anogona kuonekwa munyaya ino.

Mhirizhonga pakati pamarudzi vemo

Izvi kumanikidza nokuiswa Islam kwakaita kuti vakawanda bongozozo pakati yakakunda, uye sokunge kuti kuti urarame ake ezvinhu vemo. Kwakakura pamusoro kurwisa akatora navanopinda chikero zvokuti Kuchum Khan akamanikidzwa kutsvaka rubatsiro kubva baba vake - Murtaza. Zvisinei, kuvatuma vavabatsire haana kukwana, uye chete tichibatsirwa ari emauto chete hama Bukhara, Abdullah Khan II akakwanisa kurarama havatereri.

Mushure mauto vachibva Bukhara kuSiberia uye vaparidzi vakawanda Islamic, rinoreva kutenda mutsva kwevaya vakarega simbi yataghans. Zviito zvakadaro nesimba akanga zvabuda, asi zvakadaro, kunyange afa Khan vagere kuSiberia zvavo vakawanda vaiva vahedheni.

Mutongi kuSiberia Khanate

Mumakore okutanga rokutonga Khan Kuchum akaita zvose chokuwedzera Holdings ayo uye simbisa yakasimbiswa mamiriro avo. In ichi akakwanisa kuita pachena kubudirira. Nokukurumidza, kuwedzera kune Tatars uye Kipchaks, taiva pasi pesimba Bashkir uye Khanty-Mansi madzinza. Free marudzi wokutanga kusvika simba Siberian Khanate, kunosvika kuchamhembe pamahombekombe Ob River kumavirira - kune Urals, uye kumaodzanyemba kusvika Baraba inowanzorimwa. Uye zvose zvaizova zvakanaka, kana kwete muripo kuti aitofanira kubhadhara kuna Russian chamber.

Han Kuchum kwakanyatsobatana wedzinza Genghis Khan, uyo akakunda hafu nyika kare, uye anobuda mwoyo wake, kana akanga ane gore kutumira nhume kuMoscow pamwe nezviuru chinokosha Sable pelts. Uye kana homwe Khan akakwanisa kuraramisa chibharo yakadaro, mweya - kwete. Pakupedzisira woutsinye muhomwe kurwisa pamusoro nyika dzinodzorwa naye, Kuchum kwete chete akaramba kubhadhara mutero nzvimbo reRussia, asi nemimba chido zvinyorwe ake Khanate of vemumapato nenharaunda.

Kuchum Khan uye Ermak Timofeevich

The chinhu yaiparadza yake yokutanga, akasarudza Perm. Izvi wakatsamwisa kumukira Nogai Tatars, uyo akaedza kushandisa mamiriro ezvinhu kuti secede kubva Russian mamiriro. Pashure paizvozvo Khan atora dzakawanda kuedza andobata maguta zvakawanda Russian, asi avo chete navlok hasha Ivana Groznogo, uyo pakarepo akatuma ayo kudzvinyirira of Cossacks rinotungamirirwa kunozivikanwa Ermak Timofeevich.

mumwe chete kudhumhana pasi Chuvash gomo, kwakaitika October 12, 1581, mauto vaikwanisa kupa Khan Kuchum Cossacks nemishonga uye dzinga kurwisa. Asi gare gare mwedzi Vaiparadzana chose, zvino hondo, akaramba pasi nevanhu kweSiberia, vakatiza. Pamusuo guru Khanate - City Isker - Ermak haana akasangana vairamba. Achandorwa naye, achidzivirira vatsva uye vose vaivenga Khan aingovawo hapana.

Zvikonzero muchiuto ukuru Cossacks

kukunda uku nyore, maererano kare, nemhaka zvinoverengeka. Chokutanga, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Khan Kuchum akatungamirira hondo vamiririri siyana marudzi, unconnected kana chitendero kana tsika ukama, uye kazhinji vashanduri noruvengo.

It zvange uye kutengeswa omunzvimbo kwavatungamiriri vakuru vehondo, uyo aiona zvinobetsera Moscow kubhadhara mutero kuna mambo kupfuura dzimwe Khan rinovimba uyewo nokutsigirwa Bukharian mauto. Uyezve, tichiziva kuti tarisiro zvakapambwa vasingarangwi guta Russian akava haungambofari, vakabva kune kurutivi Cossacks.

Pakupedzisira, hatifaniri kukanganwa kuti mhirizhonga hafu-tyisa Khan aifanira kubata rakanyatsorongwa, inini rwisana kurovedza dzose Cossack dzakabatana akanga kwavo dziripo imwe firearm, hazvina zvachose asingazivi ipapo kuSiberia murenje. ezvinhu aya akabvumira yokuzviparadzanisa pakati Ermak, paiva vasingasviki pane zviuru vanhu pfupi kuti achapwanya kurwisa muvengi, runopfuura nayo zvikuru nechisimba nhamba.

Danho itsva kukunda kuSiberia Khanate

Asi pfuma hondo, sezvo tichiziva, unochinja uye nyore kukunda kazhinji kunoparira nokuzvikudza basa. Vapererwa, uyo akafirwa hondo yake yose, uye haawanzotauri akapukunyuka akatiza Khan Kuchum akavanda Ishim steppes Munotatamura kumaodzanyemba chikamu West Siberian Plain. Ikoko akakwanisa kuunganidza vakaparadzirwa mhiri inowanzorimwa mauto uye navatorwa, avavimbisa mupfumi zvakapambwa, atore pamusoro kuhondo Cossacks pamusoro kufamba kushumwa nokuda veko kwaari. Nokukurumidza, vachishandisa zvakakodzera nguva, Kuchum Akavarwisa uye vakakwanisa vachiri kuhwina.

Mashoko kukundikana nemauto yakasvika Moscow uye akaita Ivana Groznogo vakatuma Urals vavabatsire inotungamirwa magavhuna maviri ruzivo - Vasily uye Ivan mbwakadzi nyama. Kwapera gore, ane yokuzviparadzanisa ravanofura nouta ndakabatana navo uye Daniel Chulkov. Chokwadi, zviri akasarudza mhedzisiro yacho uye kunyimwa Khan inotarisira kuti kutsiva. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, basa rayo uto kwave airarama, zvisinei chete foray kwete nguva dzose, aiva zvikufambire naye.

Kukundwa uye ndege Khan Kuchum

Saka, muna July 1591, pashure mumwe vachirwisa, musasa Khan Ishim River airarama, uye nokukurumidza vakatapa nouta pasi murayiro Prince Vladimir Koltsov-Mosalsk. Pachake zvakare Kuchum akatiza, tichisiya vakundi somunhu wokushamisira madzimai ake maviri uye mwanakomana Abdul-Khair. Makore matatu ezvinhu akafanana pachitsuwa Black, riri okumusoro kunosvika of Irtysh. Ikoko, muna tariro yokupukunyuka varwi vamambo, Tartars guta rakanga makazviteya. Mushure kurwisa, akaedza yokuzviparadzanisa Eletski Prince Andrew, akatorwa, uye zvakare Khan Kuchum vakanyangarika, vachisiya nechisimba musketeers.

Kuziva kusabatsira kwohumwe kurwa 1597 Kuchum zvinganaka kuti rugare. Akatora vaitire kumisa vachirwisa, asi nokuti aida kudzoka vasungwa uye akakunda pfuma yake. Mhinduro wamakagamuchira kubva Moscow, akati kuti nyika zvinogoneka chete kana kufamba kwake basa Russian chamber. Asi sezvo vana Genghis Khan zvakanga zvisingagamuchiriki Kuchum akaramba uye akatanga kuunganidza simba kuti nokurova itsva.

Okupedzisira makore eupenyu Khan Kuchum

Kubvira panguva iyoyo, Moscow zviremera, chokwadi kusakwanisika kusvika sungano Khan, achitora zvikuru basa matanho kuiparadza. Muna August 1598, muchinda Koltsov Mosalsk vanokwanisa taramba nemusasa pana Irmen Khan River. Zvinozivikanwa kuti muhondo akauraya mwanakomana, mukoma uye vazukuru vaviri Khan, asi iye amene kutiza zvakare. Vapfuri akanga atora nhapwa vazhinji vanokudzwa vakanga kutumirwa muna Tobolsk, uye ipapo muMoscow, apo, pachiitiko basa kukunda chokuonga rakaitwa.

Zvakange akazotaura mumwe kuedza kunyengetedza Khan kuti Russian basa, asi hazvina kubudirira. Kuti izvi zvidaro, muna October 1598 gavhuna Prince Voeikov pamusoro akarayira akakwira choumambo panguva Borisa Godunova akatuma Kuchum akavimba munhu, asi zvakare akarambidzwa. Yakanga asiri kubudirira uye vakatevera avhiyiwa, chinangwa rakanga kuti vabate Khan, achishandisa ruzivo kubva vemo.

Rufu chakavanzika nokuda kare kubva kwatiri

rufu rwake muna 1601, takapoteredzwa chete chokwadi pakuzvarwa. Pane zvinopikisana chaizvo mishumo zvakamira Khan apedza upenyu hwake Kuchum. Biography wake vadonhedzera kumwe yakakura steppes inogarwa madzinza Semi-anongofamba. Kubva mamwe manyuko tinogona kugumisa kuti zvaiva pedyo naye muna Karakalpak ropa, asi kuti wakatsamwisa kuti vanoponda kamwe zvose-simba, uye nguva dzose akasurukirwa uye akasiyiwa Khan - harizivikanwi.

Siberian Khan Kuchum, panguva vane yokutonga (1563-1568) rakaenderana nguva nevaMedhiya kweSiberia uye kukura kwayo vatsvakurudzi Russian, vakava chinokosha munhoroondo yedu. Akapinda kwaari, pamwe chete navanakomana vake Ablaykerimom Kira pashure pokufa kwababa vake akaedza kuti mashomanana emakore varambe simba maoko kumucheto taiga uye, sezvakaita naye, dzakamanikidzwa cede kodzero kuti kuna Russian chamber.

mutongi mhuri Siberian khanate

In mhedziso, mashoko mashoma pamusoro mhuri kugara mhoteredzo Khan Kuchum. Biography, nyika, enyika zvinoumba uye zvokukura nemauto nzira - kuti ruzivo, izvo zvikurukuru inotifungisa kwedu kana tichifunga izvi kana kuti munhau. Zvisinei, vachava kukwana kana musingadi kufungawo dzakaripoteredza vadiwa.

Family Khan Kuchum ndihungu zvizere kwayo hweHIV. Over hwose, akanga ana vakadzi gumi (uye varongo, varanda regai kuverenga), akawanda raiva huru. Ivo akabereka vanasikana mapfumbamwe, uye vanakomana, namanomwe, vakaitawo basa munhoroondo ino yekare anongofamba vanhu. Legends pamusoro chete Kuchumov Khan, mukundi kweSiberia, rakapona kwemakore akapukunyuka creators dzavo.