The zvizvarwa zvemo kweSiberia. Vanhu kuSiberia uye kuFar East. Small marudzi kweSiberia

Maererano nevaongorori kubva munzvimbo dzakasiyana, asi zvizvarwa zvemo kweSiberia kugara munharaunda iyi mukupera Paleolithic. Zvinonzi kuti nguva kunoratidzwa chikuru kunovhima kukura vaviri Fisheries.

Nhasi vakawanda vemadzinza uye emadzinza munzvimbo vashoma uye tsika dzavo vava kuda kutsakatika. Next tichaedza tinyatsoziva nzvimbo wenyika yedu, sezvo vanhu kweSiberia. Photo Representatives chaiyo mutauro uye kurima zvichakurukurwa munyaya.

Pakuongorora izvi zvoupenyu, tiri kuedza kuratidza kusiyana dzavanhu uye anogona kumutsa muverengi kufarira vaifamba uye mafaro.

ethnogenesis

Zvinenge nharaunda yose kweSiberia raimiririra Mongoloid mhando munhu. Zvinonzi vaiona nzvimbo yechizvarirwo pamusoro Central Asia. Mushure pakutanga shure pakati rechando vanhu chete vakadaro zvinhu vakagara nharaunda. Panguva iyoyo, asati dzakabudirira mombe zvikuru, saka chikuru basa chavagari akatanga kuvhima.

Kana Paunoongorora mepu mapoka mutauro kweSiberia, tichaona kuti vari vanomiririrwa vakawanda Altai uye Ural mhuri. Tungus, Mongol uye mitauro Turkic rumwe rutivi - uye Finno-Samoyed vamwe.

Socio-zvoupfumi zvinhu

Vanhu kuSiberia uye kuFar East kuti kukura nharaunda yacho Russian zvikurukuru vaiva yakafanana mararamiro. Chekutanga, vanhuwo vakanga dzemadzinza pabonde. Tsika zvaichengetwa akaparadzana nemisha, michato akaedza haana kupararira mhiri rudzi.

Makirasi vakakamurwa maererano nenzvimbo dzokugara. Kana paiva chikuru gang, chinowanzoonekwa akasangana nemisha akagadzirisa vehove, uyo akanga agamuchirwa kurima. Main chete vakawanda akavimbiswa kuroorwa bedzi mune mombe maberekero Somuenzaniso, zvakajairika chaizvo vakanga achifudza.

Mhuka idzi yakakunakira ruminant kwete chete nokuda nyama, undemanding kuti zvokudya, asi nekuda matehwe dzavo. Vane dzakaonda chaizvo uye ushamwari, nokudaro kubvumira marudzi zvakadai evenks kuva vatasvi vakanaka uye masoja hwomutambarakede nguo.

Pashure kuuya munharaunda imwe firearm nemararamiro zvachinja yekudyidzana.

The zvoupenyu hwavo hwomudzimu

Yekare avanhu kweSiberia vachiri vateveri pechishamani. Kunyange zvazvo kwemazana emakore akawanda hazvina kuchinja-siyana, asi simba raro hakuna akarasika. Buryats Somuenzaniso, pakutanga akawedzera mamwe tsika, uye ipapo kushandisa zvakakwana kuna chiBhudha.

Mamwe madzinza pamutemo vabhabhatidzwa kubva nemisere remakore. Asi zviri pamutemo mashoko. Kana tikatora motokari nomumisha uye nemisha inogarwa kubudikidza duku avanhu kweSiberia, tichaona mufananidzo yakasiyana zvachose. Most vanoomerera emakore-kare tsika madzitateguru avo pasina utsanzi, vamwe vanobatanidza zvavanotenda mumwe zvitendero.

Kunyanya avo zviri upenyu kuoneka pamazororo enyika, kana pane unhu zvitendero zvakasiyana. Ivo intertwine nokusika rakasiyana mufananidzo echokwadi tsika ane rudzi.

Ngatitaurei ramba kutaura zvakawanda pamusoro chii vari zvizvarwa zvemo kweSiberia.

Aleuts

Vanozvidza unangany uye nevavakidzani vavo (Eskimos) - alakshak. Uwandu vanhu haawanzotauri makumi maviri nezviviri, vakawanda vacho vanogara kuchamhembe US and Canada.

Vaongorori vanodavira kuti Aleuts akaumbwa anenge zviuru zvishanu apfuura. Zvisinei, panguva dzakavapo, pane mbiri dzinokosha maonero. Vamwe funga navo yoga dzinza isangano, vamwe - kuti vakamira kubva pakati Eskimos.

vanhu ava vasati vasangana Orthodox Church, ane vateveri vari nhasi, Aleuts vaizviti vasanganise pechishamani uye animism. Huru shamanic koshitomu ari muchimiro shiri, uye mweya yakasiyana zvinhu uye mananara vanoratidzwa emapuranga Masiki.

Nhasi ivo vanonamata Mwari mumwe, izvo mutauro wavo unonzi Agugum uye inomiririra zvizere zvaidiwa ose canons chiKristu.

On mundima Russian Federation, sezvatichaona pazasi, rinopa duku marudzi mazhinji kweSiberia, asi vanorarama chete imwe nzvimbo - musha Nikolskoye.

Itelmens

The vaizviita zita rinobva pashoko "itenmen", iro rinoreva "munhu anogara pano," munhu munharaunda, mune mamwe mashoko.

Vanogona kusangana mundima kumadokero of Kamchatka Peninsula uye reMagadhani mudunhu. Uwandu - zvishoma kupfuura zviuru zvitatu vanhu, maererano ra2002 vaverengwe.

In chitarisiko vari pedyo Pacific mhando, asi vachine pachena zviri kuchamhembe Mongoloids.

The chitendero yepakutanga - animism uye un'anga, primogenitor kuverenga rarira. Vigai vakafa Itelmens vakatanga tsika "mhepo kuvigwa." Vashakabvu iri akaturika istlevaniya ari mubhokisi pamuti kana akaisa pamusoro rinokosha papuratifomu. tsika iyi anozvikudza kwete chete vanhu Eastern kweSiberia, kare zvakanga zvakakurumbira kunyange kuCaucasus uye North America.

The inonyanya hove iri hove uye dzinovhima ari mumhenderekedzo yegungwa mhuka yakadai nemicherechedzo. Kunze kwakapararira gungano.

Kamchadals

Havasi vanhu vose kuSiberia uye kuFar East ndivo vaAborigine, muenzaniso uyu unogona kuva Kamchadals. Chaizvoizvo, izvi hazvisi yakazvimirira, asi musanganiswa Russian vatamira pamwe marudzi vemo.

Language Russian doped yavo vemo tumitauro. Vanoparadzira kunyanya Eastern Siberia. Izvi zvinosanganisira Kamchatka, Chukotka, Magadan nharaunda, Gungwa Okhotsk.

Maererano vaverengwe uwandu fluctuates mukati maviri chiuru hafu vanhu.

Chaizvoizvo, sezvo Kamchadals akadaro akazviratidza chete pakati pezana-nemasere remakore. Panguva iyoyo, kugara Russian uye vatengesi unosimbiswa zvakasimba nevanhu vemo, vamwe vavo akaroorwa itelmenkami uye vamiririri Koryak uye Chuvans.

Saka, zvizvarwa kubatana izvi madzinza uye ava Kamchadals zita.

Koryak

Kana ukatanga uchinyora marudzi kweSiberia, Koryak anogara panzvimbo okupedzisira ari pasi. Vanozivikanwa Vatsvakurudzi Russian kubva namasere remakore.

Kutaura zvazviri, izvi haisi chete rudzi, asi madzinza akawanda. Vanozvidza namylan kana chavchuven. Maererano vaverengwe nhasi nokuwanda - vanenge zviuru mapfumbamwe vanhu.

Kamchatka, Chukotka uye Magadan dunhu - Muganhu vamiririri pamarudzi aya mupenyu.

Kana isu kuita kupatsanura pamusana nemararamiro, izvo rakakamurwa kumahombekombe uye achinaya mvura.

Chokutanga - nymylany. Aliutor vanotaura mutauro uye vari mubasa mugungwa hove - hove uye yokuvhima nemicherechedzo. Izvi tsika uye mararamiro pedyo Kerek. Izvi yaingowanikwa vanhu vakagara upenyu.

Chechipiri - anongofamba chavchyv (poro). Language ivo Koryak. Kugara Penzhina muromo Taigonos uye dzakapoteredza.

The maitiro chinhu chinosiyanisa Koryak, sezvinoita mamwe marudzi kweSiberia vari yaranga. Izvi Mobile cône serin'i dzimba dzakavakwa mhuka nematehwe.

Muncie

Kana isu nezvazvo zvemo vanhu Western kweSiberia, tisingatauri Ural-Yukaghir kwakabva mhuri mutauro. Zvikuru vamiririri veboka iri Mansi.

The vaizviona Zita vanhu - "mendsy" kana "Voguls". "Muncie" mumutauro wavo rinoreva "vanhu."

boka iri rakaumbwa somugumisiro kuitwa uye Ural Ugric madzinza ari neolithic munguva. Wokutanga yaigadziriswa vavhimi, wechipiri - the anongofamba nevafudzi. duality ichi mutsika uye kurima achiri rikunde.

Wokutanga chaizvo kuonana dzokumadokero vavakidzani vaiva regumi remakore. Panguva ino, Mansi kuziva Komi uye Novgorod. Pashure va- Russia vakawedzera Colonisation itsika. Pakazopera nemanomwe remakore, vari kusundwa kumabvazuva, uye mugore rechigumi nemasere pamutemo vagamuchire chiKristu.

Nhasi, munyika ino, pane vaviri phratry. Chokutanga anonzi Port, mubereki ayo akati Bear, uye dzinoumba hwaro Urals ayo. Yechipiri unonzi mos, ayo muvambi - mukadzi Kaltashch, uye voruzhinji phratry ichi ndowenyika Hungarians.
A maitiro chinhu ndechokuti chete aiziva muchato pakati muchinjikwa phratries. tsika iyi ine chete zvimwe zvizvarwa zvemo kuWestern kweSiberia.

Nanai

Kare vakanga kuzivikanwa Golds uye mumwe yakakurumbira vamiririri vanhu - Dersu Uzala.

Maererano Verenga pfuurei zviuru makumi maviri. Vanorarama pedyo Amur muna Russian Federation uye China. Language - Nanai. On kunharaunda Russia akashandisa Cyrillic arufabheti, mu China - mutauro sanyorwa.

marudzi awa kweSiberia vava kuzivikanwa Khabarov, uyo ari nemanomwe remakore, Akaongorora nharaunda. Mamwe masayendisiti anodavira madzitateguru avo akagadzirisa varimi duchers. Asi vakawanda kuti vanodavira kuti Nanai chete akauya idzi.

Muna 1860, nemhaka redistribution miganhu ichitevedza Amur River, vakawanda vevanhu ava vaiva kamwe vagari maviri inotaura.

Nenets

Kutaura nezvemabasa marudzi ose Western kweSiberia, hazvibviri kwete vanogara Nenets. Shoko iri, kufanana dzemadzinza mazita ndima idzi dzakawanda, zvinoreva "murume". Kutonga nezvinooneka All-Russian yevagari vaverengwe kubva Taimyr kusvika kuna Kola Peninsula musha kwavo vanhu vanopfuura zviuru makumi mana. Saka, zvinoitika kuti Nenets - huru kupfuura zvizvarwa zvemo kweSiberia.

Vari rakakamurwa mapoka maviri. Chokutanga - the achinaya mvura, apo vakawanda vamiririri rechipiri - huni (pane yakaderera). The tumitauro vemadzinza aya zvakasiyana kuti munhu asinganzwisisi mumwe.

Kufanana zvose vanhu Western kweSiberia, kuti Nenets zvimwe zvose Mongoloids uye kuvaRungu. Zvino pedyo kumabvazuva, kashoma European zvinhu.

Hwaro emari rudzi urwu ndiyo poro nechiduku papi hove. Main dhishi - corned nyama, asi womukicheni rakazara mbishi nyama mombe yenondo. Nokuda huri muropa vhitamini Nenets chakakuvara zvikasaitika, asi izvozvo zvekumwe kazhinji paricharova gwapa vashanyi uye vashanyi.

chukchi

Kana uchifunga pamusoro pemhando vanhu vaigara kuSiberia, uye kutaura nyaya nemaonero anthropology, tichaona munhu nzira mashoma ugari. Vamwe marudzi vaibva Central Asia, imwe - kubva kuchamhembe muzvitsuwa uye Alaska. chiduku chikamu chete ndiyo veko.

Chukchi, luoravetlan kana, sezvo vanozvidza, nechitarisiko chakafanana kutaipa Itelmens uye Eskimos uye vane zvinhu zvakafanana Native American. Zvinonzi vachiidza kufunga dzakavapo.

With Russian vakasangana vari nemanomwe remakore, uye makore anopfuura zana vaiva hondo ropa. Somugumisiro, vakanga kusundwa pamusoro Kolyma.

An inokosha wezvokutengeserana pfungwa yakanga Anyui nhare ravarwi apo akazotamira pashure pokuwa Anadyr wakakombwa. Fair munhare ichi aiva turnover mazana ezviuru rubles.

mapoka dzakapfuma pamusoro chukchi - chauchu (poro) - vakauya pano kuti kutengesa matehwe. Chikamu kwevanhu rinonzi ankalyn (Breeders) wechipiri, ivo Vaidzungaira kuchamhembe Chukotka uye akatungamirira nyore kurima.

Huskies

Endoethnonym vanhu ava - the Inuit, uye shoko "eskimo" rinoreva "munhu anodya hove mbishi." Saka vakatumidza vavakidzani vavo madzinza - the American maIndia.

Vanotsvakurudza kuziva vanhu vari "Arctic" rudzi chaiyo. Vari chaizvo kujairana kurarama munzvimbo uye inogarwa zvose pemhenderekedzo kweArctic Ocean kubva Groenlândia Chukotka.

Maererano okuverengwa muna 2002, muRussia nhamba yavo chete anenge maviri nezviviri vanhu. The chikuru Chikamu chokugara munharaunda Canada uye Alaska.

Inuit chitendero - animism uye ngoma vari kakasaririra inoyera mhuri dzose.

Nokuti vanoda zvekumwe vachava zvinonakidza kudzidza pamusoro igunake. Ichi dhishi chaiyo kuti ngozi kwazvo kuti munhu asingatendi kuzvidya kubva pauduku. Kutaura zvazviri, izvi kuorera mazviri nyama vakaurawa nondo kana walrus (chisimbiso), iyo akabata mwedzi mishoma pasi kumanikidzwa kubva mavhu.

Saka, munyaya ino takurukura dzimwe dzavanhu kweSiberia. Kuziva zita ravo chairo, kunyanya kutenda, kurima uye tsika.