Kola Peninsula munhoroondo. The rwizi uye guta Kola Peninsula

kweItari ichi riri nechokuchamhembe yeRussian Federation, ndiko chikamu Murmansk nharaunda. Kubva kuchamhembe kwayo kusukwa paGungwa Barents, uye kumabvazuva uye kumaodzanyemba - White. Kumadokero Muganhu Peninsula - a índico dhishi, izvo pakugadzwa kuna Kola Bay murwizi Kola kuna Kandalaksha Bay.

nharaunda yayo - 100 zviuru mativi makiromita, rwokumusoro pamhenderekedzo pamawere uye yakakwirira, uye kumaodzanyemba - sandarara uye yakaderera-nhema, flat. Nechokumadokero Peninsula dziri massifs - Khibiny uye Lovozero Massif. At payo anosvika muhomba Keivy.

nenzvimbo nzvimbo

The Kola Peninsula anofukidza makumi manomwe kubva muzana Murmansk nharaunda. Riri mune kure kuchamhembe Russia. Zvinenge zvose mundima ayo mukati kweArctic Circle.

okunze

The Kola Peninsula ane siyana chaizvo ekunze. The kwoushamwari North Antlanticheskoe panguva Unodziisa nayo kuchamhembe. Pano okunze ari munyoro kunyunguduka zvomumvura. Kumabvazuva, centre uye kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero kunharaunda kukura Continental - pano okunze ari zvine mwero kuchitonhora. Paavhareji January tembiricha anoda kubva -10 ° C kuchamhembe kuti -18 ° C pakati. Muna July, mhepo iri neshungu kubva +8 Distância à ° C kuti +10 ° C.

Chose chando pabutiro uri mumazuva October okutanga uye anoenda kusvikira pakuguma May (mumakomo, izvi zviri kunonoka kusvikira mid-June). Kakawanda frosts uye rakanaya chando muzhizha. Pamahombekombe kazhinji mhepo simba (kusvika 55 m / s), muchando vanoswerera blizzard - a inozivikanwa.

Relief uye hunhu

Kola Peninsula - a chinjiri nokumipata, nenzvimbo dzakakwirira uye makomo. Arrays kweItari simukai pamusoro pegungwa neinopfuura mazana masere mamita. Anezvimiti uye dzakawanda madhamu vari mumapani.

Madziva vakapfuma siyana mhando hove - uye paliey Sarimoni Rainbow uye whitefish, Pike uye grayling. Washing nzvimbo iri zhinji yamakungwa dzose plaice uye cod, capelin uye Greenland halibut, gakanje uye herring.

Nhoroondo Peninsula

vanachiremba ayo rakakamurwa huru maitikiro mana. First yakatanga vasati vasvika Russian Kola Peninsula. Panguva iyoyo, pane vakararama zvemo vanhu - vaSami. Vakanga vachivhima nondo, bheri sokunhonga, hove. Sami akararama mumatumba pamwe sandara matenga - Tupaj kana mumatende chakaitwa poro ganda - kuvaksah.

Nhoroondo nguva yechipiri kunotanga regumi remakore, nokuuya yokutanga Pomeranian nemisha. Vagari dzavo vaiita chete, uye kuti wechiSami, asi, kusiyana navo, kashoma kubuda kunovhima.

Vaigara mumatumba vanhuwo Russian, asi ane yakatetepa chaizvo mahwindo. Vakanga zvakakodzera kuti vachengete kunonyanyisa kupisa. In mahwindo izvi yakamanikana kuisa zvakasimba akakora echando. Kana inonyunguduka, anoumba rimwe simba chokuita muti.

Chechitatu nhoroondo Nguva Kola Peninsula anogona kunzi ari kurwa nechisimba. Indigenous vanhu kubva kare chaitadzisa vomuNorway. Vane kwenguva refu nguva aiti nyika wechiSami. Vaifanira kuzorwa navo chokudzivirira nharaunda yavo. Nokuti vomuNorway vanoti Peninsula vakava British. Munguva XVII uye XVIII emakore, vakapisa cola - nhare, chakavakwa pamuromo chete rwizi.

Danho chechina munhoroondo Peninsula zvachose nokuda chitarisiko muguta Murmansk. The prospectors yokutanga akazviratidza munzvimbo idzi muna 1912. Nhasi ndiro rakakura kupfuura mamwe ose chengarava riri kweArctic.

Cities Kola Peninsula

The yokugara chokutanga mhenderekedzo-vanogara, yakabuda pamusoro munharaunda ino guta cola, akazviratidza muna 1264. Zvinonzi vanotaurwa zvakanyorwa Simon Van Saling - mutengesi kubva Netherlands iri XVI remakore.

Panguva iyi mhenderekedzo-vanogara vakatanga kushingaira kuchinjanisa pamwe vomuNorway, nyika yeSweden, vokuBritain, ivo vokuDenmark, uyo akauya zvikepe pamusoro Kola Peninsula. City cola akava muzinda. vagari vemo ari mubasa hove, ruminant yehuku uye mombe.

Muna 1814, yokutanga ibwe kuchechi Peninsula yakavakwa pano. Vagari akakurumbira asingatyi kuratidzwa yokurwiswa yeSweden uye British.

Murmansk

Ndicho chikuru guta riri pamusoro kweArctic Kola Peninsula. It rakaumbwa muna October 1916. Pakutanga, rakatumidzwa Romanov-on-Murman. Iri ndiro zita reguta raiva kumusoro April 1917. It iri pamhenderekedzo Kola Bay, 50 chete kubva paGungwa Barents. It akapoteredzwa zvikomo dzakawanda.

nharaunda yayo - 15055 hectares (kusanganisira mvura nzvimbo Kola Bay - 1357 hectares). Guta iri muzvikamu zvitatu administrative maruwa - Oktyabrsky, Leninsky uye Pervomaisky.

Murmansk hazvigoni kunzi rimwe remaguta pakukura nyika yedu, asi kupfuura guta munyika, iri kweArctic Circle.

Muna May 1985, akagamuchira mukuru wenyaya "Hero City", uye muna February 1971 paakavapa sezvakarayirwa Red Banner of Labor.

Apatity

Kola Peninsula, ane mapikicha zvinowanzotaurwa kuonekwa pamapeji mabhuku vafambi pamusoro yavo haana maguta akawanda makuru. Mumwe wavo - Apatity, nenyika pasi yayo hwaHerodhi, izvo zvinosanganisira yemapurisa uye musha Hibiny Tik-Guba.

Guta rakamiswa pakati Lake Imandra uye Khibiny makomo, pamahombekombe White River. Population - 57905 vanhu.

Muna 1916 iri nzvimbo iripo guta yakabuda kuchiteshi, maererano pakuvaka pomugwagwa. Muna 1930 papurazi "Industry" yakarongwa pano.

Bookmark guta kwakaitika muna 1951 uye kuvaka Akademgorodok akatanga makore matatu gare gare. Maererano norufu basa Stalin wakanga wambomiswa kusvikira 1956. Zvadaro, muguta Kirov TPP akatanga kuvaka. Muna 1956 akanga basa muimba yokutanga.

Muna 1966, guta yakashandurwa. Nhengo dzayo vakapinda mumusha muduku.

Chando pamusoro Kola Peninsula

Ndicho wakarebesa mwaka munzvimbo idzi. Winter kunogara kwemwedzi anosvika masere. Muna October, pane chando, uye muna May, Makungwa nenzizi zvichiri icebound. Uye pamwechete yechando Kola Peninsula (mufananidzo uri kuona nyaya yedu) - iri rakasiyana, upenyu hwaAbhigairi hwaizova nyika. Pasinei nokuti tembiricha inogona akadonhedza pazasi 40 madhigirii, kutonhora haana nengetani uye anenge asina vainzwa, nekuda yakaderera nenhanho mwando.

polar usiku

Nokuti kuti Kola Peninsula nechokumusoro kweArctic Circle, munguva kubva mukupera November kusvikira pakuguma January pano anotonga ari polar usiku.

Black denga rakazara nenyeredzi inopenya, magetsi guta, yemagetsi chiedza. Masikati, denga zvishoma kupenya, sokuti nezvishava, rima zvitema uye kunyange rwepingi kwerima guru. Saka muri vaviri maawa pfupi kwasviba. Ipapo denga anodzima zvakare.

chokuchamhembe

Vashoma vagere European chikamu nyika mukana kuona kwechishamiso chinoshamisa ichi kuti inoshongedza Kola Peninsula muchando. Black denga pakarepo maruva ndimi moto noruvara - kubva nezvisungo rwebhuruu-rwegirini. Zvakafanana Laser inoratidza kubva hazvibviri kutarisa kure. Inogona kuchengetwa kubva September kusvika April. Kusvikira zvino Aurora borealis anoonekwa inoshamisa chakajairika, vajaire izvo zvingaita kunyange vagari kweArctic.

Peninsula rwizi

Reservoirs munyika ino kunyanya kudyisa mvura uchanyangadika (kusvika 60% of chekubuda). Kola Peninsula nzizi azara nemvura 2 months yegore (May-June), uye ipapo yekudyidzana kukura shoma. Mvura pamwero mavari zvikurukuru novimba mvura yezhizha.

Length dzinopfuura zviuru 50. Km. Vanopinda bheseni maviri mumakungwa kuchamhembe - the Barents uye White. Vamwe vavo anopfuura 200 km - Varzuga Ponoy, Tuloma. Anogara 70% of zvachose bheseni nzvimbo Murmansk nharaunda. Anenge nzizi dzose vane índico aibuda gwara, latitudinal ndima anosiyana chete rwizi Ponoy.

Vazhinji murwizi (niva, Crow, Umba, etc.) zvinobviswa huru madhamu. Mvura kazhinji greenish-mutema uye yakajeka. Munguva mafashamu erwizi kutakura yakawanda silt, jecha, mashizha akafa. Kola Peninsula vane refu Ndinoda-up - 7 months, aizi pakavha runogara mazuva 210 pagore. The nenzizi May.

tangi

On nzizi Tuloma, niva, Kovda, rarira vari hydropower miti uye kuvakwa reservoirs. Kusiyana pachena wokumaodzanyemba nzizi, kuchamhembe nokuda kutonhora mvura Mangondo kune chando mwaka pasi akaumba chando.

Nzizi of Kola Peninsula vanokamurwa muzvikwata zvina:

• poluravninnye (Varzuga Ponoy, Strel'na);
• ANOPA rwizi (Varzina, niva, Kolvica);
• nyanza mhando (Umba, Drozdovka, Rynda);
• gomo mhando (Kuhn kudzika White).

hove

Kola Peninsula nhasi rimwe dzinonakidza kwazvo nzvimbo connoisseurs vechokwadi rokuredza Rainbow uye Sarimoni. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa munyika yose sezvo nzvimbo yakanakisisa mha "hove vanokudzwa." Conventionally River Peninsula vabati vehove akakamurwa avo kuti kuwira inotonhora Sea Barents, uye vaya vanouratidza mvura yavo White.

Kuredza Hove Kola Peninsula zvinofadza kwete chete nokuda beginners asiwo vanoda basa iri ne ruzivo. Muna July, muna Peninsula erwizi kunouya vazhinji kwete chaizvo guru Sarimoni - "Tindi" uye muna August nemombe rine svikiro kadikidiki Sarimoni.

Nyika ino utsinye avasakadza vanogara reservoirs. Vakawanda nzizi hazvina grayling pano kuti kutsiva iye anouya arctic kwaIsakari uye whitefish.

Rainbow pano inokura kuti yakasimba chaizvo mashanu, uye dzimwe nguva semikilogrammovyh hukuru uye Rainbow pe2 makirogiramu.

The yakakurumbira rwizi, entailing vabati vehove vaibva zvose pamusoro nyika uye kubva ichienda Kola Peninsula (Russia), vachirondedzera nechokumusoro pamahombekombe, ndiye Jokanga, cola, Rynda, Kharlovka, Varzina, East Face. It rakarongwa yakanakisisa hove Kola Peninsula youtsinye.

rwizi Kharlovka

rwizi urwu zvinoshamisa Zvinozivikanwa kuti ruzivo vanatenzi Sarimoni hove. Uyezve, pano kazhinji kuuya vafambi vanokoshesa yemaguta hunhu yokuchamhembe. Vari nokukwezvwa wakanaka mapopoma. Huge pavazhinjisa mvura kungatungamirira usingatsananguriki rinofadza munhu kanenge kamwe kuona kwechishamiso ichi chinoshamisa.

Kharlovka kuzivikanwa kunyanya Sarimoni guru uye vanenge huru shava Rainbow. Zvisinei, kupfuura nomunyika mapopoma Rwako vanogona hove chete zvakakodzera mvura pamwero murwizi. Dzimwe nguva vabati vehove hove kukanda uye uone Sarimoni kuedza kukurira chipingamupinyi ichi. The chena furo mvura hove vachisvetuka kubva mumvura. In yokumusoro chikamu pane zvakasikwa mapopoma ndiro zvinogona kubata muitiro pamusoro firimu. Vagari Kola Peninsula vagara haashamisi rakasiyana footage rehove huru yakaita nhunzi kupinda kamera izvo.

In Kharlovka zvakaisvonaka hove, wadii chete kuuya pano rybolovy- "savages", asi kuronga yepamusoro asingandirayiridzi Tours.

bhero

rwizi urwu chinokwezva dzakaunganidzwa hove huru uye runako. Three zvikuru multistage mapopoma, guru uwandu gungwa Rainbow uye Sarimoni kuti nzvimbo iyi anokwezva zvikuru.

Kuredza Hove Kola Peninsula iri bhero rwizi ine zvakawanda vachivakuza. Vamwe vavo vauye kunzvimbo idzi dziri nzendo hove kwemakore 17-18.

Terek Beach

River, riri kurutivi rwezasi kumahombekombe Terek dzakakurumbira zvikuru zvakawanda anglers rose.

Izvi rwizi yakaisvonaka Umba, uye Mangondo Razdolnaya Varzuga rechibharo, Kica uye Pan inogarwa vakawanda mapoka Sarimoni, uye anozivikanwa Terek rwizi Strelna Chapoma, Chavanga, Pyalitsa.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti ari Terek rwizi pamahombekombe ane zvakawanda mazita hove mupenyu. Vanoenda pamusoro zviri kukonzera shoals Sarimoni, Sarimoni, gungwa Rainbow.

In nzizi idzi dzose kurarama rukova Rainbow, mashava Rainbow, grayling, whitefish.

Of kabhu marudzi vari roach, Ide. A zvikara akauya knot, Pike, burbot.