Road Roman: tsananguro, nhoroondo, maitiro uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Ancient Roman mugwagwa akafukidza kwete Roma, asiwo ake guru. Ivo vokutanga akaonekwa Italy, uye ipapo kuvakwa ravo kuitwa akasiyana kuEurope, Asia uye Africa. Chiripo samambure Links chero umambo. Pakutanga zvakanga chinangwa kuvinga muchiuto, asi munguva yorugare rafambira dzaitakura uye mapoka, chakanga zvikuru yose vanhu. mugwagwa Ancient kushandiswa emakore akawanda, kunyange pashure kuwa roumambo kukuru.

Monument yekare

Unique nokuti nguva yaro, unhu migwagwa yeRoma waiva mugumisiro wehurumende pokudzora kuvakwa yavo. Nechekare gumi Tables (kungova V remakore BC. E.) Zvaikosha pakutsvaga rimwe yakafara nenzira uye vanosungirwa vanhu vaigara pedyo navo, kusvikira fenzi runofarira dzavo.

Mumwe Roman mugwagwa ibwe zambuko, saka zvaiva nyore kuti vafambi uye namabhiza. Kokutanga unyanzvi ino rokuvaka akarwawo aongororwe Appiy Klavdy ari CEC. On mirairo yake pakuguma IV remakore BC. e. Zvakange akavaka mugwagwa pakati kuCapua uye Roma. Pakazosvika nguva apo Republic ava Empire, yose kweItari akanga akafukidza ichi chinokosha senga Network.

Unonzi Appian Way akagadza kubatana pakati Roma chaiwo uye mhiri kwemakungwa nyika, uyo akazova enyika hwacho: Greece, Asia Minor, Ijipiti. Nhasi, pamwe zvakasara huru yekare, yaiva zvakasiyana-siyana Zvivako zvekare. Ichi revatongi Villa, anoshandiswa navaJudha uye vaKristu catacombs. Pawo kukwira Ages masvingo uye shongwe, uyewo pakuvaka Italian Renaissance.

Simuka uye Fall

Ose idzva mugwagwa Roman inowana zita rayo kubva aongororwe, pazviri yakavakirwa, kana zita mudunhu. Mabhiriji chete nzira idzo dzaiva munzvimbo dzomumaguta nzvimbo kana kumucheto kwayo. Vamwe nemambure rakanga norukangarabwe, jecha uye mavhu - zvinhu zvinogadzirwa munyika chaiyo muhunza.

At pamusoro simba yekare hweRoma Road aiva kureba zvinosvika zvuru 100 makiromita. Zviri ngaaongwe kwavari kuti hurumende inowana zvinokosha zveminda kubva womukati munyika kutengeserana. With kuwedzera zveupfumi akanga akatakurwa kunze vatengesi. zvigadzirwa Mediterranean vava rwakabatwa avo munharaunda kuti murege kunyange kufunga nezvazvo. Ancient Roman Road akabatsira kutakura zvakafanana katsi waini uye Numidian bota.

Muzana III remakore umambo zvakanga pasi kurwiswa madzinza akawanda fuza. Uto First muHedheni vakapamba pamuganhu kumatunhu chete. Zvisinei, kana simba madzimambo simba mhirizhonga vakatanga munhumbi kunyange Itaria. Chero mugwagwa Roman kuti hawo, akwanise vaGiriki kunopamba, sezvo panguva yakafanira achishandisa mauto Latin. Apo umambo yakadhirika, kuvakwa itsva nzira yekupedza. The "umambo fuza" Middle Ages zhinji ouinjiniya muzvivako mangwanani Roman yakasiyiwa uye akanganwa.

mazano yekare

MuRoma maiva mamiriro hofisi chinokosha pachivakwa. vanhu ava vaiita chokuguma nzira enzira ramangwana. Kuti zviite basa rakadaro vaishandisa rinokosha Ezvemutauro. Pakati pavo paiva refu mutsetse, kufanana goniometers, mativi diopters vaifanira kuziva kureba uye inogara.

The mugwagwa inopfuura nomunyika matombo, dzakavakwa aine kuderedzwa kutsvetera kunyaradzwa uye kuchengeteka nevafambi. Cornering njanji akava vakwanise. Izvi zvakaitwa kuitira kuti vanozviwana kutarisana mumwe zvingoro vakakwanisa kurega pasina chiitiko.

kuvaka mberi

Mumwe mugwagwa Roman kunotanga yokuti panzvimbo yayo kutema yose chirimwa upi shrub. Mushure geodetic Masvomhu uye kuyerwa kuti tara kumusoro. Izvi zvakateverwa akagadzira, iro rinoitwa mainjiniya. The kuvaka aisanganisira varanda, vasungwa kana mauto. Pakati pavo paiva navavaki avo akatema dzinokosha mahwendefa vari kuiswa nheyo mugwagwa.

Kuvakwa yakaitwa musi akasiyana zvikamu dzinongoda chinhambwe kubva mumwe panguva imwe chete. Mugwagwa kwaisanganisira anoverengeka akaturikidzana uye saka zvishoma mvura yaro yakaita rusvingo pamusoro sandarara nomunzvimbo dzine. Kana nzira akamhanya kuburikidza zvikomo, vashandi vaigona kuvaka anokosha embankments uye inoerera. Chakagadzirwa kwakadzikira uye dzegirini zvinobatsira kuti zvokufambisa tsinga kumeso uye dzakanaka. With nokutyisidzirwa mvura muvhu migwagwa yekare Roman vakanga vakapakata zvokushandisa.

Fundam kwaisanganisira atoronga ibwe zvinogumbura. Gap therebetween uri nyore abudise system (uyewo vakapukunyuka kubudisa inoerera mumigwagwa). Next paiva jecha kana mavhu zvave zvakakodzera kuti kunangiswa pemvura. Zvinonzi avete pamusoro penyika kana madota vaifanira kugadzira padandemutande softness. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mugwagwa aigona kukamurwa kuva nzira mbiri. Mumwe yakanyorerwa mabhiza, mumwe - munofamba nevanhu. Pakanzi kwakadaro kwave zvikuru kubatsira kana dzikashandiswa mauto zvinodhura.

Mail kuti nedziviriro

MuRoma yekare, paiva nguva yakakwana yokuti paishandiswa basa. Vatakuri, vakanakidzwa nomumbure migwagwa, rakakurumidza nhau uye mashoko ari kupfuura dzakasiyana zvikamu guru. Masikati vaigona kukurira nzira 75 makiromita, iyo Zvaifadza budiriro nokuda vekare. Kazhinji, nhume akatasva ngoro pamuromo akatakura mabhokisi ari. Kana shoko iri kukurumidza, mushandi mabha- vaigona kutakurwa yoga mabhiza.

Kutara ake mamiriro dzaitakura vaipfeka heti chaiyo chedebwe. basa ravo rakanga nengozi nokuti vafambi vaigona kundorwa makororo. Mumigwagwa dzakavakwa murindi mbiru. Military vakatarisa motokari mumugwagwa. Vamwe misasa zvishoma nezvishoma akawedzera simba uye kunyange maguta.

Pubs uye emabhawa

Long-rokuti kufamba kuita pasina zororo. Kuti izvi zvidaro, ruzhinji vavaki Akamisa usiku chechitima. Vakanga yaiva anenge 15 chete kubva mumwe. Kunewo mabhiza achinja. Kunyange yamunenge, asi vashoma vaiva mahotera uye mumaresitorendi. Ivo Vafambi vaigona kutenga inobatsira nzira zvinhu vanotengeswa kuva mupfuri kana muteresi.

Vamwe tavernas (kunyanya kure enyika) ainakidzwa mukurumbira wakaipa. Zvadaro, vafambi aigona panorara veko. Zvinozivikanwa kuti tsika kwakapararira vaeni zvakapfuudzwa munzanga Roman. Kunze mahotera vaigona kuwana matura uye dzokuchengetera mumigwagwa. Vakamhanya basa rinokosha, ndiye nerubatsiro zvokudya mumaguta.

mabhiriji

Sezvo yakakurumbira Roman mugwagwa (unonzi Appian, zvichitungamirira kubva guru kuna kuCapua), rinenge dzimwe nzira dzose dzakavakwa mberi akananga. Vavaki vaidzivisa anezvimiti. Kana nzira vakatevera Rwizi vagadziri vakaedza kuwana zambuko. Zvisinei, mazambuko Roman uye zvakasiyana quality, uye vamwe vavo (sezvo Trajanov zambuko pamusoro Danube) kunyange vakapona.

Munguva yehondo, zviremera aigona zvakananga kuuraya kuyambuka rwizi kudzivisa muvengi dawo vanyura umambo. Asi kunyange iyi kuramba kutsigirwa chete, uye gare gare mazambuko nokukurumidza rakadzorerwa. A maitiro chinoratidza mamiriro avo maberere. Wooden mabhiriji vakanyanya kusimba kupfuura, asi isingadhuri.

Vamwe achiyambuka siyana Mix mazano. Support chingava ibwe, uye flooring - huni. Izvi kwaiva bhiriji mushori, iri pamuganhu Empire muGermany. Zvinokosha kuti nhasi muguta German yakaramba chete rekare ibwe zvitsigiso. Kukunda zvakare yakafara nzizi vaishandisa pagadzirwe mabhiriji. Paivawo tsika kuronga chikepe.

Card ane antiikki mugwagwa Network

Paitonga Kesari Caracalla pakutanga pakati III remakore rakaitwa avaiita Antoninus - bhuku-indekisi, rave dzakanyorwa kwete chete migwagwa muumambo hwacho, asi avo kure, uyewo mamwe zvinonakidza mashoko. Sezvo kuvakwa Migwagwa yeRoma akaramba mumakore akatevera, kuunganidzwa kwemari zvakakopwa uye vaisanganisa kakawanda.

Vazhinji zvenhaka mepu Kwapera kwemazana emakore akaramba yemamongi mumaraibhurari yose Western Europe. Muzana XIII remakore risingazivikanwi munyori akaita parchment kopi yekare gwaro. The kwebhokisi unonzi tabula peutingeriana. 11-peji mupumburu inomiririra yose hweRoma uye ayo richikurukura mumigwagwa pamusoro wake ukuru.

Hapana mubvunzo kuti dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana vakashumira vekare vanhu zivo pamusoro nyika izere zvakavanzika. The akakurumbira tafura akapoteredza mumigwagwa zvakanyorwa mazita amarudzi siyana vanogara huru penzvimbo Africa kuEngland, uye kubva kuIndia kusvika Atlantic Ocean.

paruzhinji migwagwa

Pane zvakawanda manyuko mavakiro chomugwagwa weRoma. Avo, Somuenzaniso, mabasa Sicula flake - akakurumbira yekare nyika pachivakwa. The Empire Road muzvikamu zvitatu marudzi. Chokutanga anonzi voruzhinji, kana vomuMuzinda. nzira izvi kwakabatana zvikuru uye inokosha guta.

Public Migwagwa aiva makubhiti 12 metres, dzakavakwa pamusoro pehurumende muchivigiro mari. Mari kuvaka dzimwe nguva vasataure kwekanguva mitero yavo. Muchiitiko chino, nemitero yaitarirwa guta, vaiva mumigwagwa hweRoma. Dzimwe nguva uye kuti nzira vakayambuka nyika enzvimbo makuru uye akapfuma varidzi (semuenzaniso, vanokudzwa). Zvadaro, vagari ava munoterawo. At yavose nzira vaiva vatarisiri - machinda, vakatevera kanivhasi wehurumende uye anokonzera kugadziriswa kwayo.

Tsvina uye pasiri migwagwa

Kubva yavose mugwagwa mapazi nyika migwagwa (wechipiri mhando, maererano yekare kupatsanura). nzira izvi chokuita nebudiriro dzakapoterera misha. Ivo chakaita kuti unorema Imperial zvifambiso Network. upamhi wavo akaenzana 3-4 mamita.

Wechitatu mhando zvinosanganisira migwagwa private. Vari nemari uye anazvo ne munhu vanhu. Kazhinji, migwagwa yakadaro Makavakwa kubva vapfumi matunhu uye adjoined rwakafanana network. Ivo vakabatsira vairemekedzwa vakapfuma kukurumidza kusvika guru pachavo dzimba dzavo.