Equipment, zvombo uye kurwa nesimba Japanese Air Force: Dzekare Nedzazvino

Remakore rechimakumi maviri aiva nguva zvakasimba kusimudzira zvechiuto avhiyesheni munyika dzakawanda dzeEurope. Mhaka Air Force akanga kudiwa States kuti mhepo uye chombo kudzivirirwa zvoupfumi uye enyika nzvimbo. Kukura kuhondo ndege akanga acherechedza kwete chete Europe. The remakore rechimakumi maviri - nguva kuwedzera simba weJapanese Air Force, iyo hurumende aida vazvidzivirire, iyo inokosha uye anokosha ehurumende zvivako.

Ayakaita? Japan mumakore 1891-1910

Muna 1891, kutanga kubhururuka michina Japan vakanga kwakatangwa. Ndivo mienzaniso uchishandisa rabha Motors. Nokufamba kwenguva, zvakanga akasikwa ndege zvikuru, apo mamiriro aiva nemotokari uye Hwokutengesa hwindimiri. Asi chigadzirwa ichi ndicho Japanese Air Force akanga asingafariri. Aviation kuberekwa yakaitika muna 1910, pashure kuzviwanira ndege "Farman" uye "Grande".

1914. Wokutanga dogfight

Yokutanga kuedza kushandisa Japanese ndege yemauto dzakaitwa muna September 1914. Panguva iyoyo hondo nokunobuda zuva, pamwe Britain uye France vaishora vokuGermany rimire munharaunda China. A gore asati zviitiko izvi vokuJapan Air Force chokurovedza zvinangwa vawana maviri ndege kaviri "Nieuport Ng" uye mumwe nekatatu "Nieuport ari NM" 1910 kusunungurwa. Nokukurumidza aviaedinitsy izvi zvave kurwa. Japan kuti mhepo simba muna 1913, asati yakanga ndege ina "Farman", iro rakagadzirirwa ushori. Nokufamba kwenguva, vakatanga kushandiswa nokuda kushandiswa mhepo rinopamura pamusoro muvengi.

Muna 1914, simba mhepo yokuGermany kuitwa kurwiswa zvikepe Tsingatao. Germany panguva iyoyo kushandisa imwe ndege yake yakanakisisa michina - "Taub". Nokufamba kwedanidziro iyi ndege Air Force Japanese akaita 86 sorties uye rakadonha 44 mabhomba.

makore 1916-1930. The mabasa mukugadzira makambani

Panguva iyoyo, makambani Japanese "Kawasaki", "Nakajima" uye "Mitsubishi" vari kunze kukudziridza rakasiyana ichibhururuka chikepe "Yokoso". Kubvira 1916, vagadziri Japanese ndakasika mazano akanakisisa mienzaniso ndege kuGermany, France neEngland. mamiriro ezvinhu aya kwemakore gumi nemashanu. Kubvira 1930, makambani kutanga kugadzira ndege kuti Air Force kuJapan. Nhasi, muchiuto weHurumende ichi vari pakati mauto gumi simba kupfuura munyika.

zvemumba kuitika

Pakazosvika 1936, "Kawasaki" Japanese kugadzira makambani, "Nakajima" uye "Mitsubishi" wokutanga ndege zvakavakwa. MuJapan Air Force akanga atova mapatya-injini bhomba mumhuri kugadzirwa G3M1 uye Ki-21 ushori ndege Ki-15 murwi A5M1. Muna 1937, kurwisana pakati Japan uye China kwakamuka zvakare. Izvi zvakaguma privatization kuti muJapan huru maindasitiri mabhizimisi uye kudzorera hurumende vadzore pavo.

Japan kuti mhepo simba. murayiro

Musoro dzedenga mauto Japan ndiyo dzimbabwe guru. Command ari pasi pake:

• rwisana rutsigiro;
• avhiyesheni;
• kutaurirana;
• nokudzidziswa;
• boka kuchengeteka;
• bvunzo;
• chipatara;
• Japan Air Force counterintelligence dhipatimendi.

Battle of Air Force akapa kurwa, kurovedza, nezvifambiso uye anokosha ndege uye helicopters.

Command Structure ndege isati World

Kwenguva refu muchiuto of Empire kweJapan vaiva vaviri vasingatungamirirwi nemumwe muchiuto kwezvivako - the Army uye Navy. Guide kutanga kutsvaka kuva zviyero zvavo pasi murayiro avhiyesheni pakufamba kwavo zvinhu. Kuti asike vatakuri akadaro Takinava mune munitions fekitari "Arsenal №1" rweberere kunyika mauto, nani uye reworked huripo mutakurwi uye nezvikepe zvavatengesi. Ndivo ebetsero nzira yokufambisa uye anoshandiswa nevakawanda kutakura vashandi uye warrior pasi nemauto. On nharaunda fekitari ichi yaiva Banga kwezvivako unokubvumira kuona wokushamisira ndege.

Hondo Yenyika I isati hondo avhiyesheni Japan racho chikuru reuto - mhepo bhurigedhi of Army. Chaiva squadrons (kwavatumwa). Rimwe nerimwe rine ndege gumi. Izvi, motokari nhatu kungova chengetedza. Chete nhamba vaiva mumwe vang mutsetse Aviation Authority (LA) uye aiva pasi kuna General Staff. Mumwe dzechikwata yakanyorerwa imwe basa: ushori, murwi uye legkobombardirovochnyh mabasa ose weJapanese Air Force. Ushori michina uye zvombo regiments akaverengwa 30 inokwana zviyero murwi - 45. Specialised aviagroup kuumbwa kupatsanurana, izvo zvakandibatsira airfields dzavo, Trims. Vakanga wakachengetwa Army Aviation Corps. I kushandisa pavo vatariri vari chinzvimbo haana kudzika pane mukuru.

nokubatanidzwazve

Muna 1942, vakanga yakapedza Army Aviation Corps. Chete weboka, izvo pamwe zvikamu regiments ndiwo mukuru murayiro Task mamiriro. Before Hondo Yenyika II, ndege zvose Japanese akanga asiri vakaparadzana revarwi mhando, uye akanga akaisa kuna Navy uye mauto yamambo. Akanga nokukurumidza kurongwazve hondo avhiyesheni zviyero, zvichiguma ane sangano, kana regiments (AA), kuva operative uye zvine urongwa chechetere:

• First Air Army (BA) pamwe chawo munharaunda Kanto uye dzimbahwe muTokyo. Danae hondo Japanese aidzora uye Kurile Islands, Korea, Taiwan.
• BA Second rimire Xinjing. Area basa raiva Manchukuo.
• Third VA nyika mauto mutariri kuSoutheast nharaunda Asian. Dzimbahwe rakanga rimire Singapore.
• Wechina BA pehurumende New Guinea, uye Solomon Islands. Dzimbahwe riri mu Rabaul.
• Fifth VA aiva nzvimbo basa mukati vakatora kumaodzanyemba uye kumabvazuva nzvimbo China. Headquarters - muguta Nanjing.
• Wechitanhatu VA akanga dzimbahwe rayo pachitsuwa Kyushu. Kudzorwa ndima - chitsuwa Okinawa, Taiwan nokumadokero Japan.

"Kamikaze" Air Japan

Nhoroondo shoko iri kunosvika muna 1944. Panguva iyoyo, Japan akaita nokubatanidzwazve avhiyesheni. Pahwaro aripo avhiyesheni regiments akarayira Japanese ngoma anokosha dzakabatana dzakaumbwa. Vaiva dzechikwata kuti Ndege uye zvitupa vaizivikanwa se dzechikwata "Kamikaze". basa ravo rakanga kuparadzwa bhomba vamapoka kuUnited States Air Force B-17 uye B-29 mumuviri. Sezvo kwayo basa Japanese ngoma Special Section Kwaiitirwa kushandisa gondohwe kurova mundege yavo vasina zvombo.

Yokugadzira vezvikwata dzakadaro kwese ndege fuselage Kusimbaradza kunowedzera. Munhoroondo yose dzedenga mauto Japan chakatangwa anopfuura 160 ngoma pakati avhiyesheni chaiyo dzakabatana. Izvi, 57 dzisingadi pachishandiswa kudzidzisa mhepo mapoka.

Muna 1945, kuvhiyiwa akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze "Ketsu-enda" kuchengetedza muzvitsuwa Japan nendege ehondo United States. Somugumisiro ari nokubatanidzwazve nemauto vose kubatanidzwa mugomba chete chivakwa achitungamirirwa General Aviation M. Kavabe.

multipurpose womuenzaniso

Pakati siyana muhondo avhiyesheni ndege nayo chatinokoshesa Mitsubishi F-2. Japan Air Force, nokuti raakanga akagadzira, akashandisa muenzaniso uyu sezvo dzidziso uye kurovedzwa, uyewo murwi-bhomba. The ndege anoonekwa kuva muteveri yapfuura maloudachnyh musiyano wezvinyorwa F-1, iro vakasikwa eJapan mugadziri "Mitsubishi". Nezvayakaipira, vaiva F-1 ndechokuti muenzaniso uyu akasunungurwa pamwe kukwana siyana uye diki yetsiva mutoro. Kana afunge muenzaniso itsva F-2 vagadziri Japanese, Developers vaiva pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu American chirongwa "Edzhayn Falcon". Pasinei nokuti vanowanika F-2 ndiyo nemaziso nowenyika kwayo kumumvuri - the American muenzaniso F-16, zviri nezvenzvimbo itsva kugadzirwa Japanese, nekuti ine vamwe kusiyana:

• Kushandiswa akasiyana zvokuvakisa. In kugadzirwa ari muenzaniso Japanese kunoratidzwa kushandiswa kwakapararira yepamusoro zvinoumba zvinhu, izvo yekudyidzana zvakakanganisa kuderera kurema airframe.
• Ndege Design F-2 yakasiyana kubva F-16.
• Various pamusoro-bhodhi enyika.
• Kusiyana pachipfuva.
• F-2 uye ayo kumumvuri anoshandisa Electronics siyana.

Pamasikiro Japanese ndege F-2 anoenzanisa zvakanaka chete zvikabva nokuda kwayo nyore, kuderedza uye kukwanisa kuchinja.

wokuenzanisira B6N1

Air Force kweJapan muHondo Yenyika II akashandisa imwe yake yakanakisisa-uriri Avangard Ndege B6N1 ( "Tendzan"). Kuvamba Serial vazvo kuti ndege iyi yakatanga muna 1943. Pakazopera matsutso rakavakwa 133 ndege. Yokutanga mimwe vakagamuchira dzechikwata, yaisanganisira vatakuri ndege: 601 vakasuwa 652 vakasuwa uye 653 ndipo. Sezvo paiva nengozi chaiyo kubva US Air Force chitsuwa Bougainville, utungamiriri Japan avhiyesheni, kwakasarudzwa kuti uchatamisa mana B6N1 dzakabatana muna Rabaul. Muna November, pamwe kutora chikamu muenzaniso uyu, wokutanga mhepo muhondo akarasika. Rakanga wakapindwa 16 nezvombo "Tendzanov". Ava, eJapan Air Force akarasikirwa mana. Anotevera maviri sorties dzakanga isashande.

patani B6N1

• "Tendzan" humburumbira injini vakapakata mhepo kutonhora.
• Engine "Mamoru" iri nangananga nokuda 1800 l / s.
• The midziyo rwisana ndege aimiririra okumusoro kugadzwa maviri 27.7 mm caliber pfuti.
• B6N1 bhomba mutoro dzaona pa 800 makirogiramu. Izvi zvinosanganisira Avangard (1pc) uye mabhomba.
• Passenger vanokwanisa - vanhu vatatu.

Hondo nokuti Mariana Islands

Muna June 1944, Japan Air Force akashandisa uriri "Tendzan" muhondo pedyo Mariana Islands. Total 68 muzvikamu vakatora chikamu. B6N1 wokuenzanisira muhondo iyi akashanda Avangard-Ndege uye vatungamiriri radar - vaiva murwi nokuda percussion mapoka yekuverengera ndege Japanese. hondo iyi Japan uye ndege yayo akarasika. Pakati 68 mativi shure kutsigira sere chete hwaro.

Pashure Hondo Marianas Japanese utungamiri avhiyesheni, kwakasarudzwa kuti muenzaniso ndege kushandisa chete pedyo nemhenderekedzo chawo.

Pavanotaurirana of USSR

Ndege "Tendzan" muhondo kuti Okinawa akashandiswa sezvo Ndege uye kamikaze mota. B6N1 ndege akanga akashongedzerwa rinokosha radar. Naizvozvo Japan Aviation murayiro wakapiwa muenzaniso akanzi 93-M kokutai (Air Group), yakaitwa Anti-yepasi pemvura patrol. "Tendzany" akazopinda'wo kokutai 553rd. Japan Air Group Air Force raiva 13 mota kuti akatora mugove hondo pamwe ndege yeSoviet Union.

Pasinei zvakwakanakira zvekushandisa parameters, eJapan "Tendzany" ane kuvamirira, iyo yaisanganisira murombo kusarudza injini. Izvi zvainonotsa muitiro B6N1 okusuma kupinda kugadzirwa. Somugumisiro, rakapa muenzaniso yekudyidzana lagged seri ndege muvengi.

Japanese mhepo rengarava

Muna 1975, ivo vashandi dzedenga rehondo Japan raiva 45 zviuru vanhu. Combat zvikepe yakanga 500 dzakabatana. Izvi, 60 ndezvaJehovha varwi michina F-4EJ, 170 inokwana zviyero F10- 4J uye 250 F-86F. Kushandiswa ubanguranyika womuenzaniso RF-4E uye RF-86F (20 muzvikamu). MuJapan Air kutakura zvinhu uye akuvadzwa akanga akapa 35 avhiyesheni michina uye helicopters 20 150 PU Zuri Hajk-J. In chikoro chirimo, paiva 350 ndege. Nokuti nekutumirwa kwemauto panguva dzinoshandiswa Japanese mhepo murayiro wakanga 15 airbases uye airfields.

Muna 2012, nhamba yevashandi shoma kubva 45 000 kusvika 43 700. Sezvineiwo kwakawedzera rengarava (200 muzvikamu).

MuJapan Air Force nhasi ane 700 zviyero, kusanganisira:

• 260 - uye tactical varwi multi-basa;
• 200 - stormtroopers uye dzidzo kurovedzwa womuenzaniso;
• 17 - AWACS ndege;
• 7 - womuenzaniso akatakura redhiyo njere;
• 4 - Strategic ngarava;
• 44 - nemauto-senga michina.

Defense urongwa

Kuderedza nhamba yevashandi pakuwedzerwa kurwa ndege rengarava dzinoratidza dzidziso dzedenga mauto Japan haisi pamusoro uremu uye matambudziko pfungwa. Maererano zano itsva nokuda azvidzivirire, Air Force havazowandi simba kuzvidzivirira, uye achaita suduruka dzechikwata wayo nokutarisa navo pamusoro sokuronga nyore munzvimbo. Imwe yenzvimbo idzi ndiwo chitsuwa Ryuko. Danho rechipiri iri Air Command mabasa Muchawana wechishanu-chizvarwa murwi ndege.