Nhoroondo vhiri, ayo zvisikwa uye kukura

Zvaizoratidza sokuti nyore kubudirira kudaro - nokugadzirwa vhiri, uye asi zvikuru. First vhiri mukuru inowanikwa Mesopotamia, Hungary, Central Asia uye steppes of Don uye Dnieper.

History of vhiri: pakutanga

Zviri kuziva chaizvo kuti vhiri haana yakambogadzirirwei vanhu kana vachiri vakadzungaira. Kana anongofamba nzira youpenyu, vakanga zvose zvake nokuda pachako. The vhiri yagadzirwa vakati vakagara pane imwe nzvimbo. Ndakagara vanhu vakatanga ruminant purazi: Vadzvare minda, ruminant zvipfuwo, kuvaka misha diki uye makuru uye maguta.

Zvakatanga kuva kutengeserana zviyo, ibwe, matanda nezvakadaro. Zvino ichi ndicho chinhambwe chikuru kuti anofanira kukurira zvikuru uye mutoro. Pano pakanga pfungwa nyore ichi.

Sei munguva dzekare pfungwa akauya mupfungwa? Nhoroondo vhiri riri inonakidza zvikuru.

Vanhu vari kuramba kushanda kubvisa uye vakatema matanda uye vakawana kuti vanogona vaikungurutsa, zvishoma zvinobatsira.

Pfungwa rakasikwa munhu mhikuriso

Uye apo Cro-Magnons tega asi uye mhikuriso. Kubvira nhoroondo michina yacho vhiri ratanga.

Izvi zvakaitika sei? Nokuda vachisundira padded katanda pasi nerogi, zvakanga Vaiumburuka. Pashure kudzvanya nayo vaikungurutsa kunyange mberi. Ipapo vakatanga kushandisa zvakawanda pamusoro zvireruke mhando iyi, kuburikidza icho zvaibvira kufamba vakawanda matanda.

Zvino pfungwa huru - kupfeka tikaisa matanda Tsanga yacho yaichekwa kune rimwe matanda, uye rwuchipeterwa pamwe navo.

Saka, fume pfungwa kuti matanda vari zvifambiswe vari pachavo aigona kuva se "chokufambisa" kana mumwe mhiri pamusoro kuisa matanda. MuIjipiti yekare Saka akatama pezvemakuriro zvisingafungidziriki ibwe chifananidzo. Nhoroondo Nezvekwakabva vhiri kuramba kuwedzera zvinonakidza zvinhu.

Humwe kuvandudzika pakati mabikirwo nenhumbi rwokufamba

The nzira yacho levers zvakanga zvisakafanira chaizvo: vavakidzani kuti levers pakati matanda nguva asunungurwa kubva pasi mutoro, uye ivo nguva dzose vaiva namaoko edu kutakura mberi uye akaisa pedyo vachiri pasi rokumusoro matanda. Pane kudiwa kuti dzibve.

Zvakaguma zvakada zvingoro kufanana. Akanga tsika uye dziine tsvina, dzisingatarisiki. Asi akariisa pamusoro nhumbi kuzununguswa. Yakaramba chete kushingirira zvakaoma pamusoro levers. On nani wenhumbi kwakadaro akatakurwa uye dzimwe mitoro, masaga vane zviyo, namabwe, etc.

mamiriro ichi aigona chete ndikungurusirei pamusoro sandara penyika. chipingamupinyi chero muchimiro ibwe mumugwagwa nyore kuparadza mamiriro ichi. Zvino kwakange pfungwa kusimbisa matanda pamwe (zvidimbu 10), batanidza pasi ane maviri maviri mvere-akavezwa matanda, uye pakati izvi ndizvo wechitatu - a kumeso, dhayamita guru uye wakasununguka.

Saka paiva ngoro panzvimbo Rink. Akatamira kwazvo uye asina kusunda ake, zvakanga zvakakwana kuti kutambidza nesimba. Izvi kwaiva kumumvuri vhiri.

Nhoroondo kukura vhiri riri rebei. Asati aripo michina anogadziriswa vazhinji zvenguva vhiri matambudziko.

Improvement pakufamba nokuda senga kwenhumbi

First abviswa ngoro logs zvose mbiri, vachisiya maviri chete rollers. Vari ipapo richengetwe pangoro yemhangura zvinodyiwa, asi kuitira kuti ivo tenderera. Yakanga nemhinganidzo yakakura: yakasiyana ukobvu panguva dzakasiyana micheto matanda kwakaita kuti pakona mungoro kusvikira kurutivi.

Zvino zvakanga ambopupura kuti ngoro, pasi izvo chando Rink yakanga wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose ari pakati kupfuura panguva micheto, kufamba zvakaenzana. ngoro ichi uye achisunda akananga zviduku. Zvadaro, vakatanga kuti chinotenderera rabva maviri chete rollers kumativi yose nerogi, uye pakati pavo - nhete danda. Zvadaro, mekuparadzanisa rollers kubva danda, ndakawana vhiri.

Nhoroondo panowanikwa vhiri sezvo kare akapedza hwokugadzira zvivako kuti kufamba kwenhumbi uye zvuva akatanga kusvika kubva iyoyo.

Yokutanga vhiri rwakavatambudza zvikuru. It kwakawanikwa kunyange ngoro anyatsonzwisisa mavhiri akavezwa kubva guru muti hunde (rekare Indian guta Mohenjo-Daro).

Nokukurumidza, nokuti ngoro vakatanga kushandisa mhuka joko. nguva iyi yakachinja uye kusarudza munhoroondo kukura uye kuvandudzika yokufambisa. Replenishes siyana dzinonakidza transformations vhiri zvenhoroondo. The ngoro uyewo vanosangana kuchinja.

Improvement ngoro patani

Kare kwaiva nezvemarudzi maviri zvigadzirwa: vhiri denderedzwa wehari uye ngoro. Origin - pulleys tateguru, rachulis mashandiro maawa, mvura mavhiri, etc ..
The ngoro yokutanga chaizvo vaive Sled, fukai mavhiri. The yokupedzisira, akavapindurawo, dzakanga dzakasungirwa namasanhu. Wheel uye ekisero pachayo vakaumba chete isangano. Zvisinei, kana ngoro akatendeukira pamwe mavhiri zvakadaro, vaitasva panze yakareba kupfuura mukati. Panyaya iyi, vhiri nguva dzose slid kana skidded.

Gare gare mazano vakanga ichifamba zvakasununguka, sezvo akabatana makamuisa chacho. Izvi akabvumira kuenda nokukurumidza uye vakatendeuka nyore.

The tanga vaiva murimi mudiki ngoro, hearses youmambo zvingoro matsvene uye dzehondo vamwari.

The ngoro vokutanga vaiva zviviri uye nemavhiri mana. Zvisinei, yokupedzisira zvave seisingashandi. Sei? Zveshure uye mberi ekisero dzakabatana dzimba. vashandi ichi kugona ndarodza muchichinjana.

Makore 2000 adarika Mobile ekisero pamberi yagadzirwa kuti akabvumira vashandi kuti kutendeukira chero divi.

Nechekare mumireniyamu yechipiri BC. e. muna Southwest Asia akazogadzira spoked vhiri.

Ancient mavhiri mufananidzo

Yokutanga wekare dombo mifananidzo (3000 BC. E.) Sled pamwe mavhiri anowanikwa Chidzidzo Sumerian province.

The mufananidzo Makumbo pamusoro East akabatanidzwa mufananidzo zuva, uye simba. In Mungano siyana marudzi mazhinji vakatanga kunzi vhiri mifananidzo. Chokuita zuva vhiri sezvinotevera: Sun - kutobaya uye vakakomba vhiri - chete kumativi, asi anobvumira munhu kufamba nokukurumidza. All ichi - zvakanakira uye kutonga.

Pane runyerekupe kuti kutanga akazviratidza vhiri yakare kuchiri kwete Mesopotamia, uye muTurkey kumabvazuva, uye zvimwe kuchamhembe Iran. Vakabva akaonekwa kuchamhembe kunzvimbo.

Mhando mavhiri yekare

Nechekare ari 3rd chemakore BC Wheel akanga amonera ganda uye 2 mumireniyamu vakaroverera vhiri kuti zvipikiri yakabudikira mucheto kunze. Izvi zvakaitwa kuitira kuti vawedzere adhesion vavo panyika. Ivo vaigona kuva yakasimba, asi kwete kubva chete hunde, uye akaisa pamwechete uye akaumbwa zvikamu zvitatu.

Pakazosvika nguva mabhiza akanga dzaichengetwa, uye paiva ngoro, dzakanga rakakamurwa ngoro (kutsanya) uye zvikwata mambo. Paiva zvingoro uchikumbira upfumi (pamwe nzombe).

Nhoroondo vhiri, pakutanga aitarire, nyaya yakadaro nyore, inoratidza kuti mumwe rudzi kuti zvimwe anobatsira kuchinja magadzirirwo ayo, zvichiita nani nokukurumidza.

Uye hwapararira ngoro kuMabvazuva, kusvikira China (Yin umambo panguva). Nechekare muna 2000 BC. e. vhiri riri spoked uye pomukombero.

The vhiri mu Europe

Nhau dzairamba pamusoro vhiri rayo kukura inobatanidzwa chete pamwe kumarudzi Celtic. Vakatanga "shangu" simbi vhiri pomukombero (1500 BC. E.), asi chete vaviri emakore (nenguva iyo Trojan War) makumbo anenge zvachose dzakagadzirwa nesimbi.

On Homeric magamba dzakadaro uye vakarwa. ngoro About vakadaro vachiyemura akanyora muporofita zvebhaibheri Nahumi. Ivo akavhuniwa chaizvo nzira, saka 50 BC. e. It akasikwa ndokugamuchirwa mutemo wokutanga chaizvo kuti ichikutadzisa mutoro norumwe vhiri kusvika makirogiramu 250.

Kwemakore 3000 vhiri yekare rakachinja upenyu zvinenge zvose Europe. Asi kuna Africa (nharaunda kumaodzanyemba Sahara), Asia (Southeast) uye Australia handina asvika.

Nyaya vhiri wechokwadi haina kudzidza kusvikira pakuguma. Panewo pfungwa yakadaro paakasika vhiri. Hari vanhu chingagadzirwa (kunyange dzakaminama) kunyange apfuura - 6000 makore BC. e. Asi pamwe veMubatanidzwa vhiri omuumbi uye mhando ndiro riri akavandudzika zvikuru. A siyana zvehari - uye pane vhiri, chete kuisa rimwe divi. Saka, ndiani akakwereta pfungwa? Zvichida pashure zvose mutyairi ari muumbi?