Armand of Caulaincourt, ari Wenyika French. "Kurwisa Napoleon kwakaita Russia"

Armand De Caulaincourt - mauto French uye mutungamiri political zvakanakisisa anozivikanwa nokuda memoir ake, yakatsaurirwa kuna Napoleon kuti rutsigiro mu Russia, uyewo kuva ushamwari hwepedyo vatungamiri vaviri umambo hukuru, vauya pamwe 1812 muhondo ropa.

Childhood uye mangwanani upenyu

Baba gurukota ramangwana Napoleon uye French gurukota Foreign ari muchiuto uye taigara yake nhaka Castle Caulaincourt kuti nharaunda weDhipatimendi Aisne. Repfumbamwe muna December 1773 yake mugari wenhaka akanga akamirirwa kwenguva refu akaberekwa. The mukomana ainzi Armand.

Sezvo mhuri yakanga anokudzwa, mwana akapiwa dzidzo kumba, uye chete muna 1778 Armand of Caulaincourt, vachitevera tsoka baba vake, vakatanga nzira yake muchiuto. Ndava nemakore gumi, mukomana akanga akanyorwa yokumwe youmambo vamabhiza hondo pamwe chinzvimbo Private. Pana gumi nehafu Caulaincourt atova refutenendi wechipiri, uye muna 1791 aishanda mubatsiri kuna baba vake.

kutambudzwa

1792 vakauya zviitiko raifara jaya kwete chete, asiwo muchinetso chakakura. Pakutanga, akanga akasimudzira kuti chinzvimbo mukuru, uye ipapo pakarepo asunungurwa kubva kuhondo. Chikonzero kuti waiva musoro kwamachinda chakaparira nokufungirana pakati French echimurenga hurumende, iyo panguva iyoyo chete kumboenda hondo Austria uye akapedza panhengo nemauto kuchenesa.

Asi Armand of Caulaincourt haana mumwe wevaya mapfumo nyore kudaro. Mugore iroro akakumbira National Guard pasi Paris (iri bazi Red Cross) kodzero vanozvipira, uye nokukurumidza, kana akawana chivimbo kutungamira, achiva munhu mukuru sajeni nomumwe Parisian battalions. Next Caulaincourt akawira kuhondo pakati grenadiers, uye gare gare zvishoma - bhiza vachengeti. Kunenge kuti zvose akaenda zvakanaka, asi zvino zvakare kutambudza revatongi mavambo. Kufunga jaya zvikuru nechokwadi, akasungwa zvakare uye ugokandwa mutorongo, kwaakanga Zvisinei, nokukurumidza akamhanya.

kunyatsozivana

pamwe 1794 basa Caulaincourt nokukurumidza anoenda pamukwidza. Mugore rimwe chete asvika pachinzvimbo chevatatu mukuru ane dzechikwata pakati emauto chemazana chehondo, kushanda panguva iyoyo mubatsiri mukuru Ober Dubail (shamwari yepedyo yemhuri). Muna 1796-M Ober Duban akava mumiriri muna Constantinople, uye Armand of Caulaincourt anotevera.

In Fratsiyu wechiduku musoja shure muna 1797-M uye anoshumira mubatsiri mukuru mune hondo Meuse uye Sambre. Paivawo German, Mayan, uye Rhine Army. Caulaincourt nyasha pachinzvimbo chevatatu konoro, akaraira hondo pakati carabineers. Pokuita hondo wemari uye pasi Venheymom. Mumakore okupedzisira akakuvadzwa kaviri, asi Nehunde haisi aenda. mugove wayo vakawira muhondo uye Nersheyme mooskirchen.

yasimuka

Muna 1799 muFrance izvozvo rakaparadzwa Directory uye chaizvoizvo akatanga Napoleonic yaitonga. Bonaparte akanga asati kuva mambo (ichi chete kuitika muna 1804), asi raiva Mumiriri wekutanga uye muchinangwa upenyu paruzhinji huru basa.

Iyi yakanga zvechokwadi yasimuka basa Caulaincourt. Uye kuvonga zvose kuti patronage imwe shamwari mutana mhuri - ". YokuFrance yokumwe mushumiri" Talleyrand, uyo akashanda pasi Napoleon ari chinzvimbo Uyu murume akakwanisa kuva nacho proteges ake akaenda St. Petersburg pamwe makorokoto kubva Napoleon naAlexander Mukuru, vakasvika choushe.

The Kushanya rakatanga muna 1801-M uye dzakaguma muna 1802-m. Nokuti gore kuRussia Caulaincourt aigona vafarirwe pachake pamwe Alexander, uye nokudaro "mhosva" pachavo pamusoro ngoni Napoleon, vanoonga kwaari basa rakanaka.

On adzoka inobudirira Wenyika akava mubatsiri kuti Napoleon, uye nokukurumidza akapiwa mashandiro pokutsvaga ane honorary kuvamiriri stables.

Papera chinguva, Caulaincourt, akanga asati makumi matatu, akamuka maoko avo pamusoro murayiro imwe hondo pakati emauto kuti hondo Rhine.

Serious kukuvara mukurumbira

Mugore akwira Imperial choushe Napoleon pamwe Armand of Caulaincourt zvakaitika hachifadzi nyaya. akaita akarayira murayiro kuti mumaoko muchinda Baden mashoko ine chikumbiro kuti mudutu Baden uto dzakabatana. In murayiridzo hapana chakaipa, asi musangano iri mhosva vaishandisa Duke sezvo chidzitiro. Akanga kubiwa uye Caulaincourt akaonekwa zvinobatanidzwa munyaya zvakananga.

Colonel Mukurumbira vakadzungairira pashure rakakura nokurova. Asi mumeso ake kufarira Napoleon akawira. Emperor akabvuma pfungwa yokuti Caulaincourt nyore azviveza. Bonaparte akaratidza chivimbo nokushingayira yakatokura uye dzinovaraidza yenyu kuwedzera risira stables okupedzisira akapa masimba pamusoro pokuchengetwa nokuzvibata ari wavarindi dare.

Chibayiro muzita basa

Service mudare kumeso maturo Armand of Caulaincourt, uyo muna 1805 kwaitsigirwa kune makuru rwevanhu uye zvadaro paakavapa chinhu honorary Imperial Order. Asi mupristi basa kwakadaro kubudirira, Haiwa, kwete pasina vanotambura. Location Bonaparte kwaidhura, uye mumwe zvawaitaura akanga Caulaincourt gwanza nemukadzi waaida.

Napoleon vakanamatira Bourgeois dzemunharaunda dzetsika, kwete akakwazisa kurambana. A musikana nokukudzwa pana Madame of Canisius Empress akanga vakarambana. Caulaincourt vainyatsoda kumuroora, asi vakasagona.

Pakati Napoleon uye Alexander

Mune rimwe hondo iye Arman pakukurirwa Napoleon panguva yokumbozorora ane kanoni bhora, uye mambo akatozova anofarira protégé yake. Akapa kwaari dukedom, uye muna 1807, Caulaincourt akagamuchira itsva yepamusoro - "Ambassador France muRussia. "Ichokwadi kuti muSt Petersburg Patriot yake yaakaberekerwa nyika haina kupisa chido kuenda, asi haana kuda kuteerera Bonaparte.

MuRussia, Arman akapedza makore mashanu, uye makore ose aya kuedza kumisa chii chainge zvisingadzoreki - yehondo pakati umambo maviri. Uye Alexander, rwakazokura pedyo chaizvo, uye Napoleon Caulaincourt zvikuru kuremekedzwa uye vanodiwa. Izvi chaitadzisa arege kutora munhu divi. Akabvuma kusora kuti France, sezvo zvakumbirwa nokuda Bonaparte, asi musori Alexander akapa. Zvisinei, zvakaitika nokusaziva - munhu uyo pamwe Duke akatanga mambo Russian, ake nemakore anorichengeta Tayleran, abvuma kufurirwa vaArekizandiro vavaudza mashoko anokosha kubva mudare French.

Caulaincourt kakawanda wakaitwa hurukuro Napoleon pamusoro inadmissibility hondo, uye pakupedzisira mambo vakasarudza kuti Russian chamber basa naye. Zvakaguma yokusiya pambiru Mumiriri of Duke. Caulaincourt akadzokera kuFrance muna 1811.

Hondo 1812

Uye muna 1812 asi hondo, uye Duke akanga zvakare mu Russia. Chete zvino basa rimwe Wenyika hakusi, sezvo occupier.

Inenge dzose nguva yaaipedza pedyo Napoleon, uye akaramba kutaura achipikisa zvechiuto chiito. Kamwe ichi chakaitika pamberi Alexander Mukuru, panguva Nhaurirano. Bonaparte aiva akatsamwira protege ake, haana kutaura naye kwemavhiki mashoma. Uye kunyange akaratidza tsitsi pamusoro pokufa Caulaincourt munun'una wake ari hondo Borodino.

Zvakare akauya pamwe Kesari uye Duke nenhamo ruzivo pamwechete rakabvongodzwa mazuva akapedzerwa mubasa guru Russia, nokutsva, uye ipapo kunonyadzisa kwevavengi kudzoka kumba.

pashure pehondo,

The War of 1812 yapera zvikuru kuti France uye Napoleon pachake. Sezvaunoziva, akamanikidzwa murege vachida mwanakomana wake. Asi kunyange Caulaincourt akamirirwa wedzera. Kunyange sezvo mambo, Bonaparte nguva taronga chinokosha, uye ake kufarira yakanga isiri mumhanyi - ". Vavatorwa gurukota French" In basa ichi, iye anoramba akatungamirira hurukuro runyararo, uye akakumbira Alexander kuna Napoleon kuti voga pamusoro pachitsuwa Elba , panzvimbo fungidzira rufu.

Abdication pamusoro Bonaparte aiva pesvedzero inobatsira pachavo upenyu Caulaincourt. Akazokwanisa kuroora mudiwa wake.

Not kunetsekana Duke uye kudzorerwa - ose chete matunhu ake akagara naye. Zvichida, ichi chaiva mugumisiro inodziya ukama wokuRussia pamambo.

Asi nokukurumidza ngoni dare French Caulaincourt vakarasika. The richangobva mambo kunyimwa kwaari vose nzvimbo. Minister of Duke akanga kusvikira 1814.

"Kumuka" uye kuwa

Pazuva rokutanga kwematsutso muna 1815, Napoleon vakadzokera kuFrance uye akatanga kutonga zvakare. Kirasi yokutanga Wenyika French kamwe zvakare akasangana nechigaro gurukota Foreign. Akaramba tiomerere mutsetse kwavo, kuti ari kuedza vashandire pamwe Bonaparte uye akatadzirwa naye Europe. Asi hazvina zvazvakabatsira. Napoleon aida kurwa, uye nyika dzokuEurope nenzara pakupedzisira kuchiparadza pake, izvo chakazoitika - Bonaparte muhondo yake yokupedzisira.

In June 1815 Caulaincourt akava vezera wokuFrance, uye muna July akadzokera choushe Bourbons. Napoleon Akabviswa. Sezvo kudzoka kwake kuti kuwa chaizvo zana mazuva.

Armand zvaifanira kusungwa, asi akabatsira zvakare wokuRussia mumwe - mambo. The chipo kutamira St. Petersburg Caulaincourt akaramba yasara mazuva ake aakararama pamba, hauchafambi pokugara zvinzvimbo uye vari voga zvachose zvematongerwo enyika.

Akatsaurira nguva yakawanda kunyora netsamba dzake pamusoro hondo kwemakore gumi nerimwe ( "Napoleon kwakaita nechisimba Russia). Akafa muna 1827, ari regumi namapfumbamwe February. Panguva rufu rwake akanga makumi mashanu-makore matatu.

Armand of Caulaincourt: "Napoleon kwakaita nechisimba Russia" (netsamba)

In netsamba dzake pamusoro hondo pamwe Russia, munyori memoir akarondedzera zviitiko makore vari zviduku mashoko. Pedyo Napoleon, akanga zuva rose, saka nguva yokuongorora unhu hwake kwazvo uye akakanda ake zvaanorumbidza papepa.

Mukuwedzera Bonaparte unhu varipo vari kuyeuka uye nyaya nevamwe hari huru weuto French, uyewo pamusoro Alexander.

An mutungamiri rechiuto ruzivo, kwete chete anorondedzera hondo, asi anoita Analytical basa, kutaura zvikonzero yatanga ruvengo uye runonyadzisa magumo avo French.

Akanyorwa netsamba Armand of Caulaincourt yainakidza kwazvo, nyore kuverenga. Kokutanga bhuku rakabudiswa chete muna 1833, uye ndiro tsime rinokosha nokuda dzekare, asiwo vose vaya vaifarira hondo Napoleon pamwe Russia, izvo vakaparadza mambo mukuru.