Hebrew umambo uye vatongi vayo. Guta guru echiHebheru umambo

umambo Hebrew muBhaibheri iripo XI-X CC. BC. e. In iyi ushe Sauro madzimambo Dhavhidhi naSoromoni. Kana vaJudha vanhu vaigara imwe simba centralized mamiriro.

Nguva vatongi

History of Palestine kubva kare chokuita mungano zhinji uye ngano, asi veracity iyo kuramba nharo venhau uye vatsvakurudzi anopa yekare. Hebrew umambo zvikuru kuzivikanwa Old Testament, iyo inorondedzera chiitiko chinotaurwa kumwedzi.

Pamberi chidzoke ane vaJudha kusaroora vaigara pasi kutungamirirwa vatongi. Vakasarudzwa pakati zvikuru chiremera uye akachenjera munzanga, asi haina simba chaiyo, uye akabvumira chete zvinorwisana maari pakati vagari. Panguva iyoyowo, vaJudha vaiva kugara mungozi zvinobva utsinye vavakidzani-muArabhu. VaFiristiya vaiva guru kutyisidzira.

Election hwaMambo Sauro

Inenge 1029 BC. e. vanhu hanya vakarayira kuti muprofita Samueri (mumwe wevatongi) kuti vasanangurwa mambo kupfuura vakakodzera mumiriri. Pakutanga somuzivi mwoyo vomunyika yake, achivakurudzira kuti simba mutungamiri uto zvichaguma udzvinyiriri uye kutya. Kunyange zvakadaro, vanhuwo zvavo vachigomera kubva yaingopambwa vavengi uye vakaramba ake.

Pakupedzisira, maererano neBhaibheri, Samuel akabvunza Mwari, uyo akapindura kuti mambo inofanira jaya Sauro worudzi rwaBhenjamini. Rakanga duku Jewish basa. Muporofita nokukurumidza akatungamirira wacho kuti nyota vanhu. Yakanga akasarudza kuti mijenya, kuti asimbise Kururama kusarudza mambo. It chaizvo akataura kuna Sauro. Saka pakanga muHebheru umambo.

Kubudirira Israel

Makore okutanga waSauro ushe yaiva nguva aizorodzwa vose vanhu vayo. Vatungamiri vemauto vakaungana uye vakaronga hondo kuti vaigona kudzivirira nyika pavavengi. Panguva kurwisana nezvombo, vakanga vakundwa umambo vaAmoni, navaMoabhu uye Edhomu. Kunyanya anovava aiva pavanotaurirana navaFiristia.

Changamire siyana rezvitendero. Mumwe nomumwe kukunda kwake vakazvitsaurira kuna Mwari, pasina iyo, kwake mafungiro, aizova refu kubva akafa Hebrew umambo. Nhoroondo zvehondo rayo vavakidzani vayo chinorondedzerwa zvizere muBhaibheri. Pane akazivisawo hunhu rejaya vaSauro. Akanga asiri wechitendero chete, asiwo anozvininipisa chaizvo murume. In ake haringakupembedzi nguva, mambo simba iye kuva munda, achiratidza kuti haana kusiyana vanhu munyika yake.

The kunetsana wamambo uye muporofita

Pashure mumwe hikes pakati Sauro naSamueri akanga pakupopotedzana. chikonzero chake chaiva chiito anomhura amambo. Pausiku muhondo navaFiristia, akaita chibayiro, apo akanga asina kodzero yokuita kudaro. Kuita izvi kugona chete vaprista, asi Samueri. Pakati pamambo muporofita akatora kuregawo, yaiva chiratidzo pakati kutanga dzakaoma okutanga.

Samuel, uyo akasiya pachivanze, mwoyo Sauro. Akasarudza kuti akaisa pachigaro choushe zvakaipa munhu. Mwari (ane isingadhuri yezvifananidzo zvinowanzotaurwa muBhaibheri) rave akabvumirana mupristi uye akamukumbira itsva mumiriri. Vakava wechiduku Dhavhidhi, uyo Samuel akazodza pachivande kutonga.

David

Mukomana akanga matarenda zhinji uye zvinoshamisa zvinhu. Iye aiva shasha musoja uye muimbi. About nemano ake akava anozivikanwa mudare ramambo. Sauro aiva panguva iyoyo akatanga kutambura tichibatwa kuora mwoyo. Vapristi naye zano kubata chirwere ichi achibatsirwa mimhanzi. Saka dare akazviratidza David chipendani mutongi.

Nokukurumidza aswedera mambo akazvisiyanisa asi mumwe feat. David akabatana hondo yavaIsiraeri, kana rakatevera navaFirisitia. In mumusasa womuvengi rakanga kupfuura chakaipisisa murwi Goliath. muzukuru uyu zvaRafa vakanga hombe kukura uye simba. David dzakamushevedza pachake duel uye kurova unyanzvi hwake uye muchipfuramabwe. In chiratidzo mukukunda jaya vakagura akakundwa hofori musoro. Chiitiko ichi ndicho chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru nomukurumbira uye vataurwa muBhaibheri.

Kukunda Goriyati, Dhavhidhi akaita vanhu kufarira. Pakati pake Sauro paiva kupesana, yakatanga kuva hondo kuti vakazunza Hebrew umambo. Panguva iyoyo vari Palestine kamwe yaiva vaFirisitia zvakare. Vakakunda hondo yaSauro, uye iye vakazviuraya, kwete kuda kuva nhapwa muvengi.

mambo mutsva

Saka muna 1005 BC. e. Dhavhidhi akava mambo. Kunyange mudare Sauro paakawana mwanasikana wake, nokudaro achiva mwanakomana-ari mambo. Zviri guru rechiHebheru umambo David akakurudzirwa kuJerusarema, iyo kubva kuva mwoyo upenyu National zvose. mambo mutsva sevasingafungi madhorobha kuronga uye runako enyika.

Location rechiHebheru poushe kuti nguva yasara nyaya gakava. Kana anoreva Bhaibheri, tinogona kufunga kuti yaIsiraeri akamhanya achibva Gaza kuna Yufratesi. Kufanana nevamwe vatongi poushe vechiHebheru, David akatungamirira zvinobudirira hondo dzavo nevavakidzani. MuArabhu kakawanda vachadzingwa kubva kumuganhu vakati ashandiswe nguva danidziro zvaibiwa kwakaenderera uye ropa.

Zvisinei, havasi vose Dhavhidhi rokutonga raiva akanyorova uye akanyarara. Nyika yakanga kamwe zvakare kuenda kuburikidza hondo. nguva ichi mwanakomana musimboti nehurumende Abhusaromu vakapandukira David. Iye encroached pachigaro choushe chababa vake, kunyange zvazvo aiva nekodzero nayo. Pakupedzisira, mauto ake vakakundwa, uye anopambadza - vakauraya vashandi vamambo, zvinopesana mirairo amambo.

Solomon

Zvino Dhavhidhi akanga akwegura uye kuti vapera basa, zvakare paiva mubvunzo yokugara. Mambo akada akatamisa simba mumwe wavanakomana vake vaduku, Soromoni, uyo aikudzwa nouchenjeri uye mano kuti utungamiriri. Kusarudza baba havana kufanana nevamwe mwanakomana mukuru - Adhonia. Iye wakaidzawo kuronga nevapanduki paakagadza rake kugadzwa panguva upenyu incapacitated baba.

Zvisinei, kuedza akatadza Adhonia. Nekuti woumbwende yavo, akatizira kuTende. Soromoni akakanganwira mukoma wake pashure kupfidza kwake. Panguva iyoyowo, vamwe vaikwikwidza ari pakurangana uwandu machinda neshamwari vakaurayiwa. Madzimambo echiHebheru umambo zvakasimba akabata simba mumaoko avo.

The kuvakwa kwetemberi muJerusarema

Pashure porufu Dhavhidhi akatanga kutonga chairo Solomon (965-928 gg. BC. E.). Yakanga ichatonga zvine mbiri echiHebheru umambo. Nyika yakavimbika anodzivirirwa zvokunze kutyisidzira uye zvishoma nezvishoma vakashanduka uye akakura akapfuma.

The huru Chiito kwaiva kuvaka temberi yaSoromoni yaiva muJerusarema - huru Jewish yokunamatira. Chivako ichi vechitendero waimirira pamwe yose vanhu. basa guru riri gadziriro nezvinhu uye pakusikwa urongwa achiri Dhavhidhi. Nguva pfupi asati afa, iye akapa mapepa acho kuti mwanakomana wake.

Soromoni akatanga kuvaka mugore rechina rokutonga kwake. Akakumbira rubatsiro kuna mambo reFenikiya guta reTire. akauya akakurumbira uye unyanzvi ezvivako aitungamirira rakananga basa iri kuvakwa temberi Kubva ipapo. The chikuru chokuvaka vaJudha vezvitendero vakava nhengo yamambo. Raiva pachikomo, rinozivikanwa temberi. Pazuva rokugadza naro muna 950 BC. e. Areka yesungano - huru National kakasaririra rikashamiswa muchivako. VaJudha vaipemberera kuguma kuvakwa kare mavhiki maviri. Temberi yakava muzinda upenyu hwechitendero, iyo chinokwezva Mapilgrim kubva mumatunhu ose vechiJudha.

Rufu Soromoni 928 BC. e. It agumisa kubudirira rakabatana mamiriro. Changamire vatsivi yakakamurwa simba pachavo. Kubvira ipapo, paiva hwokumusoro (Israeri) uye umambo hwokumaodzanyemba (Judha). Nguva Sauro, Dhavhidhi naSoromoni anonzi chendarama zera revanhu vechiJudha.