Alikhan Bukeikhanov: Biography, enyika pfungwa, ndangariro

Kwenguva refu zita munhu uyu rakarambidzwa, uye iye, akaita vazhinji vezera rake, pamutemo vaiona muvengi vanhu. Asi kwenguva yakareba murume uyu rehabilitated, uye basa rake chakabereka kuremekedzwa zvizvarwa vanoonga. Nhasi mukuru wezvematongerwo enyika Alikhan Bukeikhanov, tichayeuka rinopembererwa muna 2016 - mumwe National magamba reRepublic of Kazakhstan. Pashure pezvose, paaritari kuzvimirira reCentral nyika yokuAsia, akaisa upenyu hwake hwose.

Active nomukurumbira, inopenya wezvematongerwe enyika, kwakajeka munyori, imwe nyanzvi unyanzvi uye Patriot ane guru ... Uye ethnologist, agronomist, Economist, gweta, nyanzvi - uye ichi hachisi mazita rakakwana mabasa ake ose. Kwete yakawanda nhoroondo Kazakhstan anoziva hunhu Huru ichi!

Nhasi, Biography ake uye zvokurarama nazvo kudzidza muna Kazakh zvikoro. Munyika ino, iwo anonzi gamba renyika. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, muna Kazakh enhoroondo unhu hwake wakayeriswa yakawanda mapeji. Saka, regai zvizere yakawanda Biography womunhu ichi chikuru.

Childhood uye kuyaruka Bukeikhanov

Uduku ramangwana mutungamiriri rudzi kwakaitika mune mumwe musha №7 Tokraunskoy yeko Karkarala kudunhu Semipalatinsk nharaunda (mazuva ano izvozvo Aktogai kudunhu kuKaraganda nharaunda). Zvaiva imomo kuti akaberekwa ari wechishanu March 1866 Bukeikhanov Alikhan Nurmuhamedovich, achiva dangwe kubva baba namai.

mhuri yake vaiva vazukuru Kazakh sultans pamusoro torus, uye musoro Chingizid Alikhan baba aipfeka nokudada. Chokwadi, zvakawanda Bukeikhanov yakashongedzwa Pedigree haasi kunyanya tichifungisisa. Mhuri kuwana mari zvinokosha.

Achida nechokwadi kuti mwanakomana wake, akavimbika chimedu chechingwa, akachipa kuna vabereki Alikhan Madrasah pashure pokupedza kudzidza Karkaralinsk zvokutengeserana chikoro. Asi aigona mukomana asingazvibati uye ini ndakawana pakunaka kwokudzidzisa murombo uye nokuzvidira akabatana Russian-Kazakh chikoro. Panguva iyoyo, vechiduku Bukeikhanov aiva nemakore mapfumbamwe.

Release vakauya nineties iri rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore, apo chipatapata kuvakwa kuSiberia njanji uchingodzikira michina vashandi vaiva kudiwa. Vakanga vakagadzirira Omsk Technical School, uyo mudzidzi uye akava mugari wenhaka Genghis Khan.

Asi basa railwayman haana vachashayiwawo. A matarenda jaya anoenderera mberi uye awana basa Economist panguva St. Petersburg Imperial Forestry Institute. In zvakafanana, iye nyanzvi Mutemo paUniversity (uyewo St. Petersburg). Vakati vagura wokupedzisira bvunzo, Alikhan Bukeikhanov anotanga akura vakadzidza sowakajeka majaya - zvakanaka makateyiwa nyanzvi aikosha vemazuva chokwadi, uyo anoziva mitauro mapfumbamwe. Kunyange ipapo zvaiva pachena kuti murume uyu wechiduku ane ramangwana guru uye rakajeka.

Research mabasa

In zvose ake upenyu Alikhan Bukeikhanov akakwanisa kutora chikamu mana tsvakurudzo nzendo uye kunyora zvakakomba nesayenzi mapepa makumi mashanu uye anopfuura chiuru manotsi uye nyaya siyana.

Chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda vasingazivikanwi nyika uye dzinokwezva naye, uye, pakutanga dzidziso masvomhu pachikoro zvokurimwa, uye ipapo akatakura bureaucratic basa Omsk Technical School, anoramba kuziva chinhu chitsva uye kuzvidzidzisa. Uye pamusoro Bukeikhanov zvose nguva dzose kufarira munhoroondo Kazakhstan.

The chaizvo wokutanga nzendo mana naye Tobolsk, panguva iyo akadzidza mubvunzo Resettlement Russian pamusoro Kazakh nyika. Zvakanga pashure kuguma Forest Institute - muna 1894. Uye makore masere gare gare, zvakatanga kudzidza inowanzorimwa dunhu - uye vakanga zvakare misha iri yokunyanya. Maererano hurumende kuti, izvo akaronga chiitiko, masayendisiti vaifanira kuziva nyika isingagarwi akakodzera akatama zvitsva.

Asi wechiduku Patriot kushandisa ruzivo urwu kwavowo. All akanga aona uye anzwa panguva nzendo, uye akazova hwaro mabasa ake kwesayenzi uye journalistic, umo munyori akaratidza uye akaratidza vanotambudzika chinzvimbo Kazakhs yake yaakaberekerwa somugumisiro nemaune Resettlement mutemo pamusoro tsarism. mamiriro ezvinhu aya vasingagoni kuramba hanya Bukeikhanov. Vakanga "achirwara" uye mutsimba naye kusvikira pakuguma kwoupenyu.

Kuwedzera kutsvakurudza socio-nhoroondo wezwi, mubasa ramangwana Prime Minister of Kazakhstan uye upfumi, emo nhoroondo, ari agrarian nemauto, mhuka minda uye zvichingodaro. D.

mubereko guru Somuenzaniso, basa rayo vakazvipira inowanzorimwa gwai maberekero nharaunda, inokosha vanorumbidza ruminant mhuka idzi: apo uye chii erudzi abudirire nani kupfuura inosimbisa kuti vatarisire, etc ...

Abay: kujairirana mabasa nyanduri

Mashoko kuti Alikhan Bukeikhanov aifamba mururimi Kazakh munyika yake yakava nechepasi apo kushanda namasere Vhoriyamu "gungano Russian. tsananguro enzvimbo Full wedu munharaunda. " Hazvina kuoma zvokufungidzira kuti izvi ndizvo vakazvipira kuna Kazakhstan, uye Bukeikhanov aiva mumwe hachishandi. Muchikamu yake, akataura pamusoro tsika, mararamiro, mafungiro uye ethnographic chikamu Kazakh vanhu, sezvo mifananidzo zviri kushingaira kuposha pevairwara uye munyori wacho basa, kunyanya nhetembo. Alihana Bukeyhanova chaizvo kuziva nhetembo yake panguva - Abai, ane nhetembo "Kozy-Korpesh uye Bayan Sulu" Aitsanangura mubasa rake sayenzi.

In meso mutsvakurudzi Abay aiva mumwe yakanakisisa vamiririri idzva Kazakh vakadzidza, waitsigira rusununguko Kazakhstan. Uye Bukeikhanov anoedza ose inobvira nzira yokusimbisa ukama hwavo mukuru Kazakh nyanduri.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti munguva yemberi "anosimudzirwa" by Abai uye basa rake rakasiyana vateereri, achiva wenhoroondo dzoupenyu wokutanga uye gadzirira kudhinda bhuku mabasa nyanduri. Asi kubudisa dzakaunganidzwa essays Bukeikhanov chaitadzisa kusungwa, kwakaitika muna 1905.

Active nomukurumbira

Maererano ruzivo, iyo anotipa pamutemo Biography, Alikhan Bukeikhanov kubva pauduku hwake kunoratidza pacharo sezvo chinoshingaira nomukurumbira. Kunyanya kuoneka chinova wenguva 1893, apo muzukuru Genghis Khan, nhengo dzakasiyana zvikwata (kubva mabhuku dzezvoupfumi), inobatanidzwa nemhirizhonga, rakarongwa vadzidzi. Ndipo apo Bukeikhanov wokutanga akaita kuti tifunge mapurisa, uye iye muwisira pamazita vanhu vaiona "enyika wokusavimbika."

Young Patriot inobatanawo National Liberation kwebasa inowanzorimwa nharaunda uye pakupedzisira anova mutungamiri wayo. Uyu pamwero mukuru kubatsira chinopenya kwakarungwa kwounyanzvi Bukeikhanov. Vamwe vakararama, aiva rombo rakanaka kuti pane kutaura ake, kuenzanisa navo zvesimba pamusoro Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, vachiti vari kushanda asina kutomboderera kwavari upenyu uye uchapupu.

The kutanga political penya basa

Sezvingatarisirwa, munhu akadaro ane zvakananga nzira kupinda zvematongerwo enyika. Akafamba nechivimbo mumugwagwa uyu. Muna 1905, Alikhan Bukeikhanov anova nhengo Constitutional Democratic Party (Cadets) uye zviroto rakasikwa vemo (Kazakh) dhipatimendi wake. Pachiitiko nokuramba musangano muguta Uralsk uye Semipalatinsk. Mugore iroro akanga akasarudzwa Mutevedzeri kuti First State Duma yeRussian Empire.

Asi kumiririra zvido Kazakhs Bukeikhanov pamusoro soro hurumende pamwero handina, nokuti Duma akanga ichiputswa anenge pakarepo pashure musarudzo. Time akatanga kupandukira, kusagadzikana - Russian pakabvunda chaiwo zvakaoma. Vatariri paakaedza kodzero dzavo kwokubudisa Vyborg Manifesto kuda kudzima pokufa tsarist Duma, asi zvakashaya kubudirira. Pasi shoko raiva zita Alihana Bukeyhanova.

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, muna 1905, imwe Pokuda wezvematongerwe enyika, izvo akanyatsotevera kwaiteverwa magondo harashari namapurisa, akasungirwa kekutanga. Chaaipomerwa anoita vehurumende kusateerera. Kusungwa yechipiri kwakaitika muna 1908, uye nguva ino haana kukwanisa kuwana kubvisa kutya nyore. Political maonero Alihana Bukeyhanova kuita zvinopesana hasha dzayaitonga wokuti tsarist Russia, zviremera vaiona zvaisaenderana rusununguko uye vakatapwa nemumiriri kubatana kuna Samara, kwaaigara kusvikira 1917, umo kwave zvachinja zvikuru munyika. Gore rino Russia yava zvakasiyana. 1917 akapa Bukeikhanov tariro kuti vanhu vake pakupedzisira kukwanisa kuzvimirira.

Biographers Bukeikhanov funga izvozvo muenzaniso wakanaka enyika yanhasi. sekristaro ake kuvimbika uye kuvimbika, akataura kakawanda, kusvikira pakupedzisira mweya apo kuramba kuvimbika yaakaberekerwa uye vanhu vayo. Uyu murume aiva mumwe wevaya kupinda enyika kwete nokuda kubatsirwa, asi nokuda pachena zvakanaka.

kwakajeka wenhau

Journalistic uye journalistic basa - iri rinokosha, rukoko inokosha chaizvo nhaka Alihana Bukeyhanova. Achinyatsoziva kuti shoko - chombo chakanakisisa, akaedza kushandisa nayo napo uye vachikurumidza.

Munguva kubva 1905 kusvika 1907 Bukeikhanov kushanda mupepeti muna Cadets Party mapepanhau "The Voice", "Omsk" uye "Irtysh". Anonyora nenyanzvi nyaya "New Encyclopedic Dictionary". Uye kubva 1910 achishanda pedyo yokutanga magazini Kazakh-mutauro "Aikap" izvo runosimbisa upenyu enyika yacho nharaunda, vari pakazvimba zvinetso dzidzo, mishonga, sainzi, mabhuku, ari agrarian nemauto, uye zvakawanda. Zvose zvakanga zviri miromo yepamusoro Kazakh intelligentsia nguva.

The bhikoni chaiyo iri kuda rudzi kuziva aiva pepanhau "Kazakh", iro Bukeikhanov akasunungura pamwe nevamwe vanoshingaira voruzhinji uye venhau - uye Dulatova Baitursynov. Mupiro nevatatu ava kuti pave democratic uye dzokutsigira nyika kwacho Kazakhstan zvakaoma kuona.

Nenzira dzakawanda kwayo zvinhu Alikhan Bukeikhanov akabudiswa "Kazakh" pasi zita "Mwanakomana steppes" ( "Kyr Balas").

freemasonry

Pane ruzivo kuti vamwe nguva Bukeikhanov collaborated pamwe navavaki. zita rake yakawanikwa netsamba kuna Kerensky, uyo akatungamirira Masonic vachivata "Ursa Minor" muSt Petersburg.

On kururama mashoko aya anotaura kuti pakusikwa Samara boka nevaFreemason chakaitika pashure musangano Kerensky Bukeikhanov zvakanaka. Uyezve, zvinozivikanwa kuti pakati vechikamu chesangano iri chaiva kupfuura Cadets, raiva gamba ino.

The navavaki wechizvarwa Genghis Khan akaona pamusoro vatsigiri vose. ushamwari navo kutsanangura tariro rubatsiro mukupa kuzvionera kuti Kazakhs. Negore regumi namanomwe akanga akagadzwa mukuru dikidiki Hurumende Kazakhstan, asi nguva pfupi pashure nzira navavaki, Alihana Bukeyhanova vakaparadzirwa, semvura yokuteverera akaziva kuti zvinotsigira zvido kwavanoita sangano, haangakuregi kumirira. kwete sei kumirira kwake, uye kubva Cadets. Navo namanomwe gore akati bhayibhayi zvakare.

The pati "Alash": itsva ose enyika basa

Mwoyo zvakawira Bukeikhanov, haana kuputsa mweya wake. Enyika pashure nemanomwe gore chimurenga iri tisingaisizve pasi maoko, ndiEzekieri - anotambanudzira mapapiro ayo. Pamwe chete navo, achazviratidza pakusika pepanhau "Kazakh", iye anoronga itsva, zvachose yakazvimirira enyika simba "Alash Orda" (Alash - Kazhinji zita marudzi ose, izvo pakupedzisira akava seshanduro Kazakhs).

Chiitiko ichi chakanga zvikuru nhoroondo kukosha uye zvikuru vakatsunga njodzi Kazakhstan nhasi vomuzuva. The pati "Alash" wechokwadi patriots Zimbabwe pakutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, uye panguva mwoyo waro dzematongerwe muvete chokuzvizadzika rusununguko Kazakhstan sechikamu democratic Russia. Sangano simba idzva kunosanganisira anongoda ruvara yose Kazakh intelligentsia nguva.

Alikhan Bukeikhanov vakananga bato kubvira pakutanga kwayo. Munguva kushanda enyika masimba nayo congresses akawanda dzakaitwa, mumwe izvo zvakaitika muna 1918, nezvechiitiko kusingaenzaniswi - wekutanga akazivisa yakazvimirira mamiriro Kazakhs. Uye musiki webato "Alash" chaiva kumusoro hofisi - ari Prime Minister of Kazakhstan!

Zvichakadai, hondo zvakawanda yevagari aitambudza muRussia. Country yakabata mhirizhonga. Pakutanga Alash ordintsy akarwa Bolsheviks iri kurutivi nevachena. Asi kana mukukunda neSoviet, vaifanira kutaurirana pfungwa vavengi runyararo uye pamwe. Mukuru nezvevakafa "ushamwari" Chokwadi, akanga kuchengetedza rusununguko achangozvarwa wehurumende. Rakanga aifarirwa tsvuku, asi chete papepa. Kutaura zvazviri, kubva nguva kwemamiriro chibvumirano yakazvimirira Republic of Kazakhstan havasisipo.

Saka, nokuda pfupi Alikhan Bukeikhanov vakananga bato "Alash", riri rokupedzisira rake kubudirira mune yezvematongetwo. With veMubatanidzwa simba Soviet vanozvikudza Kazakh akawana zvakakodzera kusiya mamiriro basa chipi zvacho.

Udzvanyiriri uye rufu Bukeikhanov

Pasinei kusiya Bukeikhanov kubva zvematongerwo enyika, hurumende wechiduku yeSoviet akazviona sezvo muvengi ane ngozi. Iye chaitadzisa itsva vaduku Soviet maitiro nekuti havapindi pfungwa communism. I kutamba naye sezvinoita katsi ane negonzo, ari kusunga, ipapo kubvumira kusazvibata.

Zvakanga zvakakosha kubvisa zvinoitwa muvambi webato "Alash Orda" nokuda vomunyika, saka zviri mugore nechisimba kuchinjirwa kuMoscow, uko wokunzi zvesayenzi, mabhuku, ethnography-maviri wechipiri; Iye anodzidzisa payunivhesiti. Kwenguva Alikhan Bukeikhanov akabvumira "muchechi" chete Leningrad - kwaakanga uyewo kutarisira basa kudzidzisa. Asi yakanakisisa chikamu makore gumi namashanu "Links" yakaitwa guru Soviet Union.

"Nhapwa" Kazakh chinyararire uye nokuzvininipisa anopinza basa nezvesayenzi, nekunhonga ngano, akadzidza nhoroondo (the muchivande achidzivirira vaonane vomunyika uye kutungamirira njanji pevhu National Liberation kufamba). By maitiro ake aiita zvachose isingakuvadzi.

Asi matatu namanomwe gore "mowed pasi" uye kwete zvakadai ... Sezvingatarisirwa, aimbova mutungamiriri wenyika chabva Stalin kuti zvaisarudza. Panguva makumi rechipiri gore, Alihana Bukeyhanova asungwe, akapomerwa ugandanga uye maviri namanomwe September 1937 akatongerwa rufu. Panguva akwegura ari Kazakh Patriot hapana kuzoteerera kwete. The mutongo akaurayiwa musi iwoyo.

Alikhan Bukeikhanov: mhuri uye upenyu pachedu

On upenyu Kazakhstan ezvematongerwo kupfuura mufananidzo mukutanga ramakumi remakore pachake inozivikanwa kwete zvikuru. Asi kunyange mashoko, zvakakwana kunzwisisa - akanga asina risina makore.

Muna 1901 akaroora Elena Bukeikhanov Sevastianova, ndiye mwanasikana wenhau Yakova Sevastyanova, iyo Alikhan Nurmuhamedovich aishanda Bhuku "inowanzorimwa Region." Nechekare muna 1902, vaviri ine mwanasikana Kanipa (pamutemo - Elizabeth). Uye makore masere gare gare, muna 1910, mugari wenhaka iri mhuri - mwanakomana Oktay (pamutemo - Sergei).

Negore regumi namasere Elena Bukeikhanov pakarepo akafa uye akasiya murume wake nevana vaviri mumaoko. Asi Alikhan aiva mudzidzisi akanaka uye akamutsa vakadzikama vanhu. Vose ndokuenda makwara yababa vake uye vakava nenhamba yesayenzi. Muzukuru (mwanakomana Elizabeth) akafira muhondo muHondo Yenyika II. The kechipiri kuroora Kazakh Patriot haana. Uye kuguma mazuva ake akaramba akatendeka asati pakarepo ndokubva mudzimai anodiwa.

Zvinokosha kuziva kuti hapana hama Alihana Bukeyhanova haana "blacked kunze." Venhaka Kazakh sultans muchizvikudza vaipfeka zita rake, pasinei njodzi yakanga hwakazarawo. Zvino, pashure rokuchinjwa rimwe vazukuru Bukeikhanov akagamuchira ari Archive "mitongo rufu", chiso chake kumhanyira misodzi, uye mwoyo wake wakanga uzere kudada hama yake huru.

ndangariro

Asi kwete chete hama uye shamwari ndangariro mukuru Gazakh ainzi Alikhan Bukeikhanov. The 150th hwagadzwa rake gore rino vakapemberera pasi auspices UNESCO! Kuzivikanwa kwakadaro mashoma hanya ...

A nhamba zviitiko zviri kurongwa uye kare kunze panguva senyika muKazakhstan, vane rusununguko saka manyawi uye asingatyi akadzivirira Alikhan Bukeikhanov. Book kuratidzwa kuna upenyu ngano, hurukuro yacho inonzi pakadhindwa aunganidzwa mabasa, Misangano siyana, misangano uye zvikuru, zvikuru takagadzirira vazukuru vanoonga pakuyeuka munhu uyo akazvipa kuna basa vanhu vake.