Stalinization - inofanira de-Stalinization ...

Stalinization - ndiwo muitiro womunhu kubviswa pfungwa uye enyika, yakasimbiswa paitonga I. V. Stalina, kusanganisira kunamatwa unhu guru womutungamiri. Izwi iri rinoshandiswa mabhuku Western kubvira kuma1960. Mazuva ano nyaya tichakurukura nedanho de-Stalinization (sezvazvakanyorwa agamuchirwa uye kuitwa Khrushchev), uyewo nemigumisiro yayo. In mhedziso, tinokurukura mutsva ose mutemo uyu muna Ukraine uye Russia.

Kuvamba de-Stalinization

The Kukakavadzana pamusoro nyaya iyi haisi runopedzwa kusvikira ikozvino. Vamwe vanhu funga kuti debunking kuti Stalin unhu zvinofanira mberi, nepo vamwe - inonzi mutemo chikanganiso Khrushchev. Zvakangotanga akatanga muna 1953. Mutungamiriri mudzvinyiriri akafa, uye nawo hwakare. To simba nokukurumidza akasvika inopinza uye kusarudza Nikita Sergeevich Hruschev. Akanga asina dzidzo, asi rwunokwanisa zvaizopedza pedyo enyika inoshamisa pfungwa. Akatanga yakadereresa zvinzvimbo mubato uye nyore vafanoona kuitika itsva. Muna 1956, panguva XX Congress of CPSU, kwakasarudzwa kuti debunk kunamatwa nemapofu Stalin unhu. Maererano nomunyori wenhau dzakaitika M. Gefter, kuramba kuti hurumende iripo kunyange asati afa mutungamiri. Kutenda Stalin kuti clairvoyance kwave vasanyanya pedyo unorema kukundwa muna Second World War. nguva yokutanga unhu kapoka aishamwaridzana Beria. Asi zvishoma nezvishoma chakatanga pamutemo de-Stalinization nzanga.

"Mushumo Chitsvene" Khrushchev

XX Congress of CPSU muna 1436 vakaungana vamiririri. Akanzi kwemwedzi misere pamberi wava nokuda chimbi adzokorore prices pashure pokufa Stalin. Zvino yakaguma vanonzi "mushumo chakavanzika" Khrushchev. Kusimbisa akapiwa mashoko kunoitwa Commission Pospelov pamusoro udzvanyiriri. Maererano Khrushchev, 70% kwevadzidzi nokuti Central Committee kusarudzwa panguva XVII Congress, vakanga vapfurwa. Zvisinei, Khrushchev vakaomerera kuti de-Stalinization - ichi hachisi kuparadzwa nheyo ane mugovanisi munzanga uye kubviswa inokuvadza chitendero. Kwemaindasitiri, collectivization uye hondo oma nokushorwa mauto akanga vakafunga kwawakabva zvakafanira kukura Soviet Union somunhu simba mamiriro. The udzvanyiriri akapomerwa pachedu kuburikidza Stalin vake evatsigiri. Khrushchev haana kuziva kuti kwakabva matambudziko nhema kwete unhu mutungamiriri, asi munyika pacharo.

Consequences nokuti nyika

"Mushumo Chitsvene" Khrushchev haana rakabudiswa uye raiverengwa chete pamisangano vashandi dzebato nemashoko akakodzera. Stalin haana kuziva Mhedziso zvakaipa. Paachato-, "haana kuchinja hunhu" chaihwo gutsaruzhinji. Society ichiri zvinofamba munzira yakarurama, kureva chiKomonisiti. Negative Zviitiko zvakaziviswa surmounted Vongai kuitwa Communist Party vatungamiriri. Saka zvakanga anenge abviswa basa Vatsigiri Stalin vake. Vakaita akaramba pfungwa nzvimbo. Kazhinji, kuti "chakavanzika mushumo" Khrushchev:

• Akachinja zvepfungwa yeSoviet vanhu;
• akatsemura nyika yechiKomonisiti mafambiro;
• aiva uchapupu kwokusasimba USSR kusvikira kuMadokero.

Stalinization: nguva kubva 1953 kusvika 1964god

Muvanhu mafungiro akasiyana mutemo mutsva. Zvakatanga nomusiyano wakakura pakati Soviet Union uye West. Ngatitange kubva pakutanga. Muna 1953, Stalin akafa. Mumakore akatevera gore zita rake uye mufananidzo kunoramba kukurukurwa zvaitaurwa pamusoro utungamiri bato. Mushure "mushumo chakavanzika" vakatanga yebasa wokuti de-Stalinization. Zvisinei, muvanhu maiva yose siyana dzakasiyana zvinofungwa yaimbova Munyori General. The discrediting kuti Stalin unhu sechiratidzo panguva nokuda kwounyanzvi hondo kuzviuraya. Vakawanda havanzwisisi nei Khrushchev akatanga inzwi maonero avo pamusoro kutambudzwa chete pashure pokufa mutungamiri mukuru. In padariro chokutanga de-Stalinization - ndiko kunonyanya kuparadzana kudzora hurongwa. The Republican Vanotarisira akapiwa vanopfuura zviuru 10 Enterprises. Maererano Act muna 1957 akasika anopfuura zana zvoupfumi nharaunda pamwe seboka utariri miviri - zvoupfumi yevakuru. Decentralization divi yaiva sefungu iri vemo vakaedza. Negative - kuderedza muzvigadzirwa mberi. The Soviet hurongwa atadza pfungwa mari kuti kukura. decentralization kwakanyanyisa muna 1961.

XXII Congress of CPSU

Pousiku, October 31, 1961 Red Square akanga cordoned kure. Vanhu zvakaziviswa kuti akatamba edzesero nokuda kwakawanda pamusoro 7 November. Asi chokwadi, kushandisa Zvaitongwa XXII Congress of Communist Party of Soviet Union. Kureva, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti Stalin kubva mausoleum. Munhu wose vakanzwisisa kuti chiito akadaro angaita kuti mhirizhonga. Nokuti vazhinji de-Stalinization - ichi kunongova chiitiko. Pakati nevari vaiva yakawanda nemasoja. Local vomunharaunda vakatanga pamadiro kucheka Zvivako zviri mutungamiri mukuru. Vanhu vaitoseka kuti Khrushchev inosunungura nzvimbo muna Mausoleum pedyo Lenin pachavo. Muna 1961, maguta akawanda akanga apiwa zita rokuti.

In Ukraine

Stalinization - mutemo kuti yekudyidzana kukanganiswa kuitika wokuUkraine SSR. Panguva iyi, zvakanga kwakaregwa danidziro pamusoro nationalist manzwiro akaita seiyi nedanho Russification uye vakawedzera basa Ukrainian chinhu munyaya zvose. To pambiru munyori Communist Party Central Committee rokutanga akasarudzwa Kirichenko. Managerial nzvimbo vakatanga midzi Ukrainians. Muna 1954 USSR akachinjirwa Crimea. Chisarudzo ichi hwaikurudzirwa miganhu napedyo uye vemabhizimisi. Dambudziko raiva murwiyo kwemarudzi vemo. Ukrainians chakaita kuti 13.7 chete%. The yakanaka nguva de-Stalinization anga kuwedzera kodzero Union chinoda. Zvisinei, zvakawanda izvozvo akauyisa mamwe makakatanwa munzanga.