MuSachsenhausen - wevasungwa. History, tsananguro. mhosva Nazi

Wakamboona kuti muSachsenhausen (wevasungwa)? Chii? Akahusika? On mimwe mibvunzo iyi uye uchawana mhinduro munyaya. MuSachsenhausen ari mumusasa wevasungwa yeNazi. Akanga akaiswa muGermany, pedyo netaundi Oranienburg. Muna 1945, 22 April, akasunungurwa nemauto eSoviet. 1950 asati, nzvimbo iyi yaiva mumusasa dzaifanoiswa kuti misha yacho NKVD.

nyaya

MuSachsenhausen (wevasungwa) yakavambwa muna 1936, muna July. Kwemakore, nhamba vasungwa ririmo, kusvikira 60 000 vanhu. On Muganhu fekitari iyi rufu vakauraya zvakawanda siyana nzira 100 000 vasungwa.

Kune akagadzirira uye perepodgotavlivalis "cadres" nokuda mumisasa vatotanga uye yakanga ichangotangwa. About muSachsenhausen kubva August 2, 1936 dzichengeterwe dzimbahwe "Inspections yevasungwa", iro muna March 1942 vakava nhengo gozvo boka D (wevasungwa) Main zvoupfumi-administrative muviri SS.

MuSachsenhausen - wevasungwa, umo pevhu pakaunda Committee hwagadzwa, iyo anoona chaizvo, zvikuru conspiratorial sangano vasungwa. The Gestapo kugona kumuwana. Pachivande inotungamirirwa General Aleksandr Semonovich Zotov.

Muna 1945, 21 April, akapiwa kuti atange rworufu. VaNazi vakaronga vanopfuura zviuru 30 vasungwa mbiru varume 500 kukanda mu kuBaltic Sea riviéra uye akaisa pamusoro ngarava. Vaida dare kuti mubve kubva kumahombekombe uye kunyura. Ndaneta uye shure vanhu kufora vakapfurwa. Saka, muMecklenburg musango pedyo Belova vasungwa vanoverengeka zana vakaurayiwa. Akaronga uremu liquidation vasungwa, zvisinei, asingagoni chinozoiswa, sezvo rubatsiro vasvika, mauto eSoviet. Ivo vari pakutanga May 1945 akasunungura vanhu kufamba.

G. N. Van der Bel (muSachsenhausen musungwa pasi nhamba 38190) akanyora kuti 26 000 vasungwa musi April 20, akasiya pamisasa usiku. Ndizvo akatanga kufamba. Zvechokwadi, pakutanga vakawana ngoro uye akadzinga naye kubva varwere varwere.

About hafu vasungwa ariita kutevedzana rufu kana vaurayiwa munzira, kana akafa. Asi akapukunyuka zvapupu. Advanced vamapoka mauto eSoviet muna 1945, April 22, akapinda muSachsenhausen (wevasungwa), izvo panguva iyoyo akanga vanenge 3,000 vasungwa.

"A" shongwe

Saka, tinofanira kuramba funga zvimwe muSachsenhausen (mumusasa). Tower "A" - chii? It ELECTROPULT iyo anoparadzira achangobuda rinoshandisirwa Barbed waya uye MeSH akatambanudza musasa munzvimbo netriangle guru. Neshongwe kwave yakarongwa commandant uye CAT muSachsenhausen. On masuo akanga akanyorwa kuti kutsoropodza mutsara Arbeit macht ókeypis ( «Work achikusunungurai"). wevasungwa Total akanga namapfumbamwe shongwe, umo muchadya ndima yayo.

neliö macheki

Very chaityisa aiva muSachsenhausen (mumusasa). History inoratidza kuti panzvimbo ino paiva achimisa-pasi inspections. On zvakanga kunze rejisita katatu pazuva. Kana paiva kupukunyutsa mumusasa, vasungwa dzakamanikidzwa kumira kwakawanda pasi sokuvapo anotiza hauna kubatwa. Panzvimbo ino kuitwawo pachena vaiurayiwa - ipapo pamatanda.

chiteshi Z

Zvaiita sokunge muSachsenhausen (wevasungwa)? Photos of nzvimbo iyi inogona kuwanikwa chero mabhuku Category. Vanogona kuona yemapurisa Z - chivako riri kunze munharaunda wevasungwa. Kuti vakanga vakaita vachiurayiwa.

mamiriro Izvi yakaiswa huchashandiswa naro kuuraya vapfurwa mumusoro, gasi mukamuri Yakavakirwa muna 1943, uye crematorium ine yamavira mana. Dzimwe nguva senga vanhu vakaenda ikoko zvakananga pasina achipfuura kunyoresa mumusasa wevasungwa. Ndokusaka munhu haagoni kuziva nhamba chaiyo vanhu vakafa pano.

penya bvunzo

Around kwakawanda muvhu yakanga neawakatumirwa njanji kubva pfumbamwe akasiyana coatings, izvo vaNazi yakabereka kunovhenekwa shangu. Daily vaisarudza vasungwa pariri akakunda sorokakilometrovye madaro panguva aimhanya siyana. Muedzo uyu 1944, SS kwakaoma. Ivo akamanikidzira vanhu kupfeka shangu uye kutakura mabhegi madiki gumi uye dzimwe nguva makirogiramu makumi maviri namashanu. Vasungwa vatongerwa kuti unhu cheki shangu nokuti nguva kubva mwedzi mumwe gore rimwe. Kana munhu akaita zvikuru chakakomba mhosva, zvinonzi basa ive isingazivikanwi mutongo.

Mhosva idzi vaionekwa sabhoteji, kwokutizira, kunenge kuedza kutiza, kushanyira mumwe yemauto incitement yokukanganiswa, kusimudzirwa mbiru dzimwe zvinotakura, pedophilia (art. 176), chipfambi zvoungochani, chibharo kana kumanikidza kwomurume varume huru musasa kuti ngochani, ungochani zvakaitwa vakabvumirana kwomurume varume. Ngochani, uyo akasvika muna muSachsenhausen, ndikatema chirango vakagamuchira pakarepo (Articles 175 uye 175a).

chipatara mabharaki

MuSachsenhausen - wevasungwa, apo zvokurapa kuedza rwaiitwa dzinotyisa. chinhu ichi chiri kusvitsa zvokurapa masangano muGermany mukuratidza anatomical zvinhu.

Nomugero nokuti kuuraya

The yakakurumbira zvikuru muSachsenhausen (wevasungwa)? The pamazita vasungwa zvikuru. Izvi fekitari rufu nepokuongorora anonzi kupfura maberere, mumwe morgue, michini pamatanda uye strelbischnym mugodhi. Pamatanda akanga akashongedzerwa aine loop nokuda musungwa musoro uye bhokisi iri kuti makumbo ake. Kutaura zvazviri, munhu akanga rwakatambanudzwa, kwete akasungirirwa. The Gestapo akarishandisa sokunge, kuita kupfura.

mujeri chivakwa

Musasa Gestapo mujeri uye Tselenbau vakanga yakavakwa 1936. Vane T-chimiro. vasungwa Special yaichengeterwawo ndoga uye masere. Pakati pavo paiva General Stefan cave-Stefan Rowecki - wokutanga mutungamiri Home Army. Akanga vapfurwa wevasungwa pashure kutanga ari Warsaw Mhirizhonga.

Vanhu vazhinji raisangoita muSachsenhausen (mumusasa). Bandera Stepan Taras Bulba-Borovets nevamwe vatungamiriri nationalist kufamba muUkraine yave akagumisa mujeri iri. Vamwe vavo vokuGermany yakabudiswa muna mukupera 1944.

Pakanga unokusuwa vakatapwa uye mufundisi Nemoller. In mugomba iri dzinewo rumwe vaprista (mweya 600), mukuru vemauto vakuru, siyana nhamba enyika, uyewo nhengo basa kufamba kubva France, Netherlands, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Germany, USSR uye Luxembourg.

Nhasi, wose rworuboshwe bapiro mujeri chete iri shanu makamuri iri zvachose kwemasimba reNational Socialist kumwedzi. Anoudza nezvemabasa fekitari iyi rufu. Mune mamwe makamuri (General cave-Stefan Rowecki) vakatasva plaques mumusasa vasungwa.

NKVD rinokosha musasa

Muna 1945, muna August, akanga kune muSachsenhausen "nhamba Special musasa 7" of NKVD. Izvi zvakagoverwa vaimbova vasungwa vehondo. Vakanga vagari Soviet, iri kutarisirwa kudzoka USSR, Social Democrats, vasingagutsikani yeutongi-mugovanisi magariro, vaimbova nhengo yebato reNazi, uyewo vaimbova vakuru German "Wehrmacht" uye vatorwa. Muna 1948, nzvimbo iyi zita rokuti "Special musasa nhamba 1". Somugumisiro, paiva remasangano dzinokosha misasa matatu, izvo zvaiva mujeri muSoviet mapazi ose basa. It yakavharwa muna 1950.

nzvimbo iyi yakatora makore 5 chete okuberekwa. Asi panguva iyi nayo akakwanisa kutora 60,000 vasungwa Soviet vehondo, izvo nokuneta uye nzara apo muusungwa akafa mweya inenge 12 zviuru.

mapoka vasungwa

Nhasi zvakaoma kuti vanhu kuyeuka muSachsenhausen (wevasungwa). The pamazita vasungwa zviri rakakura. Zvino tichazvidudzira pamusoro mapoka vasungwa. Maererano nedzimwe mishumo, muSachsenhausen nhau blue netriangle vaiva nevamwewo. Munguva kubva inception pakati wevasungwa kusvikira 1943 pane vakaurayiwa vamiririri 600 kurara vashoma. Kubvira muna 1943, ngochani kunyanya aishanda mumusasa muchipatara vanamukoti uye vanachiremba. Pashure pehondo vakawanda vasungwa vapenyu vakanga ungochani, hurumende German havana kupa muripo.

muSachsenhausen nhasi

GDR hurumende muna 1956 akamisa kumusasa wevasungwa munharaunda National chokurangaridza, iyo yakanga yavakwazve muna 1961, musi 23 April. The ipapo hurumende yakanga aronga gujunura mugove zvivako yepakutanga shumba uye hwokugadza chifananidzo, chinhu obelisk, kusika nzvimbo misangano. Basa zvakanyanyisa akasimbisa rinopikisa enyika uye chinooneka zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe mapoka.

Today muSachsenhausen ari miziyamu uye chirangaridzo. Ndima yayo yakazarukira veruzhinji. zvivako zvinoverengeka uye zvivako zvakachengetedzwa uye ndave reconstructed: wevasungwa masuwo, nharire, musasa yemauto (vechiJudha chikamu) uye crematorium yamavira.

Pakuyeuka avo vakaurayiwa mumusasa ngochani kuyeukwa Ibwe racho rakaitirwa chakashama tichitarisa muna 1992. Mune miziyamu muna 1998, paiva pashoo wakayeriswa kuti Zvapupu zvaJehovha kuti - vasungwa weSachsenhausen.

kosha vasungwa

Vakawanda inogona kuudzwa pamusoro muSachsenhausen (wevasungwa). Ndandanda vasungwa vake kudzidza saka kure. Vasungwa fekitari iyi rufu yakakurumbira vaiva sezvinotevera:

• Mwanakomana I. V. Stalina - Dzhugashvili Jakobho. akapfura wachi yake muna 1943, April 14, panguva zvomuenzaniso kuedza kupukunyuka.
• Stepan Bandera - mutungamiriri Ukrainian vezvourudzi. Kusunungurwa nehurumende yeGermany.
• Jaroslav Stetsko - mutungamiriri Ukrainian vezvourudzi. Kusunungurwa nezviremera German.
• Dmitriy Mihaylovich Karbyshev - nhapwa Red Army mukuru. Akatamisirwako kuna Mauthausen, apo akafa.
• Lambert Horn - dzechiKomonisiti, German paruzhinji uye enyika nhamba. Akazofa neleukemia.
• Fritz Thyssen - German industrialist enyika, musoro simbi dzesangano. Akatamisirwako kuna Buchenwald.
• Aleksandr Semonovich Zotov - General, uyo akatungamirira pachivande kwomusasa.
• Jurek Becker - munyori German uye screenwriter, mumusasa zvishoma, naamai vake.
• Max Lademann - German magariro uye Ndaimboita, dzechiKomonisiti, echimurenga.
• Lothar Erdmann - Social Democrat, mumwe mutori wenhau German.

commandants of yevasungwa

The commandant weSachsenhausen vaiva Karl Otto Koch (July 1936 - July 1937), Gans Helvig (August 1937 - 1938), Hermann Baranowski (1938 - September 1939), Walter Eisfeld (September 1939 - March 1940), Hans Loritz (April 1940 - August 1942), Anton Kaindl (August 31, 1942 - April 22, 1945).

Mugwagwa kuna muSachsenhausen

Vazhinji dzinonakidza kuona muSachsenhausen (wevasungwa). How kusvika pakufa mumisasa? Zvakakodzera Berlin Central Station kutyaira nenzira kuchiteshi Brandenburg Oranienburg Suburban chitima (S-rautateiden). The Rwendo kunotora maminitsi 45.

Kamwe iwe chakasvika Oranienburg (okupedzisira vanorega), unofanira kufamba kuna muSachsenhausen 3 km (kufamba anotora maminitsi 20) kana kumugamuchira mubhazi. The miziyamu mukova akasununguka. Pano unogona kutenga zvakarekodhwa guide. Kana uchida kuva mutungamiriri, ipapo unofanira kuunganidza (Minimum 15 vanhu) .Each mari 1 Euro rimwe boka. Tours Kune inopihwa mumitauro yose.

vazhinji Nhunzi nendege kubva kuRussia Berlin. Unogona kuwana mashoko Cheap Flights to Germany. Uyewo kune Berlin kubva kuMoscow pamwe Belarusian kuchiteshi ingasvikwa nechitima, iyo anomhanya vaviri pavhiki. Travel nguva anobva 26 kusvika 29 maawa.

mamwe mashoko

Vanhu vazhinji vakauya neshungu muSachsenhausen (mumusasa). Stalin akakonewa kumununura mwanakomana wake. Blokfyurery rinotungamirirwa ari commandant ane mumusasa wevasungwa vaikwikwidzana mukuvandudza nhumbi rufu. Sezvo nemimba SS, iyo crematorium uye matanda vaifanira kukonzera kutya pakati pezviuru vasungwa vehondo, vakauya kuna muSachsenhausen. The mapikicha ari kuratidza, uye Notes rinopa mumwe: zviso vasungwa kuenda scaffold, pakanga pasina kutya, hapana kutya.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti kunze kwezvinhu vokuGermany vakanga vasingagoni kusiyanisa pakati Soviet vanhu - Ivo vakanga vose mumwe munhu. Kuziva vaJudha, vaNazi vakasundira vasungwa kuzokusunungura kupfeka, kuwana kudzingiswa. Kana Naizvozvo truncated muJudha. Vasungwa vakanga zvakamanikidzwa zhamba shoko "zviyo". Kana munhu ane chirimi, pakarepo akapfurwa.

Kufanana nevamwe rufu mumisasa, vepamusorosoro kurwadziswa nzira yakagadzirwa panguva muSachsenhausen. Nokuti muduku munhu mhosva akarohwa netsvimbo pamwe simbi waya, rabha neshamhu, akarembera padanda netambo kana nengetani namaoko yakakoswa. Izvi chisekeso anonzi SS chirango, uye vasungwa - matsotsi. Kutaura chokwadi, mashoko chete "utsotsi" vasungwa yakanga kuti vakabatwa kana vaiva vaJudha. Vanotyisa kurwadziswa yakagadzirwa vakadzi kusununguka. At muSachsenhausen vasungwa vokuGermany noruzivo mhando itsva chepfu, chepfu, magasi, kugadzirira pamusoro typhus, kutsva uye mamwe makuvaro uye zvirwere.

Kwakaita migumisiro iri vanhu mishonga zvaigadzirwa chete pamusoro vasungwa Soviet. Achiuraya SS akashandisa muchetura magasi kuti munda zvipukanana wavatsakatisa. Asi ivo havana kuziva chii inouraya dose kunodiwa vanhu. Kuti vanokurondedzera, ivo aiitisa kwakaita vasungwa zvaifudzwa kupinda yepasi, kuchinja dose uye kugadzira nenguva rufu.

MuSachsenhausen akaisa vavengi reNazi hurumende muEurope. Pasinei romutauro, kuvapo mumusasa akatonga Inter-dzinza kubatana kwechokwadi, Fraternity. Czechs, vomuNorway, antifascists German yeDutch - mukuru basa zvikwata, mukuru pakati yemauto vanamabharani akanunura reSoviet vanhu. The pashoo unotora munhu muzvizhinji uchapupu.

Vamwe vasungwa - the vokuDenmark uye vomuNorway - vakagamuchira ezvokudya. The risk pachavo, havana akaudzawo zvokudya vasungwa Soviet. Kana izvi zvikazikamwa kune SS, uye avo uye vamwe chirango zvakaomarara.