Dzidziso Allen Dulles, kuti deginamajai wekambani (1945)

Muna June 2015, vezvenhau Russian akanga kuparadzira nhau kuti chisarudzo Municipal Court weguta Sverdlovsk Region Asbestos rugwaro gwaro, inozivikanwa se "dzidziso Allen Dulles" akawanikwa mhirizhonga zvinhu. Saizvozvowo, kurambidzwa kushandiswa kwayo rakaiswa chero murayiro. Chii Gwaro ichi, kuvanda ngozi munzanga, uye ndiani Mr. Dulles, ruri mumatope okunamata kwayo pakusikwa? Edza kunzwisisa.

Bestseller, vakasikwa duku enyika

Allen DC, ane Biography zvava kuwanikwa voruzhinji chete pashure pakupera basa ravo, musoro zvikuru nomukurumbira munyika yenjere, yainzi deginamajai, aibva mumhuri ane nhengo kwemakumi emakore achiitei zvinzvimbo zvepamusoro vari American nedzenyu basa.

Akaberekwa April 7, 1893 mu Watertown, New York. A kuziva akadzama, asi munguva nemakore masere, pashure pokuteerera enyika nharo vakuru, Allen akataura pamusoro bepa pachake nemaonero, uye kupupura kwake, rakabudiswa muna kabhuku chimiro, akava Bestseller. Mavari, akatora kupfuura zvakasimba parutivi vaya vainzwa "akagumbuka".

Scout ari achinyepera kuva Wenyika

Tapedza kudzidza muna 1914 Prinstaunsky University Dulles aifamba chaizvo, kushanyira India, China, uye kuFar East. Kare US, zviri pachena kwete pasina kudzivirira mhuri vakapinda nedzenyu basa uye akapedza makore anozotevera, vakabata nzvimbo dzakasiyana kuVienna, Berlin uye Constantinople. Semumiriri United States Allen muchirongwa Nhaurirano chokuita kumagumo World War Rokutanga. Zvisinei, nokuda kwake kubvuma aifanira kuita njere zvinhu pane nedzenyu.

In zvinofambirana nezviri Civil Service Allen Dulles akapedza kudzidza George Washington University uye kwechinguva aiva nhengo wemurairo rakasimba, asi, sokuti, pasina kunzwa chikumbiro ichi basa nokukurumidza vakamusiya. Achienderera mberi zvikuru mabasa ayo panguva thirties, aiitawo wandei makuru dzomunyika Misangano.

Musoro US njere

Pakutanga Hondo Yenyika II, Dulles zvikanzi mudonzvo richangobva akasika Office Strategic Services, uye mumakore maviri ave mukuru wake uchenjeri centre muBern. Asi chaizvoizvo chakachinja rake basa rakanga pokugadzwa pashure pehondo, US Central Intelligence Agency (deginamajai), pasi zvakananga President uye akaronga kuti pakarepo Implementation yemabasa ayo, uye kuti vaite yokuvanda kushandiswa. Yakanga, maererano vaongorori vakawanda, "dzidziso Allen Dulles" nomukurumbira agamuchirwa. Muna 1945, ndizvo zvakanga musi akamubereka.

Makore masere andakapedza kwenzira US ungwaru, aiva nhamba yake basa, izvo yakakanganiswa muna 1961 pashure akatadza kuedza kupinda American muchiuto muna Cuba. Pasinei chokwadi kuti, maererano nyanzvi, chikuru mhosva akarara ari kukundikana kushanda zvakananga US President, Dulles akanga acharega.

Author chisipo gwaro

Pashure imwe makore masere mushure kusiya vehurumende, aimbova mukuru deginamajai aiva munyori wemabhuku akawanda pamusoro vatorwa mutemo, uyewo chikamu zhinji TV uye Zvirongwa. Zvinonzi vaiona kuti zviri mavari yakarira nomukurumbira dzidziso uto pamusoro Allen Dulles. Zvisinei, vaongorori vanoti, zvakadai gwaro pamwe siginicha yake haako.

A uwane kuongorora dzidziso anonzi kwaari, chokuita mukana zvechiuto chiito pamusoro Soviet Union, zviri pachena kuti iri gwaro wakagadzirira muna August 1948, US National Security Council. Kuti kudanwa kuti dzidziso Allen Dulles - deginamajai wokuimba.

1945, uko kwakaguma Hondo Yenyika II, razova, chokwadi, iri kutituma iri nyaya United States uye Soviet Union kuti ramangwana pabonde. Zvaive munguva iyi zuro wacho vatsigiri vaifanira kutora sarudzo anokosha pasango dzimwe negwaro. Nezvenyaya iyi, mune rimwe misangano reCongress uye akaita mushumo, anonzi Allen Dulles, kunyange zvazvo, maererano vaongorori vakanga vasina ukama kana kuti iye pachake kana kuti sangano rake.

Article 20/1 of gwaro

Maererano mashoko gwaro, declassified nhasi uye akazozivikanwa sezvo gwaro 20/1, matambudziko akatarisana nehurumende US, vakanga vakakamurwa kuva mapoka maviri. Chokutanga mazita matanho hunodiwa zvinoitirwawo hondo Soviet Union uye kukunda kwavari. Mukana kwataisvika haina kufungwa nezvazvo. Boka rechipiri kuti funga dambudziko, iyo aifanira kusarudza ari chiitiko kuti nzira zviitiko haitungamiriri yemauto nebope.

Muchiitiko pasina uto kupindira

Zvisinei, ichi anonzi rugare chisarudzo, anogovera wandei chaiwo matanho zvainanga mukuderedza simba muchiuto uye dzakawanda zvaiitwa Moscow. Uchifunga Soviet Union sezvo kurwisa nyika nhau, ari gwaro rinotaura kuti matambudziko ari hurumende yake kuchinja dzidziso uye tsika mitemo dzakawanda.

Tinoona kuti uchingopfuura kuti zviito zvavo vari dzakawanda munhandare, akadai sangano pakaparadzwa Prime Minister Mossadegh pakati Iran (1953), President Arbenz pakati Guatemala (1954), uyewo boka nevamwe vatungamiriri pakuti mhiri kwemakungwa enyika vakanzwa zvikuru kodzera mugove. Kunyange akatadza nechisimba Cuba haana nokuvadzidzisa kuzvidemba.

Simba nezvaaiita

Kana chomunda vemauto zviitiko, kuti gwaro 20/1, kazhinji achimiririrwa 'The Doctrine pamusoro Allen Dulles, "Handina kutarisira basa rose nyika, nemhaka yokunyanyisa noupamhi munharaunda yayo. Uyewo, pane kuti hazvibviri kuti kumanikidza nokuiswa pakati ayo Vagari hweruzhinji muchimiro nayo unogamuchirwa kuMadokero.

Chikonzero zvinoratidzwa kusavapo anodiwa zvenhoroondo tsika. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mhiri kwemakungwa vaongorori havana vaiona huru chinhu - Mhedziso hazvibviri kumanikidza chinhu nechisimba mupfungwa dzedu. Achitendeukira munhoroondo Russia, vaikwanisa kuita izvi nyore.

nhoroondo nyepera

Zvino akarondedzera gwaro rakanzi "Dzidziso pamusoro Allen Dulles," mashoko iyo, maererano chisarudzo Asbest City Court zvakarurama Zvinyorwa nokuwanda mhirizhonga zvinhu. Pasinei nokuti vakanyora basa iri, yakabuda panguva Cold Hondo uye zvainanga akavanzika patsika wenyika vedu vakawanda riri zvoga aimbova mukuru deginamajai, vaongorori ano ichi chinoita kuti vamwe nechokwadi.

Chekutanga, Chirungu mashoko gwaro, dzinenge dziri shanduro umo zvazikamwa, haana pamutemo haana kumiririrwa, uye vatsigiri vose nderechokwadi anotaura shanduro Russian chete. Chepiri chidzidzo hwakadzama Doctrine Dulles nomumwe atakatora hazvishamisi afanane inonyatsozivikanwa mitsetse mabasa ose AS Ivanov, "Eternal Call", iri shanduro yakabudiswa 1981.

Plagiarism wakabudiswa enyika pfungwa

Zvikurukuru, vaongorori vakawanda aidzidza kufanana pakati rine post-hondo dzidziso Allen Dulles, uye mashoko akanyudzwa Anatoliem Ivanovym mumuromo akaipa hunhu yokufungidzira ake "Asingagumi Call" - yaimbova White Guard, akanga ari basa vokuGermany. Muzviitiko zvacho zvose, pane kunoda Soviet vanhu pasi nokuda kwayo patsika, uye kuenzanisa magwaro anoratidza zvakakwana kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro nokuzivikanwa.

Uyezve, dzidziso Allen Dulles - deginamajai wokuimba, ndezvokuti inonyatsoratidza enyaya gamba iri yokufungidzira FM "Madhimoni," Dostoyevsky kuti - Petra Verhovenskogo. Kuti uone ichi, zvakatikwanira kuti kuzarura chigadzirwa, funga mashoko ake kuti kugadzwa simba pamusoro pavanhu, iye nevamwe vakaita saiye vari kuenda kuzvitengesa kuva "utsinye, vane udyire the scum".

Nzira kuwana chinangwa yakadaro Verhovensky anoona nokuiswa dzakafara pavazhinjisa nokudhakwa, hunonyadzisa uye paanotsamwa. Chinhu chikuru - ndiye kuzvitsinhanisa zvechokwadi yetsika nhungamiro zvekufungidzira nezviito zvainanga kupatsanurwa vanhu kubva yake yaakaberekerwa yemidzi.

Uye pakupedzisira, vavariro izvi kuridza iri yokufungidzira George Dold-Mikhailik "Pana Black Knights", yakabuda pamusoro echiShinto kuti kuzvitoro zvemabhuku munyika yedu muna 1965. Mariri mumwe vatambi, uye mamiriro nzira inoenda patsika munzanga, kuwedzera kune mamwe matanho, I kutarisa kuzvitsinhanisa ari chitendero chechokwadi, yaingowanikwa vanhu kubatanidzwa vake pevatongi tumapoka. Uyezve, pasina izvozvo varumbidzwa dzavo pakagadzwa.

In Search ane Author fakes

izvi zvose, ini angati, "purogiramu chiito", mune mumwe dhigirii kana mumwe inosanganisira "Dulles dzidziso" pasi kukurukurwa. Hapana mubvunzo kuti chinyorwa chacho chokwadi, plagiarism, muunganidzwa munhu exposures rakatorwa munyori (kana vanyori) zvakasiyana-siyana mumutauro wokuRussia mabhuku. Panyaya iyi, vanhu vanonzi vokuAmerica Wenyika uye noungwaru mumiririri anova kunyange kashoma.

Ndiani, zvino, ndiye muvambi inonyadzisa essays, inonzi "Dulles dzidziso"? mubvunzo uyu kungasanyanya zvinogoneka kuwana mhinduro chaiwo. Asi izvi ndizvo zvinangwa zviri kutsvakwa munyori, zviri zvikuru pachena kana tikatarisa pakutanga nineties, mumamiriro ezvinhu umo gwaro nevakawanda wokurera.

yokurwisana kuderera nokuda kugadzirisa

Nguva pfupi asati kuti, mukupera eighties, izvozvo kwapera anonzi Cold War - nguva enyika nokurwisana pakati Eastern uye nyika dzokuMadokero, musasa, iyo inotungamirirwa muUnited States. Kubva kare wakashata Iron Keteni, uye ukama pakati rwemberi akava pachena kwete kudziya chete, asiwo nemiitiro pachena convergence kuti zuro wacho vavengi.

Zvinosuruvarisa ruzivo akaratidza kuti kunyange nenguva kugadziridzwa iyeye kusawirirana pamwe azvaiitwa zvakanaka kuti kwete inoenderana zvose. Nokukurumidza, vari mumisasa vose vakaratidza zvayo dzakajeka paangavanda vavengi shandisa hondo dzavo unotofanira iripo kwavari.

transatlantic nyepera

Zvinogoneka kuti nevanhu ndanzwawo kuti kutendeuka voruzhinji kuzorwa Vagari ari Kishi nyika, hurumende US, rave akambochera ndokuiswa mhando nyepera motokari, vakaisawo se "dzidziso Allen Dulles" (deginamajai Director). Pasinei chokwadi kuti chinyorwa yaro nhevedzano zvishomanana kubva mumutauro wokuRussia mabhuku mabasa, izvo US mukuru haaigona kuva chiratidzo, zvinokwanisika kuti munyori richiri kuti kutsvaka mhiri kwemakungwa.

nharo dzakadai se "The Doctrine pamusoro Allen Dulles 'deginamajai uye ne'dzidziso dzinopesana - zvikuru kukodzera akagadzirwa" rinotyisa nyaya "kuti pfungwa vanhu kwemakore akawanda akanga vakadhakwa anoparadzirwa Soviet, rinomiririra nyika dzokuMadokero chinhu zvinogona muvengi. Against ichi kufanana nevechiduku mafungiro aigona zvakanaka kuridza mhiri kwemakungwa vavengi zvakanaka urongwa kuti paita mukutanga nineties.

The kukarukureta hachina kusvika kutarisirwa creators pakati fakes, uye Allen Dulles haana kuva chiratidzo nezvengozi unobva kunyika dzokuMadokero. Nhasi, ari normalization ukama pakati United States uye Russia vachiri vanomiririra akasiyana munda webasa kuti vamiriri vose nyika, asi zvikonzero zviri yakasiyana kurongeka.