Fulminate kuti nemekiyuri

Muzana remakore rechi17, Johann Kunkel kutanga akamuka nemekiyuri fulminate. Pave kugadzirwa mukomboni ino chinorondedzerwa mubhuku rake rinonzi, yakabudiswa pashure pokufa alchemist. Pashure kuwanikwa nemekiyuri fulminate asina kushandiswa kusvikira 1800. kugadzira kubva mukomboni yokubika rakazarurwa Edward Howard. Masayendisiti akadzidza zvakawanda zvivako zvayo. Chaiwo makemikari anoumba mukomboni akataura Liebig anenge 1824.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti risati chiitiko ichi muna 1807, gore Forsyth patented kushandiswa nefuma sechinhu initiator kuti detonation kuti upfu dema. Muna 1836, gore rakanga akasikwa nepfuti, iyo inoshandisa percussion igniter. Percussion primers muRussia vakatanga kubereka kubva 1843, gore. Nobel muna 1867 akazogadzira rikavapo chivharo, iyo yave kushandiswa ne akabudirira detonation pamusoro Dynamite.

Mercury fulminate iri zvakakwana muchetura akakura. Asi ngozi yacho huru, sezvo zvinoitika, hakusi muchetura.

The mamiriro zvakare yave deciphered rattlesnakes munyu zvakazara 1890. yeimwe izvi zvesayenzi vava kupfuura muchinyatsongwarira zita - fulminates ( "mheni").

Kwemakore akawanda, nemekiyuri fulminate kuvesa mutariri gunpowder uye Dynamite. Zvisinei, mumakore achangopfuura zvakatanga kushandiswa, uye zvimwe yeimwe. Somuenzaniso, idzva kumharuro zvinoputika - teneres uye vatungamirire azide. Racho, maererano masayendisiti, huru nhasi.

Mercury fulminate "kutya" mvura. Uyezve, pamaitiro, hazvisi nguva inokwanisa afunge yechipiri basa remubatanidzwa uye kazhinji zvinoda mamwe detonator.

Mercury fulminate achimiririrwa wachena kana chichena crystalline upfu. In yakaoma chimiro rinoratidza mukuru aikanganiswa nehana, moto, uye dzimwe abrasion nemishonga. Kuputika kunoitika apo pachena mukomboni kuti kuramba sulfuric acid. Manyowa nemekiyuri fulminate chikonzero acids simba, uyewo kubika uye zvinoitwa alkaline munyu.

Formula nemekiyuri (rattlesnake) HG (CNO) 2.

Kubva aqueous mhinduro crystallization kunoitika hemihydrate yeyero ruvara (nokuda pamberi nouipi hydrolysis chigadzirwa). Not ane solubility zvakanaka panyaya iyi.

White nadzurudzo uye akava kuoneka kuramba chafariz uye nemakemikari nemishonga. Kubatwa chiedza chezuva - mukufamba irradiation anotanga rima uye pamusoro akaturikidzana akaumba nemekiyuri.

The combustion mwero sezvakarayirwa 15.5 mm / s. Pane nemekiyuri fulminate kushingaira maitiro pamwe magnesium kana aruminiyamu, kunyanya pamberi unyoro. Kunogona kukonzera kuputika. Panyaya iyi, panofanira kuva kuonana kuti nemekiyuri fulminate uye simbi idzi.

The yakaoma remubatanidzwa vakaratidza zvakakwana kunonoka maitiro nemhangura, sirivha, cadmium. Pasinei mamiriro (nyoro kana mufushwa) hakurevi sei pamwe simbi kana simbi.

Kana vachibatwa kuridza remubatanidzwa uchiora pasina kuputika. Munguva imwe makumi matatu muzana mwando zvachose anorasikirwa utetsa kwayo. Pamusangano tembiricha rworwendo anopfuura makumi mashanu inotanga kunonoka manyowa kuti nemekiyuri fulminate. Izvi zvinoitika kunyange rakaoma ezvinhu. Pamusangano tembiricha kuti 90-95 madhigirii kwamazuva mashoma remubatanidzwa uchiora zvachose. Izvi unoumba yero non-putika zvinhu. Kana kuwedzera mukomboni kusvika 10% kubva ethyl remubatanidzwa Exhibits kugadzikana panguva tembiricha kusvikira madhigirii makumi masere.

Kupisa mutariri compressed unzenza, achienda detonation. Rinokosha rakavhara remubatanidzwa rinozadzisa kurasikirwa zvivako zviri kumharuro putika. The velocity pamusoro detonation ose 2300 m / s, kana arambe achirema iri 1.25 g / cm3. Kupisa kuputika - 1,79 MJ / makirogiramu. The Vhoriyamu detonation mishonga - 315 l / makirogiramu.

Kupfuurira rinoitwa panguva kumanikidzwa 250-300 makirogiramu / cm2 nenyunje chivharo.