Rizivikanwe mudzimba zvipenyu uye Zvavakawana

Kutozosvikira XIX remakore, pfungwa "zvipenyu" hakuwaniki, uye vaya vari mubasa kudzidza zvakasikwa, rinonzi estestvoznatelyami, zvakasikwa. Zvino masayendisiti izvi kuzodana madzitateguru Biological Sciences. Ngatiyeukei, vakanga mudzimba zvipenyu (uye kuvhura navo zvishoma kutsanangura), nekufemera kukura zvipenyu sechinhu sainzi , uye nheyo itsva nzira.

ARMENIA Vavilov (1887-1943)

zvipenyu dzedu uye Zvavakawana anozivikanwa yose. Pakati yakakurumbira - Nikolay Ivanovich Vavilov, nyanzvi Soviet, geographer, mwene, geneticist. Akaberekwa ari mumhuri mushambadzi, akanga akadzidza ari Institute of Agriculture. Kwemakore makumi maviri, akatungamirira dzesayenzi nzendo kudzidza kasvisto. Iye akafamba rinenge yose kunze Australia uye Antarctica. A yakasiyana muunganidzwa mbeu siyana.

Panguva neboka ramakororo, masayendisiti kuziva nzvimbo yaigara anorimwa zvirimwa. Iye akataura kuti pane zvimwe nzvimbo mavambo. Akaita mupiro wakakura kuti kudzidza chirimwa kutapata uye kwakaratidza mutemo homologous series, izvo akabvumira kuti pave regularities ari shanduka hwomuti nyika. Muna 1940, nyanzvi, akasungwa mhosva dzenhema kuti embezzlement pamusoro. Akafa ari mujeri, paakanga afa rehabilitated.

Ao Kovalevsky (1840-1901)

Pakati mapiyona nenzvimbo chakakodzera nzvimbo mumhuri zvipenyu. Uye yawanika poyavliyali pamusoro pokumuka nyika nesayenzi. Pakati pose mukurumbira vatsvakurudzi invertebrates - Aleksandr Onufrievich Kovalevsky, nyanzvi yezvinhu zvipenyu uye embryologist. Akadzidziswa pane St. Petersburg University. Akadzidza mhuka zvomumvura, akaedza pakundopambara kuna Red, reCaspian, Mediterranean uye Gungwa reAdriatic remazuva ano. Created Sevastopol zvomumvura zvoutachiona yemapurisa uye vagara mukuru waro. Akaita mupiro mukuru akwariyamu.

Aleksandr Onufrievich akadzidza embryology uye physiology pamusoro invertebrates. Aiva mutsigiri yaDarwin uye kudzidza nzira-shanduka. Iye tsvakurudzo mune physiology, anatomi uye histology pamusoro invertebrates. Akava mumwe havaoni ose shanduka embryology uye histology.

II Mechnikov (1845-1916)

masayendisiti edu, nyanzvi dzezvinhu zvipenyu uye Zvavakawana vave akaonga nenyika. Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov muna 1908 akahwina Mubayiro muna Physiology kana Medicine. Mechnikov akaberekwa mumhuri mukuru, akadzidza paYunivhesiti Kharkov. It wakazarura intracellular kugaya, cellular kutapata, vachishandisa yakaonekwa kuti ndeyechokwadi nzira Embryology zvakajairika kwakabva vertebrates uye invertebrates.

Akashanda pamusoro nyaya shanduka uye embryology uye pamwe Kovalevsky akava muvambi mirayiridzo iyi dzesayenzi. Mechnikov zvinyorwa zvakanga zvikuru mukurwisa zvirwere, sefivha, tibhii, korera. Masayendisiti ari mubasa dzinotsanagura kukwegura. Aidavira kuti vakurumidze rufu Kusvibisa pedyo microbial chepfu uye aitsigira Utsanana nzira kurwisa, guru basa kudzorera intestinal microflora uchishandisa dheri zvigadzirwa. musayendisiti Russian wakasika munhu kuchikoro immunology, zvidukuduku, zvokurwara.

Pavlov II (1849-1936)

Chii mupiro adzidze yakakwirira kutya basa vane masayendisiti edu, nyanzvi dzezvinhu zvipenyu uye Zvavakawana? Yokutanga Russian akahwina mubayiro weNobel mune zvokurapa razova Pavlov Ivan Petrovich basa rake physiology kuti kugaya. The Russian zvipenyu huru uye physiologist, aiva musiki sayenzi yakakwirira huta basa. Akatanga pfungwa yacho unconditional uye riine hunenge.

The musayendisiti vaibva mumhuri hwavaprista, uye kudzidza kubva Ryazan Theological Seminary. Asi mugore rapera ndakaverenga bhuku I. M. Sechenova pamusoro uropi hunenge uye akatanga kufarira biology uye mushonga. Akadzidza physiology remhuka St. Petersburg University. Pavlov vachishandisa zvomusejari nzira makore 10 akadzidza muudzame physiology kuti kugaya uye zvidzidzo izvi vakagamuchira Nobel Prize. Imwe nzvimbo kufarira yaiva yakakwirira huta basa, kudzidza yaakanga chose makore 35 ekuberekwa. Iye akatanga dzinokosha Dzidziso sayenzi ari zvounhu - uye zvimiso kusiko hunenge chisimbiso.

Koltsov NK (1872-1940)

Kuramba musoro "Domestic zvipenyu uye Zvavakawana." Nikolay Konstantinovich Koltsov - zvipenyu, muvambi School of experimental Biology. Akaberekwa mumhuri akaundendi. Akapedza kudzidza Moscow University, apo akadzidza okufananidza anatomi uye embryology, kuunganidza mashoko kwesayenzi mumarabhoritari European. Yarongwa murabhoritari experimental Biology panguva vanhu University Shanyavsky.

Ndakadzidza biophysics nemasero, zvinoshandiswa kusarudza chimiro chayo. mabasa aya aisanganisira mune zvesayenzi inonzi "Koltsov musimboti". Koltsov - mumwe havaoni kuti genetics muRussia, ari murongi rokutanga mumarabhoritari uye weDhipatimendi experimental Biology. The musayendisiti inotangwa matatu chiteshi vokubereka. Akava Russian musayendisiti wokutanga uyo akashandisa mumuviri uye zvemakemikari nzira pakutsvakurudza vokubereka.

KA Timiryazev (1843-1920)

masayendisiti Russian, nyanzvi dzezvinhu zvipenyu uye Zvavakawana mumunda chirimwa physiology vakabatsira pokumuka nezvigadziko esayenzi agronomy. Timiryazev Kliment Arkadevich aiva dzinongoitika musayendisiti, mutsvakurudzi uye nditsigire pfungwa yacho photosynthetic Darwin. The musayendisiti aibva mumhuri anokudzwa, vakapedza kudzidza University of St. Petersburg.

Timiryazev akadzidza mubvunzo chirimwa zvokudya, photosynthesis, kwemvura kuramba. Masayendisiti havasi chete zvesayenzi yakaisvonaka, asi kuda kukosha kukuru kushandiswa chaikwo tsvakurudzo. Aiva mutariri ane ruzivo munda waiva akasiyana-siyana fetiraiza uye wakanyorwa kukanganisa kwavo pamusoro chirimwa. Nemhaka yokudzidza ichi, kurima kwakaita kufambira mberi kukuru munzira intensification.

Michurin IV (1855-1935)

zvipenyu Russian uye Zvavakawana yekudyidzana uchiumba zvokurima uye horticulture. Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin - anozivikanwa zvipenyu uye mwene. madzitateguru ake akanga nechavakuru vemo zviduku, ivo vanogamuchirwa musayendisiti vanofarira nekurima. In muduku, akatora hanya mubindu, miti yakawanda yakanga nhomba nababa vake, sekuru uye zimbuya. Selection basa Michurin akatanga kumhanya nenzira neimba yairendwa. Panguva basa vakauya vanopfuura 300 akasiyana kurimwa zvinomera, kusanganisira avo dzakashandisa nechepakati mapazi weRussia ezvinhu.

Tikhomirov AA (1850-1931)

masayendisiti Russian, nyanzvi dzezvinhu zvipenyu uye Zvavakawana vakakubatsira kuvaka mirayiridzo itsva mune zvokurima. Aleksandr Andreevich Tihomirov - nyanzvi yezvinhu zvipenyu, chiremba kuti zvidzidzo zvemhuka uye Rector of Moscow State University. In St. Petersburg University, akagamuchira mutemo wake dhigirii, asi akafarirawo zvipenyu uye akagamuchira dhigirii yechipiri pa Moscow University iri dhipatimendi sciences zvakasikwa. Masayendisiti akawana kuti Chiitiko kubata parthenogenesis, mumwe zvikamu zvikuru wacho kukura. Akaita mupiro mukuru kukura sericulture.

IM Sechenov (1829-1905)

The Musoro "Famous masayendisiti, nyanzvi dzezvinhu zvipenyu uye Zvavakawana" kwaizova kukwana pasina kutaurwa Ivana Mihaylovicha Sechenova. Ndicho akakurumbira Russian shanduka zvipenyu, physiologist uye mudzidzisi. Mumhuri muridzi womunda, akanga akadzidza paChikoro Main School of Engineering uye University of Moscow.

Masayendisiti akadzidza uropi uye vakawana pakati, kukonzera chinovhiringidza ari nechepakati tsinga, uropi vaudzewo kukuvara tsandanyama basa. Akanyora chaiwo basa "hunenge of Brain", umo iye akagadzira pfungwa yokuti vanoziva uye chavanoziva mabasa vakazvipira dziri hunenge. Ndakasvitsa uropi sezvo kombiyuta, iyo anodzora pezvakaitwa ose zvinokosha. Vaakaruramisa ari kufema mashandiro ropa. Scientist akasika physiology chikoro wokuRussia.

Di Ivanovsky (1864-1920)

Mugumo XIX - mangwanani XX remakore - imwe nguva apo aishanda zvipenyu zvikuru Russian. Uye Zvavakawana dzavo (tafura chero saizi vasingagoni aenderane dzavo mazita) vakabatsira kutanga mushonga uye zvipenyu. Pakati pavo Dmitriy Iosifovich Ivanovsky - physiologist, mumwe microbiologist uye muvambi virology. Akadzidziswa pane St. Petersburg University. Kunyange pataidzidza vaifarira chirimwa zvirwere.

Masayendisiti pfungwa kuti zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nemabhakitiriya tuduku kana muchetura. Mavhairasi pachavo ndaona ane Erekitironi maikorosikopu, makore chete 50 gare gare. Zvinonzi vaiona tateguru Ivanovsky Virology somunhu sainzi. Masayendisiti vari kudzidza kwauchaita doro chinovira uye sei izvozvo chlorophyll uye okisijeni, kuti anatomi zvinomera, ivhu zvidukuduku.

Four-SS (1880-1959)

zvipenyu Russian uye Zvavakawana vakabatsira kuti kukura genetics. Chetverikov Sergey Sergeevich akaberekwa mhuri muridzi fekitari musayendisiti, vakadzidza paUniversity of Moscow. Uyu muenzaniso geneticist uye anodavira, uyo akaronga kudzidza yedzinza mune vanhu mhuka. Nemhaka yokudzidza ichi, vatsvakurudzi vaiona muvambi shanduka genetics. Iye nheyo kurangwa itsva - genetics kuti vanhu.

Iwe verenga nyaya inoti "uye The anozivikanwa Russian masayendisiti, nyanzvi dzezvinhu zvipenyu Zvavakawana." Tafura yavo budiriro inogona kuitwa pachishandiswa yaida zvinhu.