Stirling injini - kushanda musimboti. The low-tembiricha Stirling injini (mufananidzo)

Stirling injini, nheyo iri qualitatively rakasiyana zvatinosiita ose dzomunyika injini, kamwe Wakapedzisira kukwikwidzana. Zvisinei, pane imwe nguva akakanganwa nezvazvo. Sezvo injini iri kushandiswa nhasi, chii nheyo huchishanda (munyaya anogona kuwanikwa injini Stirling vanodhirowa anoratidza basa rake), uye chii vane tarisiro kushandiswa ramangwana, ona pazasi.

nyaya

Muna 1816, Robert Stirling muScotland akanga patented kupisa injini, ainzi nhasi rokukudza kwayo muvambi. Yokutanga mhepo inopisa injini vakanga yakaitwa pamberi pake. Asi Stirling akawedzera mudziyo cleanerkuva kuti hwokugadzira mabhuku anonzi regenerator kana kupisa exchanger. Pamusana kwaari, vakawedzera injini kuita apo wakabata chikwata kuchipisa.

Engine akabvuma zvikuru rakasimba hwemvura injini zvinowanikwa panguva, sezvo haana raputika. Pamberi pake, vamwe Motors akadaro dambudziko kunoitika kakawanda. Pasinei mangwanani kubudirira, mukuvamba ramakumi remakore, kubva ayo kukura wapera, sezvo yava shoma mari-kubudirira tichienzanisa zvichiitika ipapo mamwe womukati combustion injini uye dzemagetsi Motors. Zvisinei, Stirling achiri kushandiswa mune dzimwe maindasitiri.

External injini

Nheyo anoita zvose kupisa injini ndechokuti huru zvemaziso masimba pane imwe compression inotonhora iri rakawedzerwa mamiriro nokuda gasi inodiwa. Kutaridza chiitiko ichi chinogona kuitwa nemashoko maviri hari izere nemvura inotonhora uye inopisa uyewo nehombodo. The yokupedzisira anonyudzwa mumvura inotonhora, chivhariso chubhu, ipapo kune rinopisa. Kana gasi muguchu anotanga kuita zvokuimba basa uye ejects ari chivhariso. First kwokunze injini inobva muitiro zvachose. Zvisinei, gare gare muvambi vakaziva kuti kupisa anogona kushandiswa kudziyisa. Saka, kuita yakawedzera zvinooneka. Asi kunyange izvi hazvina kubatsira injini kuti kuchapararira.

Gare gare Erickson, makanika kubva Sweden, kuvandudzwa magadzirirwo chipiriso dzaserera uye nenharo gasi panguva kuramba kumanikidzwa pachinzvimbo vhoriyamu. Somugumisiro, vazhinji makopi akatanga kushandiswa basa mumigodhi, ngarava uye kudhindwa. Asi nokuda zvikwata, vakanga kumuremera.

External Combustion Engines kubva Philips

Motors Ndivo marudzi anotevera:

• chiutsi;
• kuti chiutsi turbine;
• Stirling.

The ndewechiLatin haana kuva nokuda low rakavimbika uye vamwe havasi soro prices zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe mhando vezvikwata kukaonekwa. Zvisinei, muna 1938, Philips ndiye akatangazve basa. Engines vajaira kutyaira emagetsi mu neelektrofitsirovannyh munzvimbo. Muna 1945, chekambani mainjiniya vakaona zvimwe kushandisa: kana nomubato kuti kuruka ane electric motor, kuti kutonhora humburumbira musoro auya kubvisa chimwe namakumi mapfumbamwe Celsius. Zvadaro kwakasarudzwa kuti kushandiswa Refrigeration gadziriro akavandudzika Stirling injini.

musimboti oparesheni

Zvakaitwa injini ndiko kushanda pazuva thermodynamic zvinogara, umo ndepana kusiyanisa tembiricha compression uye kuwedzera. Saka kushanda Urume chokubuda murau chaitwa nokuda kusiyanisa inzwi (kana kumanikidzwa - zvichienderana muenzaniso). Ndiyo musimboti vakawanda michina izvi, izvo zvinogona kuita zvakasiyana mabasa uye magadzirirwo zvirongwa. Engines vangave reciprocating kana muhombe. Michina namapoka avo anoshanda sezvo kupisa pombi, No, kumanikidza emagetsi uye zvichingodaro.

Uyezve, pane yakavhurika-kutenderera michini, apo aibuda murau chaitwa kuburikidza mavharuvhu vari. Kuti dzinonzi michini Erickson, kunze vanhuwo zita zita Stirling. The chando chinobatsira basa rinoitwa pashure pre-compressing mhepo uye mafuta jekiseni, muchidziisa kunoguma musanganiswa yakanga yakasanganiswa combustion uye kuwedzera.

The Stirling Injini vanoshanda musimboti ndiro: panguva tembiricha yakaderera iri compressed, uye panguva dzakakwirira - kuwedzera. Zvisinei, zvakasiyana kudziyisa rinoitwa: kupisa iri yaipiwa kubva kunze kuburikidza humburumbira rusvingo. Saka, iye anonzi ane kwokunze injini. Stirling akashandisa periodic tembiricha shanduko pamwe misha pisitoni. Last gasi runoita kubva humburumbira mukamuri mumwe. Kudivi rimwe, nguva shoma tembiricha, uye pamusoro mumwe - kumusoro. Kana anozunungusa pisitoni kumusoro gasi inofamba kubva inopisa kusvika chando mhango uye pasi - otangazve inopisa. First gasi anopa zvakawanda kupisa mufiriji, uye ipapo kubva hita anogamuchira sezvaaidya akapa. Pakati hita uye firiji riri regenerator - mumwe mhango yakazara zvinhu izvo gasi anopa kure kupisa. Mugore neizvi chokubuda regenerator achidzoka.

propellant gadziriro chokuita pisitoni compressing gasi muchando uye nokubvumira rokuwedzera pakupisa. By compression panguva yakaderera tembiricha rinokosha basa. Yose Hurongwa anomhanya zvinogara mana inoratidza inofamba. Saka Crank mashandiro chendangariro chamazuva. Naizvozvo, unopinza miganhu pakati nzendo kutenderera haina kuchengetwa, uye Stirling injini kunyatsoshanda haasi kudukupiswa.

Tichifunga zviri pamusoro apa, mhedziso kureva kuti injini ane pisitoni injini ane zvokunze kupisa nemushonga, sezvamakaropafadzwa kushanda Urume usingasii akanyudzwa nzvimbo uye ikasatsiviwa. Stirling injini vanodhirowa inoratidza zvakanaka kweguyo ayo uchishandisa pfungwa.

Mashoko basa

Sun, magetsi, renyukireya kana mumwe kupisa kunobva anogona kupa simba kupinda Stirling injini. Nheyo hwokushanda muviri wake uri kushandisa nehelium, rehydrogen, kana mhepo. Perfect chafariz kutenderera ane vaifanira zvinoita kunyatsoshanda inobva matatu kusvika makumi mana kubva muzana. Asi pamwe inobudirira regenerator rinogona kushanda uye yakakwirira kwakarongeka. Pakuberekwa kutsva, kudziyisa uye kutonhora nekudziya exchangers zvinopa akavaka, pasina kushanda anonhuwirira. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti injini lubrication vanoda zvishomanana. Paavhareji nevamwe humburumbira kazhinji kubva 10 kusvika 20 MPa. Saka, zvinoda rakaisvonaka chisimbiso hurongwa uye nomukana mafuta kupinda kushanda yomukati.

okufananidza unhu

Most Vashandi nhasi michina mhando iyi uchishandisa mvura mafuta. Saka kuramba kumanikidzwa nyore dzinodzorwa, nokudaro nokuderedza choutsi. Kusavapo mavharuvhu kunopa akanyarara oparesheni. Simba vakawanda rakafanana injini pamwe turbocharging, chaiyo simba yakawanikwa panguva goho akaenzana indekisi yacho Diesel chikwata. The nokukurumidza uye torque zviri pasina mumwe.

Mari injini Kugadzirwa kwakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura womukati injini. Asi zvinoitika kuti mwero neizvi mukushanda.

zvakwakanakira

Chero muenzaniso Stirling injini rakanakira zvakawanda:

• Kunyatsoshanda pa zvakagadzirwa ano zvinogona kusvika makumi manomwe kubva muzana.
• In injini vanoremekedza kuvesa ezvinhu, imwe camshaft uye mavharuvhu. Hazvina kugadziriswa panguva yose nguva kushanda.
• Stirling haana rakaputika dzomunyika injini, ndiro mutoro pamusoro crankshaft, mabheyaringi uye unobva varohwe.
• Sezvo vasina izvozvo, achiti, "injini nemhuru."
• Pamusana kwayo nyore mudziyo inogona kushanda kwenguva yakareba.
• Inogona kumhanya pamusoro pehuni, uye enyukireya uye mimwe mhando peturu.
• Combustion anotora nzvimbo kunze injini.

kutadza

• The chikuru zvakaipira akagadzira ndiro yayo kudyiwa zvinhu.
• The kushanda Urume kuti haachandidi, nokuti chii kukura vari kunyanya kuwedzera.
• Nokuti chando zvakaenzana maitiro zvakafanira kuti ushandise yakakwirira kumanikidzwa.
• Nokushanda kupisa muviri kusvitsa kuburikidza parusvingo kupisa exchanger, umo shoma chafariz conductivity.
• Kushandura injini simba, kushandura bhuku racho buffer tangi, avhareji kwokudzvinyirira kwomunhu kushanda fluid Pasika yorusvingo pakati displacer uye pisitoni.

kunyoresa

Iye zvino, Stirling injini jenareta zvaishandiswa zhinji minda. Zviri-chinja tsime zvemagetsi simba iri sefiriji, pombi, Ngarava dzepasi pemvura uye zuva simba zvinomera. Zviri kuburikidza kushandisa-siyana mafuta pane mukana wayo kushandiswa kwakapararira.

kuberekwazve

injini izvi zvakare akatanga kukura kuonga Philips. Pakati pezana remakore rechimakumi maviri yava dzakasaina chibvumirano General Motors. Iye akatungamirira kukura Stirling zvokushandisa muchadenga uye pemvura namano, ngarava uye mota. Shure mamwe boka kubva Sweden, United Stirling, vakaita basa kukura kwavo, kusanganisira zvinobvira kushandiswa mutakurwi motokari.

Today Linear Stirling injini inoshandiswa musi subsea zvivako, yepasi pose uye kwezuva namano. Kwazvo mubereko pachiri kunokonzerwa nokuda chakakoshera nyaya kukanganisika kwezvakapoteredza, uyewo ruzha kuzvidzora. In Canada neUnited States, Germany uye France, uye Japan zviri kushingaira kutsvaka kutanga uye kuvandudza kushandiswa kwayo.

remangwana

Pachena zvakwakanakira ine pisitoni uye munhu muhombe injini yacho Stirling wakaumbwa upenyu basa refu, kushandisa dzakasiyana rinochiwedzera, pasi ruzha uye pasi toxicity, ndokuita aizobudirira chaizvo womukati injini kuti background. Zvisinei, kupiwa chokwadi chokuti womukati injini nguva dzose kuvandudza, hazvigoni nyore kudzinga. Zvisinei, ichi ndicho injini nhasi ane nzvimbo kutungamirira chinzvimbo, uye tora navo munguva pfupi haana kuronga kuti.