Chii kupukunyuka? kupunyuka mamiriro

Aboveground chikamu chirimwa yainzi rokuti "kupukunyuka". Sechivako akafanirwa kune mabasa anoitwa. Zvechokwadi, nhengo dzose hunokosha uye anosarudza mukana nezvokuvapo mhando. Mashandiro anoita muviri, kukura pezvakaitwa, kukwanisa kuchinja - izvi zvinongova zvimwe inokosha mashandiro ari chikamu chinooneka chirimwa zvipenyu.

Biology: Structure kupukunyutsa

The Morphology kusiyanisa axial uye lateral zvikamu pachitunha; hunde uye shizha. The nemamiriro chirimwa muchadya chinokushamisa nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana kubva roga hwemvura duckweed kuti sequoia dondo. Akafanirwa kuti siyana nemamiriro zvinoumba ari zvemuchadenga chikamu, vakarondedzera zvinoitwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye okunze. Kunewo kupfupiswa embryo awo - neitsvo.

Vakaiisa jira kuisa nomubato mugove anonzi raiva pedyo nebundu, uye pakona iyo kuumbwa pakati pavo, - pachipfuva. Kune specialized itsvo, achiumba mashizha kana maruva. Kure pakati zviviri nzvimbo shizha kuda inonzi interstitial.

nhengo

pakutanga Structure kutiza kuvimba kutungamirirwa kukura uye nzvimbo muchadenga pamusoro hunde. Zvichienderana maitiro aya kusiyanisa tote, zvinokambaira, zvinokambaira, achikwira uye vakabatirira mhando. Madzinde siyana kunoita pemvura. Zvinogona akashama kana pezvakaitwa, kumeso kana mafungu. Kana iwe kucheka gunde crosswise, zvinokwanisika kuti kuona chimiro round, ribbed, pamwe zvinoverengeka zviso kana flattened.

Ndebvu mastrawberry ndizvo kwokutizira zvakare, kuva mupfupi internodes.

Zvichienderana chimiro choupenyu kusiyanisa herbaceous uye Woody madzinde. Wokutanga haana cambium - parutivi of rejira edzidzo. Mumakore okutanga oupenyu akafanana chitarisiko kuti mapazi matsva pamiti yose. Ndivo mutema mu ruvara uye vanokwanisa photosynthesis. Sezvo vari lignified pamusoro nguva, kuva vafuke. Ivo vanokwanisa wakabata chibereko guru uye kukurira gusts akasimba mhepo.

mhando madzinde

Zvichienderana zvinhu kukura kutenderera kunoita muti angava one-, zviviri, uye kwenguva refu. Somuenzaniso, asteri kuoma mumatsutso, pashure yavanoti kufa zvachose. Nemamwe dzichiri makarotsi uye beets. Mugore upenyu rokutanga, zvinoumba midzi, zviri mitumbi inochengeterwa muviri. Mumatsutso yacho hunde afa. Asi chirimwa iri muchimiro dzakachinjwa hunde. Pakatanga akanaka ezvinhu kuti kutiza inokura shure. Panyaya iyi, mugore zvipenyu rechipiri vari aumba somugumisiro maruva mbeu, nawo inoparadzirwa zvinomera.

Life kutenderera perennial zvinomera, funga kuongorora STRUCTURAL zviri Conifers awo. shrub ichi kana muti pamwe chete simba hunde - hunde. kukura kwayo rinotanga kumera kwembeu. kuumbwa seedling, uye, pashure pamusana wayo kukura - mukuru chirimwa. Painoguma upenyu kutenderera perennial zvirimwa rufu. Conifers vanoonekwa kuti centenarians vechokwadi. Somuenzaniso, nemipaini anorarama kwemakore anenge 400, spruce - kusvika 500, uye yomurara - zvose 1000!

bepa

The lateral Chikamu nhungirwa kweinenge kushanda uye siyana. It rinopa mhepo dzinofambiswa, transpiration - kwemvura mvura kubva panyika vegetative kupararira. Tiza, ane mamiriro obuslovlovleno mashandiro anoitwa, dzinoratidzwa siyana mashizha.

Cactus Tsono vanofanira kuderedza uwandu Ipwa unyoro. A palmate panguva bhiza Chestnut paupamhi, nekusiyana, kuwedzera ayo uwandu.

Anoenda ndiro imwe inonzi nyore, asi vashoma iri chete petiole - yakaoma. Tichitarisa pavo, ungacherechedza imwe muenzaniso. Zvinoita mutsinga. Izvi tsapo fibrovascular pamusoro conductive jira. By hunhu venation mutsauko kunosiya ane pajira riya (Maple, apple), panotaura zvakafanana (zviyo, rye) uye chinhu chakakombama (plantain seruva) veining.

Phyllotaxy

Tizira, maumbirwo iyo kunoenderana nenhamba vakapiwa zuva simba, dzinoratidzwa yakasiyana urongwa mashizha ari hunde. Kana urongwa zononoka aumbwa rinotevera, uye kana denderedzwa - pakatarisana, kana verticillate.

Zvakasikwa hapana zvirimwa regai dzifambirane une mashizha. It resets uye nemipaini, uye omusipiresi. Sezvo nokuwa, kwete zvose mashizha kamwe, hapana munhu anoona.

okunatsiridza vakapukunyuka

Kana uchida kuita mamwe mabasa muchadya uye zvinoriumba avo dzakachinjwa. The Mashizha inogona dzikwanise spines kana pachiyero. I chirimwa zvikara, vanokwanisa kubata uye kugaya diki nezvipembenene.

Features yokupukunyuka mamiriro anogona kufunga muenzaniso Mabumba. Her sandara dzakachinjwa hunde anonzi "basal ndiro". Rine wandei marudzi mashizha: manune - kuchengeta mvura uye zvinovaka muviri, yakaoma - kudzivirirwa. Uyezve, itsvo pamberi mvura yakakwana anokura muduku egirini. Kubva hunde uyewo inokura fibrous midzi.

The tubers veJerusarema artichoke, rinonziwo artichoke uyewo kuumba nadzurudzo yokutiza - the tuber. On dzine nedzinde thickened vari rubtsevidnye namabukira, umo kukura Matavi.

Pachivande dzakanzi pamwe refu internodes vari rhizomes. Vakafanana chiwepu, kunge zvakanaka kunyatsobudirira zvemaziso uye conductive jira. Itsvo riri rhizome vakaumba mashizha. Vaya itsva kune STRUCTURAL zvaiva rhizomes, tendai kuti kana iwe kubvisa mashizha, yose chirimwa afa. Asi pfungwa iyi yakakanganiswa, nekuti huru chikamu chirimwa kunodzivirirwa uye riri pasi pasi.

Ukama marongerwo uye mabasa

Structure kutiza kunobva mabasa anoitwa. Izvi zvinogona akaratidza nokuongorora pezvokuvamba maumbirwo nhengo dzayo. The jira zvinenge zvakazara zvinyama mupenyu kunze ganda rine mawindo - stomata. Ivo zvinodiwa kudzivirira uye gaseous exchange. The internals of jira waimiririra stocking uye chlorophyll rinenge riri basa autotrophic zvinovaka muviri yose chirimwa. Zvinhu conductive uye zvemaziso munyama, zvichiumba mutsinga, ndivo hwaro kutakurwa yose-siyana zvakafanira muviri.

Vegetative chirimwa nhengo dziri mudzi (pachivande chayo) uye retsono. The nemamiriro rokubereka zvikamu haabvumiri kuti mabasa akadaro mabasa. Ivo vanoita muitiro zvepabonde kubereka uye chirimwa kupararira. Asi ruva riri kukura pamusoro hunde, uye nokuda kukura kwake zvakafanira Organic zvinhu achiumbwa mashizha.

Zvinogona vakagumisa kuti chirimwa ndiyo imwe nhengo, kuti kushanda zvikamu zviri interconnected.