Rondedzero - chii? Rondedzero matura rwokugadzira

Asati rwuchibuda kurondedzera chiitiko ichi sezvo narrativity vemazuva nevanhu, uyewo kuziva zvachiri nechivako, zviri kutanga zvakakodzera kutsanangura chaizvo rokuti "rondedzero".

Rondedzero - chii?

Pane maonero akawanda pamusoro Nezvekwakabva shoko rokuti, kana kutoti, mumwe matsime shoma kubva izvo zvinogona kubuda. Maererano nomumwe wavo, zita "nhoroondo" zvinobva mashoko uye narrare gnarus, iro rinoshandurwa kubva muchiLatin rinoreva "kuziva pamusoro chinhu" uye "nyanzvi". In Chirungu, panewo zvakafanana zvakunoreva uye nenzwi shoko nhoroondo - «nyaya», zvisina zvishoma pane zvinoratidza zvakazara musimboti chokurondedzera pfungwa. Nhasi rondedzero anogona kuwanikwa munenge munyika dzose zvesayenzi minda: zvepfungwa, evanhu, philology, uzivi uye kunyange wepfungwa. Asi nokuda kudzidza pfungwa dzakadai narrativity, raibuda, rondedzero uri, uye mumwe pane kuparadzana akazvimirira mirayiridzo - narratology. Saka, zvinokosha kunzwisisa nhoroondo pachayo - chii uye chii vari mabasa ayo?

Both etymological bhuku rwataurwa pamusoro, kutakura chete nechinangwa - mushumo ruzivo nhoroondo. Kureva kuti akariisa nyore, chokurondedzera - rudzi nyaya pamusoro chinhu. Asi regai kufunga pfungwa iyi ine nyaya nyore. Mune rondedzero chokurondedzera vane maitiro uye zvimwe izvo zvakazoita kuti kwaita yakazvimirira izwi.

Rondedzero uye nyaya

Chii chakasiyana nyore yebhuku nyaya? The nyaya - inzira wokukurukurirana, imwe nzira yokuwana uye kuparadzira zvomene (Qualitative) ruzivo. Nhoroondo - vanonzi "achitsanangura nyaya", kushandisa mazwi ari American muzivi uye uri mutsoropodzi Arthur Danto (Danto, A. Analytical uzivi wenhau M: Idea Press, 2002. P. 194..). Ndizvo rondedzero - zviri, asi kwete nechinangwa uye kuzviitira nhoroondo. Rondedzero kunoitika apo zvake nyaya akawedzera kuzviitira manzwiro uye kunyatsoongorora zviri narrator-narrator. Pane kudiwa kwete kutaura mashoko kuti vateereri, asi kufadza, kuti mubereko, kuti kuteerera kukonzera zvimwe zvavaifunga. Nemamwe mashoko, kusiyana vanhuwo nhoroondo nyaya kana rondedzero, achitaura chokwadi - mune kukwezva nomumwe narratorskih Mutengo uye manzwiro neimwe narrating. Kana, mune chiratidzo Matambudziko uye kuvapo pfungwa ngetani pakati zvinorondedzerwa zviitiko, kana tiri kutaura pamusoro chinangwa nhoroondo kana zvesayenzi magwaro.

Rondedzero: muenzaniso

Kuti zvakajeka kumisa musimboti chokurondedzera KuMasiye, zvakakodzera kufunga nayo tsika - mundima. Saka, chokurondedzera - chii? Muenzaniso Achienzanisira kusiyana yebhuku nyaya, panyaya iyi, ngaakupei kuenzanisa zvinotevera nendima: "Nezuro ndakarohwa zvakakangwa netsoka. Nhasi handina kuenda kubasa "uye" Nezuro, ndakanga yanyatisa tsoka dzake, saka nhasi arwara uye haana kuenda kubasa. " On zviri izvi ndezvipi zvakafanana. Zvisinei, mumwe chete chaikosha anochinja musimboti chokurondedzera - kuedza kubatanidza zviitiko zviviri. First musimboti Mashoko husina kuzviitira zvaanonzwisisa uye causal ukama, kana yechipiri ivo varipo uye vane pfungwa kukosha. In chepakutanga shanduro haana kutaura sei gamba-narrator haana kuuya kuhofisi, zvichida raiva zuva kure, kana iye chaizvoizvo akanzwa zvakaipa, asi kuti zvakasiyana chikonzero. Zvisinei, pfungwa yechipiri chava zvinoratidza kuzviitira mafungiro kuposita imwe narrator, avo pachavo zvinhu zvavo uye kukumbira pauzima vakapedza kuongorora ruzivo uye kuti muve causal kubatana, kutaura kwavo retelling weshoko. Psychological, "munhu" chinhu anozvigona chose shanduko zvairehwa chokurondedzera, kutoti zviri kutaurwa zvakawanda ruzivo.

Nhoroondo mumagwaro kwesayenzi

Zvisinei, kwete chete mashoko chechinyorwa, asiwo ravo ruzivo perceiver (narratatora) kunokanganisa Absorção de Água pakati kuzviitira mashoko, pakatanga inofungidzirwa uye manzwiro. Based pamusoro ichi, kuti zvinhu sezvazviri nyaya ipfupi, uye mumwe angafunga kuti rondedzero ndiko handivo voga rugwaro, uye, somuenzaniso, izvozvo achishayiwa nezvokuonekwa zvesayenzi tigutsikane. Zvisinei, ichi hachisi chokwadi. Kusvika pamwero wakati kuti rondedzero features, unogona kuwana chero pakukurukurirana, nokuti rugwaro aripo kwete chete munyori uye narrator, uyo chaizvoizvo angava vatambi vakasiyana, asiwo muverengi kana kuzviteerera kuti zvaanonzwisisa siyana uye kududzira mashoko. Chokutanga, Chokwadi, izvi zvinoshanda mumabhuku. Zvisinei, pane mishumo iri nyaya zvesayenzi. Ivo varipo munhoroondo dzakawanda, tsika nemagariro achinzi uye havasi kuratidzwa chinangwa chokwadi, uye kuwedzera kuita somunhu chokukomborerwa multidimensionality yavo. Asi kunogonawo kukanganisa paumbwe causal ukama pakati kare zviitiko zvinokosha kana zvimwe zvinhu.

Wapiwa kusiyana ichi nhoroondo uye rakawanda, kuvapo kwavo magwaro akasiyana kugutsikana, sainzi vasisa kufuratira Chiitiko kuti nhoroondo uye kunzwisisa chidzidzo. To musi, siyana vezvesayenzi kufarira nzira iyi kuziva nyika, sezvo imwe rondedzero. Rine mairi vangangoramba kukura, sezvo nyaya unokubvumira kuronga, kuronga, zvinozivisa mashoko, uyewo kuzviparadzanisa zvokuyamura sectors kuongorora hunhu hwevanhu.

Discourse uye rondedzero

Kubva ose pamusoro payo anotevera kuti chokurondedzera mamiriro chinoreva zvakawanda, anoumba isina, hakuwaniki chero ivhu, pfungwa, uye zvichienderana akapoteredza ezvinhu, izvo akazara nomumwe kugutsikana. Saka, zviri kutaurwa kana hurukuro, iyo inokosha imwe nhoroondo - chinokosha chokuvapo kwake.

Kana isu funga zvinorehwa shoko Mupfungwa yakazara kwayo, hurukuro - iwo musimboti, ari mitauro basa rayo remitemo. Zvisinei, muna Pfungwa iyi, shoko rokuti "hurukuro" rinoshandiswa kureva imwe akapoteredza aifanira kusika chero wenyaya, sei izvi kana kuti chinzvimbo rondedzero kuvapo.

Maererano postmodern pfungwa rondedzero - munhu discursive chaichoicho kuti maari uye amuudza. French mabhuku theorist uye postmodernist Jean-Fransua Liotar akadana raibuda rimwe inobvira marudzi hurukuro. pfungwa dzake, iye anotaura mubhuku "State of Art Nouveau" (Liotar Zhan-François Status postmodern St. Petersburg: Aletheia, 1998. - 160 S. ...). Vanachiremba uye vazivi Jens Brokmeyer uye VaR Harre akarondedzera nhoroondo se "subspecies hurukuro", nezano ravo rinogona kuwanikwa tsvakurudzo (Brokmeyer Jens, Harre VaR rondedzero: .. Matambudziko uye anovimbisa mumwe nzira paradigm // Zvinetso Uzivi - 2000. - № 3 - P. 29-42) .. Saka, zviri pachena kuti panyaya mitauro uye mabhuku pfungwa "rondedzero" uye "hurukuro" vasingasiyani kubva mumwe nomumwe uye substantially kuenderana.

Rondedzero iri Philology

Great nzeve rondedzero uye rondedzero mitoo rakapiwa Philology: zvemutauro, mabhuku zvidzidzo. In zvemutauro, ichi izwi, sezvo kare ambotaurwa, akadzidza pavanoparidza rokuti "hurukuro". Mumabhuku ongororo, rinoreva zvakawanda kune postmodern pfungwa. Scientists Brokmeyer J. uye R. Harre wake bhuku "Munhoroondo: Matambudziko uye zvipikirwa mumwe kungaitwa paradigm 'akapa kurinzwisisa senzira kuronga ruzivo uye kupa dudziro ruzivo. Mukuona kwavo, chokurondedzera - ane mirayiridzo richiswedera nyaya. Kureva boka nezvevamwe mitauro, mupfungwa, uye kwetsika zvivako muchiziva kuti munogona inofadza nyaya, ichazovapo zvakajeka wafungidzira mafungiro uye shoko narrator.

Nhoroondo iri mabhuku kunokosha kuti mumabhuku. Nekuti pano anoziva pacharo kunzwisisa ngetani kududzira, kutangira kubva nemaonero ari munyori uye anopera omumwe muverengi / muteereri. Kusika rugwaro, munyori anoisa mariri vamwe mashoko iyo, pashure kupfuura refu rugwaro nzira uye nokusvitsa muverengi anogona zvachose kuchinja kana kuti zvimwe zvichishandurwa ne. Kuti zvakanaka nzwisisa yemunyori chinangwa, zvinokosha kufungawo kuvapo vamwe vatambi, munyori uye munyori-narrator, izvo pachavo vari takaparadzana uye narratatorami narrator, kuti ari kutaurira, uye vachinzwisisa. Perception hunowedzera kuoma kana rugwaro ane zvinoshamisa hunhu, nekuti mutambo mumwe mhando mabhuku. Ipapo ndiko yakavhiringidzwa zvakatowanda nokuenda kuburikidza mharidzo waro mutambi, uyo kunoitawo kuti nhoroondo yacho mupfungwa uye mafungiro maitiro.

Zvisinei, zviri unoreva zvakawanda ichi, mukana kuzadza shoko nezvaanoreva zvakasiyana, anosiya muverengi kufunga ivhu uye chikamu chinokosha mabhuku.

Rondedzero nzira iri kwepfungwa uye wepfungwa

Shoko rokuti "rondedzero zvepfungwa 'ndowenyika American kwepfungwa, musayendisiti zvishande uye mudzidzisi Jerome Bruner. kwepfungwa yake uye forensic Theodore Sarbina anogona zvakarurama kunzi osnovopolzhnikami nezvinhu zvokuyamura zvekutepfenyura.

Maererano dzidziso J. Bruner muupenyu -. Ko nhevedzano nyaya uye kuzviitira nepfungwa mamwe makamuri, chinangwa chokurondedzera - pasi munyika. T. Sarbin ndiko pfungwa kuti iri nyaya sangana chokwadi uye ngano dzaanofanira zvakaitika wacho.

Musimboti chokurondedzera nzira iri zvepfungwa - kuzivikanwa nezvomunhu uye ake matambudziko vainazvo uye kutya kuburikidza kuongorora nyaya yake pamusoro pavo uye vanozviuraya. Nhoroondo haangaparadzaniswi munzanga uye netsika chechinyorwa, nokuti maari uye ivo aumba. Rondedzero zvepfungwa pane unhu maviri anoshanda ukoshi: wokutanga, inovhura mikana nokuzvidzora ndivanaani uye nokuzvidzora tichiziva kuburikidza pakasikwa, kunzwisisa madudzirwo uye zvakasiyana akaturikidzwa, uye chepiri Inzira wokuzvidzora mharidzo, akavonga ichi nyaya nezvake.

Psychotherapy unoshandiswawo imwe rondedzero nzira. Rakanga kugadzirwa Australian wepfungwa Michael White uye David Epstonom New Zealand psychotherapist. Chaizvoizvo Its ndiko rokusika vakapoteredza kupinda (the yeGmail.END_STRONG) mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, pasi pakasikwa nhoroondo yacho, pamwe nezvokupindira vamwe vanhu uye basa mamwe mabasa. Uye kana chokurondedzera zvepfungwa anoonekwa kuti zvakawanda yokungotaura bazi, mune psychotherapy nhoroondo nzira akaratidza kwayo kushanda.

Saka, zviri pachena kuti nhoroondo pfungwa rave zvinobudirira kushandiswa munenge munyika dzose okukurukura kudzidza hunhu hwevanhu.

Rondedzero mune zvematongerwo enyika

It anonzwisisa nhoroondo uye KuMasiye mune zvematongerwo enyika zvaro. Zvisinei, shoko rokuti "nhoroondo enyika" anotakura nezvacho pane zvakanaka. In nezvibvumirano narrativity ainzwisisa sezvo kwakaunzwa unyengeri, kuvanda zvinovavarirwa wechokwadi. Rondedzero nyaya kunosanganisira nemaune yokuvanda zvimwe zvinhu uye chechokwadi nevavariro may kutsiva chinyorwa uye kushandiswa madimikira kuti rugwaro euphony uye kudzivisa chaizvo. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, musiyano kubva zvatinosiita yebhuku nyaya iri kuda kuwana kuteerera pfungwa kunoratidzwa kutaura wepanguva enyika.

Kuona mupfungwa rondedzero

Kana Visualization nhoroondo, ndiwo mubvunzo nani yakaoma. Maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi, dzakadai theorist uye vaiita rondedzero zvepfungwa J. Bruner, munhu kuona nhoroondo -. Hazvina akapfeka murugwaro muchimiro chokwadi, anoruka uye akarayira mumukadzi narrator. Izvi akadana mumwe nzira mazano uye achitanga chokwadi. Zvechokwadi, kwete "unhu tambo" mitauro goko mhando chokurondedzera uye kutevedzana kwezviitiko mharidzo uye zvine musoro zvawataura rwezuva. Saka, unogona kuona chokurondedzera, kutaura naye kukuudzai nomuromo kana achinyora muchimiro muronga meseji.

Rondedzero iri historiography

Chaizvoizvo, nhoroondo nhoroondo - kuti ndizvo akatanga paumbwe uye kudzidza nyaya mune dzimwe nzvimbo ruzivo kwevanhu. Shoko rokuti "rondedzero" yakatorwa kubva historiography, apo paiva yokuti "rondedzero nhoroondo". Zvairehwa zvacho zvakanga kuongorora munhau kwete dzavo watodaro, uye chiedza chechinyorwa uye kududzirwa. Kududzirwa ndiyo kiyi chaizvo zvinorehwa rondedzero uye raibuda.

Historical rondedzero - chii? Izvi Nyaya kubva muvambi, kwete dzinonetsa mashoko uye chinangwa. By chokurondedzera zvinyorwa achinyanya zvinosanganisira enhoroondo magwaro: akadhindwa, yaMakoronike, vamwe achabatira uye minamato magwaro. Rondedzero mabhuku - Ndivo magwaro uye mashoko kuti varipo nhoroondo KuMasiye. Zvisinei, maererano J. Brokmeyera uye R. Harre, asi kwete vose magwaro ndiwo Nhoroondo uye kunosangana "pfungwa KuMasiye."

Hama nenhoroondo rondedzero, pane dzisiri wandei kwakakonzerwa ndechokuti vamwe "ngano" akadai autobiographical magwaro kwakavakirwa chete pane chokwadi, ukuwo vamwe kana kuzviudzwa kana dzakachinjwa. Saka, chokwadi dzavo ipfupi, asi chokwadi hakuna kushanduka, kungotaura kuchinja nhamba mumwe nomumwe kwachiri narrator. Chirevo chechinyorwa inoramba zvakafanana, asi chimwe nechimwe yazvo nzira narrator inobatanidza pamwe zvinorondedzerwa zviitiko, mokusvinwa kukosha, maonero ake, mamiriro ezvinhu, vakaruka navo chinokosha chokurondedzera.

Panguva chaiyo Kana autobiographical magwaro, pano, panoita rimwe dambudziko: romunyori chido anokwezvera ake munhu uye basa, uye naizvozvo, zvingangoita pakupa dzenhema ruzivo kana vanotuka chokwadi chavo nyasha.

Nokupfupikisa, tinogona kutaura kuti chokurondedzera unyanzvi, imwe nzira kana imwe, vakawana kushanda mu dzakawanda nevanhu vanodzidza hunhu yevanhu munhu uye ake zvakavapoteredza. Nhoroondo zvakabatana kubva kuzviitira munhu wakatarwa, uyewo munhu vasingasiyani kubva muvanhu nayo aumbwa, uye munhu muupenyu, izvo zvinoreva kuti ravo mafungiro uye kuzviitira maonero munyika yakatipoteredza.

Nokupfupikisa ruzivo pamusoro apa, tinogona kuronga zvinotevera tsanangudzo chokurondedzera: a rondedzero - munhu muronga musoro nyaya inoratidza maonero munhu wacho chokwadi, uyewo nzira kuronga kuzviitira ruzivo, kuedza kuzvinzwira zvitupa uye kuzvidzora zvinocherechedzesa.