Biological Organization

Wildlife ari RUBATSIRO RUNOTARISA, asi zvikuru heterogeneous ezvinhu, nokuti ndicho chinoratidza kwesangano ine vakuru yakajeka. Hazvina pfuma ichi uye vanoratidza vanonzi kwevari sangano upenyu. Munyika ino, vose zvakajeka kurongwa, kutangira pagomba rakadzika kusvikira wemandorokwati.

Biological Organization - a hierarchical maitiro achishandisa omurume akarayira kuti dzinoratidza kwete chete hunhu chaivo gadziriro, asiwo avo zvishoma nezvishoma kuomesa pachinhu mumwe. Nhasi akasarudza govera huru sere nhanho

Uyezve, pane zvinotevera masangano wegadziriro:

1. Micro - imwe doorganizmennaya rwakazara kuti zvinosanganisira samolecular uye subcellular mumatunhu.

2. Mezosistema - ndiro rinotevera, organismic chechetere. Izvi zvinosanganisira muchitokisi, rinenge nhengo, maitiro, uye muviri kwevari sangano upenyu.

Kunewo makro izvo zvinoumba Superorganismal muzvizhinji kuti zvese.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mumwe pamwero ine maitiro ayo, izvo dzichakurukurwa pazasi.

Doorganizmennye Biological Organization

Pane unogamuchirwa kuna govera matanho zvinhu zviviri:

1. Molecular Biological Organization - chinomiririra nenhanho kushanda uye sangano zvoutachiona macromolecules, kusanganisira mapuroteni, nucleic acids, lipids uye polysaccharides. Pano anotanga kukosha dzinotsanagura upenyu upi muviri - sero afemeruke, simba kuchinja uye kupararira magene mashoko.

2. Subcellular pamwero - pano anosanganisira sangano sero organelles, chimwe nechimwe anoita basa rinokosha muupenyu mumasero.

Organismic Biological Organization

boka iri rinosanganisira hurongwa kuti pave kuvimbika muviri wose. It vakasarudza govera zvinotevera:

1. Cellular Biological Organization. Hazvina chakavanzika kuti sero ndiye STRUCTURAL chairema chipi mupenyu muviri. Izvi pamwero anodzidzwa kushandisa cytological, cytochemical, cytogenetic uye microbiological nzira.

2. tishu mumatunhu. Pano pfungwa dzinofanira kubhadharwa kuti chivako, unhu uye kushanda akasiyana siyana zvinyama, izvo, chokwadi, ine miviri. Kudzidza zvivako izvi anobatanidzwa histology uye histochemistry.

3. Organ chechetere. Zvipuka zvine masero akawanda zvinenge zviri dzinoratidzwa idzva azvipire sangano. Heano mamwe mapoka micheka ikashandiswa, pova coherent chivako zvimwe mabasa. Mumwe nhengo chikamu chipenyu muviri, asi havagoni vakazvimirira kuvapo kunze. pamwero uyu sayenzi kudzidza akadai physiology, anatomi uye embryology mune dzimwe nechiyero.

Organismal pamwero inomiririra zvose unicellular uye zvipuka zvine masero akawanda zvinenge. Pashure pezvose, muviri wose ane Integrated Hurongwa mukati iyo vakatakura zvose zvinokosha dzinotsanagura upenyu. Mukuwedzera, vari kufungwa uye muitiro wekusangana, budiriro uye kukura, uyewo yakwegura woga muviri. ichi sandara akadzidza nenzira sayenzi kuti physiology, embryology, genetics, anatomi, paleontology.

Supraorganismal Biological Organization

Pano vari kufungwa havasi zvinenge vavo STRUCTURAL zvikamu uye mumwe akagadzirwa zvipenyu.

1. Population-chaicho chechetere. The hweBazi pano ndiyo vagari - chine zvipenyu imwe mhando kuti inogarwa ndima yakajeka. vanhu vose vanokwanisa mhuka dzirambe dzichiberekana akasununguka mumwe. Kudzidza nechokuita ichi pamwero sayenzi akadai taxonomy, ikoroji, vagari genetics, biogeography, taxonomy.

2. mararamiro pamwero - vanobviswa kufungawo kutsigira Nzanga vanhu vakasiyana, kuvapo iyo hunonyatsobatana uye novimba zvisina upenyu zvakasikwa, okunze, etc. Kazhinji, kudzidza padanho sangano kuitawo ikoroji ..

3. Biosphere sandara - ndiyo inonyanya chimiro sangano weupenyu, uri munyika akagadzirwa biogeocenosis yose nyika.