Ndechipi renzou. Ubanguranyika of renzou. mapuraneti Itsva zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri

Chii zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri? Ichi musha wedu tose. Chii chinombodiwa panofanira? Sei uye rini rakaumbwa? Mumwe Zvakakosha kuziva zvakawanda pamusoro chii pakona renyeredzi yatiri kurarama.

Kubva soro kuti rakadzika

Chidzidzo "nyika dzose dzinotenderera zuva" vanofanira kutanga ndechokuti yokupedzisira ndiyo chikamu zvakawanda uye rusingaperi muchadenga. Rapanzvimbo pfungwa dzevanhu kunzwisisa kwete. The vakasimba materesikopu dzedu kuva, vanotonyanya tikatarisa muchadenga, patinonyanya kuona pane nyeredzi uye mapoka enyeredzi. Maererano ano pfungwa muchadenga ane imwe marongerwo. Uye ine mapoka avo zvemichindwe. Nzvimbo zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri - the renyeredzi hweGwara Way. Inoitwa mabhiriyoni zana nyeredzi, mazhinji akafanana zuva. nyika yedu - akangofananawo tsvuku zvipfupi. Asi chikuru kunokwana mwero kukura uye yakatsiga tembiricha iri ezvinhu ake akakwanisa kutsigira upenyu.

chidzoke

Modern dzidziso pamusoro kwaita zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri iri nekupedza rwakabatana hypotheses pamusoro shanduka wezvose. The chidzoke wake achiri chakavanzika. Kune chete akasiyana kwemasvomhu yokutevedzera. Maererano chinonyanya zvinowanzovapo iyo Universe wedu yakatanga mabhiriyoni gumi apfuura muna Big Bang. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti nyeredzi yedu, mabhiriyoni 4,7 makore. About vezera uye zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri. ndechekare zvakadini iye akasiya kurarama? A makore mabhiriyoni zuva vachaenda inotevera kutenderera kukura uye uve dzvuku hofori. Maererano Masvomhu pakati masayendisiti, yokumusoro muganhu waro ezvinhu achava chete pamusoro chinhambwe pakati muchadenga paNyika. Uye kana mushure yakadaro guru nguva yakawanda, vanhu vachange zvichiripo, nokuti vanhu kwaizova njodzi zvechokwadi pezvose zvakasikwa. Asi izvi zvose zviri munguva yemberi iri kure. Zvinhu zvakamira sei mazuva ano?

Mitumbi zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri

Saka, pakutanga kwezvose, kuti, chokwadi, nyeredzi yedu. Vanhu kubva kare akamutoresa zita akadana zuva. Zvinonzi pfungwa mapfumbamwe nemapfumbamwe muzana mukanyiwa dzose hurongwa. imwe chete nhoroondo mapuraneti, avo satellites, kupfuta, asteroids, comets uye Kuiper bhandi muviri. Saka chii Solar System? zuva rino uye zvose inotenderera nayo. Asi zvinhu zvokutanga pakutanga.

zuva

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, nyeredzi - ndiwo musimboti maitiro edu. Kukura kwayo ikapenya. Zuva kunorema kupfuura Earth muna mazana matatu namakumi matatu, nezviuru nguva! Uye ayo dhayamita mukuru Earth rimwe zana kapfumbamwe. Avhareji arambe achirema pamusoro gwenya nyaya 1.4 chete nguva kupfuura arambe achirema mvura. Asi izvi hazvifaniri kuva anotsausa. Zvechokwadi, nechepakati kumatunhu nyeredzi arambe achirema iri nguva zana nemakumi mashanu makuru ikoko nokuti kukuru kumanikidzwa uye zvenyukireya siyana anotanga. Pano, rehydrogen kunotangira nehelium.

Zvadaro kusunungura kunoguma simba iri Kutamiswa ne convection kuchivanze akaturikidzana uye akaparadza muchadenga. Maererano masayendisiti, Sun wedu zvino makumi manomwe nezvishanu kubva muzana rinoumbwa rehydrogen uye vanenge 25% nehelium, vamwe zvinhu hapana anopfuura 1%. Pakutanga zvinonzi zuva zvizere kutumbuka, nekuti mafuta richiri zvikuru. Kazhinji yakararama chenyeredzi ichi kirasi (yero pfupi) ndiwo makore mabhiriyoni gumi. Hatigoni kutaura mashoko mashomanana nemamiriro kwezuva. At payo ndiyo hombe chinoumba, ichiteverwa vanopenya simba kuchinjirwa vematunhu, convection, uye chromosphere photosphere. On chikamu pane prominences. Mavara - mumwe rwokushanyira nyika muna pemvura nyeredzi apo tembiricha dererei zvikuru, nokuti tarisa zvasviba. nyeredzi Our rotates kumativi ayo akabatana pamwe munguva Earth mazuva makumi maviri nemashanu. Zvakaoma kuwedzeredza kutaura kuti yose renzou kunoenderana mamiriro nyeredzi. Darkroom ekudzidza pezvakaitwa mairi vakasikwa kunyange muchadenga.

Mercury

Ichi ndicho chokutanga muviri yepasi pose, iyo isu vachasangana kutama kubva zuva,. Uye sezvo migumisiro napedyo kwayo pamusoro inopisa zvikuru uye anenge asina mhepo. Nderake mapuraneti anonzi pano. zvakafanana maitiro avo: zvikuru yakakwirira arambe achirema, kuvapo gasi-mvura mhepo, vashoma satellites, kuvapo neerekitironi nejasi cortical. Zvisinei, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, zviri kuitika Mercury ari anenge kunyimwa - yozodzokera mhepo kwezuva. Yeuka kuti kudzivirira Earth kubva simba remagineti uye daro. Asi pasinei neizvi, gaseous hamvuropu pakati Mercury vanongogona kuonekwa, inoitwa ions simbi, izvo sasana kubva pechiso nyika. Imomo (riri shoma) okisijeni, senitrogen uye inert magasi.

Mercury zvinofamba akapoteredza Sun iri elongated muchadenga. ayo orbital nguva ndiyo 88 Earth mazuva. Asi kuti kutendeuka akabatana yepasi runodiwa anenge 59 mazuva. Kunyanya nokuti Mercury ichi pane musiyano mukuru tembiricha kubva kubvisa 183 kusvika pamwe 427 ^{0 0} Celsius.

nyika cratered pamusoro, pasi makomo nemipata. Kunewo anotaura Mercury compression (nokuda kutonhora simbi chinoumba) - iri muchimiro elongated dzezvitsigiro). Masayendisiti anoratidza kuvapo mvura echando mune mumvuri nzvimbo panyika.

Venus

Wechipiri mumutsetse Earth-kufanana nyika kubva zuva. By yekudyidzana kwazvo kukura Mercury, asi zvishoma duku pane Pasi zvose vakawanda uye dhayamita. Satellites dziripo. Asi pamberi gobvu ezvinhu, iyo rinomuvanza akapotsa zvachose maziso edu pose Venus. Nemhaka pamusoro tembiricha yayo zvikuru yepamusoro musi Mercury: paavhareji tsika vanosvika ⁰ 475 Celsius, pasina zvakakomba diurnal nokufamba. Chimwe chinhu zvomumhepo - akasimba mhepo pagungano kukwira anoverengeka makiromita (zana nemakumi mashanu metres pa wechipiri), madutu izvi. Chii chinoita kuti - kujeka. Muchadenga ine makumi mapfumbamwe nematanhatu muzana carbon dioxide. Okisijeni uye mvura mhute iri kunyora nezvavo. Nokuda nendege kune nyika dzakawanda chitundumusere-musere, masayendisiti vakakwanisa kuwana nokururamisira zvakawanda map Venus. Nyika pevhu rakakamurwa mapani uye zvikomo. zviviri zvikuru yakaoma vangazivikanwa. Kune vazhinji was craters.

pasi

Kugara redu, hatisi, nekuti harisati kupfuura kudzidzwa uye aizivikanwa muverengi. Asi chii chiri nyika dzose dzinotenderera zuva pasina panyika? .. ndinofanira kutaura kuti imba yedu ichiri hwakazara zvakavanzika zhinji. Uyezve, Earth - nyika renzou, unobereka kurema ane gasi hofori chete uye kuva mvura bhachi. orbital nguva vakapoteredza nyeredzi mazuva 365, uye daro pazviri - mamiriyoni 150 makiromita - rakundwa sezvo yokuongorora zvomuchadenga chikwata. Iti kunyange kuti Pasi - nyika yose zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri, ine zvinhu kukura chete shamwari, uye uende mberi.

Mars

Zvino takatarisana dzvuku nyika - hope renyaya uye muviri yokudenga pamusoro murume harimiri kunetseka. Zvino pamusoro pemvura Mars anoshanda ari chitundumusere-musere. Uye pashure pemakore gumi pane chava kuenda kutumira aigarira chitundumusere-musere. Nei vanhu vari kudaro vanofarira Mars? Hongu, nokuti mamiriro ezvinhu enyika ino ari pedyo Earth. Nyanzvi dzezvomuchadenga kare kazhinji vaifungidzira kuti Mars ane mvura hova uye chirimwa upenyu. Kutsvaka chechipiri, sezvinei, richiri kuenda mberi. Zvichida ichi chichava nyika wokutanga kuti munhu anotanga kudzidza renzou.

By guru Mars ndiye kaviri kukura Earth. Its muchadenga rakanyatsojeka sparse uye rinoumbwa kunonyanya kubva carbon dioxide. Paavhareji pamusoro tembiricha - kubvisa 60 Celsius. Zvisinei, mune dzimwe nzvimbo neequator, zvinogona kukwira muvare. Martian gore rinovapo matanhatu nemakumi masere namanomwe Earth mazuva. Uye nokuda nyika kuti muchadenga chose rwakatambanudzwa, mwaka pamusoro payo akasiyana pakureba. The matanda yepasi akafukidzwa mutete echando nguwani. Mars vapfumi craters uye zvikomo. On tsvuku nyika ndiyo soro gomo zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri - Olympus. kukwirira kwayo anenge 12 makiromita. Uye Mars ane tuduku kwemwedzi miviri - Phobos uye Deimos.

ari asteroid bhandi

Riri pakati kutenderera Mars uye Jupiter. Kutaura zvazviri, izvi zvakawanda kwazvo uye zvinofadza nzvimbo. Mariri unogona kuwana miriyoni akasiyana nzvimbo, kunyanya diki - kusvikira anoverengeka zana mamita. Asi pane hofori akadai Ceres (dhayamita - 950 km), Vesta kana palladium. Chokutanga, ivo vakanga vaiona asteroids, asi muna 2006 vakaziva mapuraneti pfupi, sezvinoita Pluto. zvinhu zvose izvi akaumbwa panguva paumbwe renzou. Zvichida vose asteroids - kuti haana kuva nyika nokuda simba kwomudzimu nokukurumidza inotungamirwa Jupiter. Pane zvakawanda siyana kwemarudzi uye mhuri asteroids. Pakati pavo dzine simbi dzakasiyana, saka kuti munguva yemberi iri kure, vanogona kushandiswa indasitiri.

Nyika hombe

Kusiyana muviri ichi yokudenga, kufanana Earth, dzomuchadenga zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri mhiri asteroid bhanhire, vane guru yakakura. Chokutanga, Chokwadi, Jupiter uye Saturn. Hofori idzi vava kwomwedzi, zvimwe izvo kunyange noWokumusorosoro ukuru nemapuraneti pano. Saturn anozivikanwa nezvindori zvayo, izvo zviri chokwadi anoumbwa nevazhinji zvinhu zviduku. The arambe achirema Mapuraneti aya pasi duku zvikuru. The pafuma Saturn, zvavo, vakareruka kupfuura mvura. Inenge vose Hofori vane hwakasimba core. chadenga kwavo rinoumbwa rehydrogen, nehelium, amoniya, methane uye uwandu mamwe magasi duku. Murwiyo waZeusi uye Saturn muzvinhu zvakawanda zvakafanana Zvinoumba zuva redu.

Hazvishamisi kuti vanoonekwa nyeredzi unformed. Havana kuva zvakakwana uremu.

True gasi hofori Uranus uye Neptune anogona kunzi chete conditionally, nekuti vane simba mhepo. Asi zviri pachena, vachiri vane zvakaoma pamusoro. Uye apo anotanga kuti of Jupiter - zvakaoma kutaura. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti pane chinoumba guru nyika yose nenyika dzinotenderera pariri chinosanganisira esimbi rehydrogen. Zvinenge Zirume zvose emit pachako simba (kupisa), uye makuru kwazvo kupfuura inotengwa kubva zuva. Tose tine zvenzeve uye vazhinji kwemwedzi. atmospheres vavo hasha simba risingaoneki madutu (achigura imwe nyika kubva Sun, kwakasimba).

The Kuiper bhandi

Yakanga yava mumucheto ari Solar System. Heino aimbova nyika Pluto (muna 2006, zvakanga kunyimwa kuti chinzvimbo), uyewo akafanana naye uremu uye kukura Makemake, Eris, Huamea. Izvi zvinonzi mapuraneti mutsva renzou. Uye zviuru, kana kwete mamiriyoni evamwe miviri zviduku. Pakuonekwa zvose, Kuiper Belt haaratidzi zvinopfuura 100 ezvemuchadenga dzakabatana. By kubvuma, nyanzvi, pano pakauya pfupi-nguva nenguva kometi. Oort cloud zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri inoguma. Photo mushumo kubva panzvimbo idzi, ingangodaro nokukurumidza tichava kuenda chitundumusere-musere, "New Horizons".

Naizvozvo, muna pfupi, rwatakaratidza kuti zuva nenyika dzaro, uye chii zvinhu inoitwa. Zvino zvinosanganisira mapuraneti mashanu makuru, redu nyeredzi, uye nhamba zvinhu zviduku. Zvisinei, sayenzi yemazuva iri kukurumidza kukura. Uye zvichida, mangwana tichakwanisa kuziva kuti zvakawanikwa mapuraneti mutsva renzou.