The kwemadzinza anoumba chavagari Russia. Vanhu Russia

Parizvino, Russia pokutanga kutanga munyika tichitarisa munyika nzvimbo. Zvisinei, izvi hazvirevi kuti Russian hwevanhu vari nhamba uye vaitungamirira nzvimbo pakati dzimwe nyika. Chokwadi kuti chinenge yendima inogarwa matongo steppes uye taiga, sendarama mumaruwa kweSiberia. Naizvozvo, yevagari arambe achirema yeRussia ari kure ari pamusoro zvepamusoro munyika.

Russian vokuparidzira zviratidzi

Maererano wokutanga pamwero mukuru vaverengwe muna 1897, nhamba Russian ndimo vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 67,4. Ndivo vanhu vemarudzi akasiyana uye marudzi. Ainyanya hunodzorwa vomumusha. Chikonzero ichi chaiva kukura kurima bhizimisi uye kurima. Uyezve, maguta sezvo makuru akadaro vaiva vashoma. Taigara pavo kunyanya nyanzvi dzokugadzira uye navatengesi.

The kuverenga mwero kwezana remakore rechi20, nyika yakanga zvinoshamisa pasi. 21 chete% vanhu vane kanenge chikoro chepuraimari. By chitendero vemo nhamba inoratidza kuti vanhu vakawanda vari Russia panguva iyoyo vaiva Orthodox (anenge 70%). Vamwe kuva zvitendero akadai Islam, chikatorike uye chiJudha. Zvinofadza kuti mumativi matatu vanhu vaiva vanhuwo zvavo. Kuwanda mukirasi yapakati vangasvika 10.7%, vatorwa - kusvika 6.6%, Cossack - zvishoma kupfuura 2%, namakurukota - 1.5%, etc ...

In mid-1920 simba rinomutsa zvokuwedzera Russia vakatanga kupfeka zvishoma nezvishoma zvakanaka. Saka, muna 1926 vomuSouth inenge mamiriyoni 101. Pakutanga Hondo Yenyika II, nhamba yevanhu vari Russia vakapfuura mamiriyoni 110 pakupera rehondo -. About mamiriyoni 97,5 Ndiyo chete munhoroondo yose Russian Federation chinokosha kuderera mune Demographics munyika .. Uye makore chete 10 gare gare chakakuita kugadzikana. Pakazosvika 1955, nhamba Russian yevanhu zvakare kusvika pamwero vanhu mamiriyoni 110. Its wevanotungamirira yeGomo munyika akamirira muna 1995. Nhamba yaiva vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 148,5. Mumakore akatevera 15 paiva zvishomanana kuderera mukuita nokuda vakawanda kuenda kumwe ravaIndia vanhu munyika dzokuMadokero. In nhamba iyi nguva Russia kwakasiya vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 6.

Kusvika panguva Russian vakawanda akaenzana mamiriyoni 146,3. Pers.

Population arambe achirema

Jogirafi yeRussian ndimo siyana chaizvo uye gogonera mhiri zvidzidzo. Vazhinji vanogara vari pfungwa iri miganhu Triangle pakati St. Petersburg, Irkutsk uye Sochi. Inokonzera - yakanaka okunze uye yakanaka ezvoupfumi background. Kuchamhembe nharaunda iyi hunodzorwa permafrost, uye rwezasi - musango kusingaperi.

Population arambe achirema mumwe okupedzisira nzvimbo munyika anotora kuSiberia. nharaunda iyi ndiyo musha vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 29 kusvika. Izvi chete cheshanu rose nevanhu Russia. Uye kweSiberia nharaunda iri-mumativi vatatu Russian Federation. Zvikuru dzine vanhu vakawanda munzvimbo ndivo bhendi Derbent, Sochi uye Ufa uye Moscow.

KuFar East pane mukuru arambe achirema yose Trans-Siberian nzira. Zviri maguta akadai Omsk, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk, Vladivostok, Krasnoyarsk, Khabarovsk nezvakadaro. Wakawedzerwa vanogara densities vakachengeta munzvimbo yacho Forge Coal Basin. kumatunhu ose aya anokwezva vagari dhigirii dzavo dzemari.

Nhamba dzinoratidza kuti vanhu wokuRussia Federation, chikuru simba wevanotungamirira zvinoratidzwa mumaguta uye misorowo pamusoro zvionera chinoda. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti nyika kumaruwa ose gore nokukurumidza nokuisa nokuda kwemahofisi vagari vemo mumaguta makuru.

Population emuchina

Modern Russia - imwe nharaunda umo vanacho kuwedzera kunyanya nokuda chinokosha usava vanotama vachibva nomunyika dzakapoteredza kunotsvaka kubudirira. Chokwadi kuti Russia panguva segwapa wevanotungamirira dambudziko. Kuberekwa zvazvingava haawanzotauri akapfuudza kukosha 1.5. Parallel izvi, hapana catastrophically yakakwirira mwero wokufa kwevanhu. Chikonzero ichi ndivo akawanda zvinoriumba. Maererano nenhamba, vanopfuura hafu kufa kuitika nokuda mwoyo chirwere, vanenge 15% - nekenza uye nemigumisiro yayo, anopfuura 4% - of womukati nhengo kubatanidzwa.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti Russia inoremekedzwa rokutanga nzvimbo munyika iri nhamba yevanofa nokuda zvimwewo zvikonzero (14.5% yakawanda). Izvi pamusoro mwero dzimwe nyika muEurope 6 nguva. Vazhinji nzufu rwakavapo netsaona, kusanganisira kubasa. Gore negore vanhu 6000 vanourayiwa. Rufu yevana vokuRussia wakachengetwa 5% yose inowanwa.
Muna 2006, akaberekerwa munyika vana mamiriyoni 1,5. The runoenzanirana reshiyo akasimuka 10.4 points. Zvisinei, kufa kwakanga vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 2.1. Pamwe yokutama mwero Vagari yeRussian Federation yakaderera nezvikamu kusvika mamiriyoni 0,7. Vagere. Mugore iroro akanga kwakaratidzwa zvishomanana akanaka kuitika muupenyu anotarisirwa, yaiva nemakore 66,8. Asi zviri zvikuru yakaderera ichienzaniswa nedzimwe nyika pamusoro European.

Muna 2007, Russia kwakaita kwevanhu mamiriro akaita kuchinja vasingakoshi. Somugumisiro mukanyiwa yokutama nyika vakabatana kupfuura kota vanhu vanosvika miriyoni kubva rose. Zvinokwanisika yokuderedza backlog wokuRussia wevanotungamirira. Zvinofadza kuti mukuru pakuzvarwa prices zvakatanga akanyorwa reMagadhani mudunhu.

Muna 2008 uye 2009. vaitamira kukura ndanyarara hangu anopfuura 70% of nhamba zvokurwadza munzanga kubva mwero huno. Kuberekwa zvazvingava yave Vakapfuura pachikumbaridzo vana mamiriyoni 1,7, richisvika 12.3 reshiyo. Izvi zvakanaka kuitika yaiitwa muna 67 kumatunhu munyika. Parallel izvi zvishoma nezvishoma akawedzera kunopindirana Kupona kumatunhu.

Muna 2012, vanourayiswa uye kubereka prices kutarisirwa achiita panguva kumativi mamiriyoni 1.9. Panyaya iyi, nezvibereko vanotama yakasvika chikumbaridzo 300 zviuru. Muna 2013, kuberekwa mwero akunda pamusoro kufa: 1.9 pamusoro mamiriyoni 1,87. Natural kwouwandu hwevanhu rakanyoreswa muna 43 dziri Federation.

Muna 2014, kuberekwa mwero vakapfuura rufu mwero iri 33,7 zviuru vanhu. Kufungisisa Vagari kuCrimea totaled mamiriyoni 143,7. Vagere.

Kuzvipira kuna urbanization

Mumakore zana apfuura vokumaruwa yeRussia yave yakaderera nezvikamu 4 nguva. Pakazosvika 1914, munyika kumucheto mumisha uye vagari 82,5% vanhu muna 2014 - asingasviki 26%. Nhasi, chikuru vanhu Russia - vagere mumaguta nemisha.

Chikuru Chikonzero kuwedzera ichi chaiva hurongwa upfumi mutemo yeSoviet Union. Munguva kubva 1929 kusvika 1939. kumaruwa chaiitirwa nokukurumidza collectivization uye kwemaindasitiri munzanga. Mukutanga nzendo zvokuchinja nyika akazunungusa chakaipisisa nzara, asi gare gare yose ndima USSR paiva zvinokosha kuwedzera maindasitiri zvekutepfenyura. Mukupera 1940s, kumaruwa chikamu vemo vakatanga zvishoma nezvishoma kutamira kuguta vachitsvaka upenyu huri nani.

Achidzikisa urbanization mwero Zvakacherechedzwa nepakati Kuma1960 uye 1980s. Kwenguva refu inoenzanirana haana kupfuura 1.5%. Nechekare panguva iyoyo, vagari guta yaiva kumativi 74% of zvachose kwevanhu munyika. Kwemakore, kusvikira nhasi zvinhu hachina kuchinja. The chikamu Russian urbanization akaenzana 74,2%. Zviri vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 106,7. Kana nhamba kashoma kukasapfuura mamiriyoni 39. Vagere mune kumaruwa. Vazhinji vanogara rinomiririrwa mune mumaguta. Panguva iyoyo, imwe nguva maguta 15 pamwe nevagari vanopfuura mamiriyoni 1. Moscow chepamusoro (12.1 mamiriyoni. Pers.), Achiteverwa St. Petersburg (mamiriyoni 5.1. Pers.). Mumaguta akadai Novosibirsk, Kazan, Yekaterinburg, Samara, Omsk, Perm, Novgorod, Ufa, kuChelyabinsk, Voronezh, Krasnoyarsk, Rostov uye Volgograd, vanogara manhamba vari zvinobva vanhu 1 kusvika mamiriyoni 1,5.

Kusiyana avanhu

Nhasi, ari kwemarudzi uye zvitendero Zvinoumba Russia inosanganisira mazana marudzi uye zvinoratidzwa zvizere muBumbiro reMitemo. vanenge 200 vanhu vanogara munyika. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane pachako tsika dzayo, tsika uye zvitendero.

The chikuru kwemadzinza vanhu Russia - Russian. Maererano migumisiro pamwero mukuru Verengai muna 2010 rudzi urwu anopindura anenge 81% of zvachose kwevanhu munyika. Zviri vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 111. mamwe marudzi ose vanobatanidzwa vasara 19.1%. Zvinokosha kuona kuti zvose gore nhamba Russian muRussia kunotozongoita Falls. Mumakore 12 apfuura, nhamba dzinza guru yakaderera nezvikamu vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 5. Uyewo, panguva nhau nguva yave kuwedzera vanotama kubva Asia.

Mumakore 10 apfuura, Russia kwakaita vakawanda Kyrgyz, Uzbeks, Tajiks, Circassians uye Kumyk. Inoponesa wokutanga uye zvose akaita zvinopfuura 22.5%. Parallel izvi, pane chinokosha kuderera mune dzimwe ndudzi European. Pamazita Izvi zvinosanganisira marudzi dzakadai Finns, Poles, Ukrainians, uye Belarusians Karels. The soro chikamu kunaka rokutanga nhengo (-40.5%).

Nhamba huru marudzi (anopfuura mamiriyoni 1 vanhu) vari Russian, Tatars, Ukrainians, Bashkirs, Chuvash, Chechens uye vokuArmenia. Mumwe nomumwe izvi emadzinza kunoonekwa sechinhu chinokosha rokuvambwa Russian munzanga yacho.

Runodiwa - Russian

The dzemadzinza vanhu Russia ndiyo kumabvazuva Slavs, vaigara munharaunda Russia kubvira panguva yakare. Vazhinji Russian vakawanda vari Russian, asi guru Diaspora vari vakacherechedzawo muKazakhstan, Ukraine, Belarus uye United States. Ndicho kupfuura European dzinza. Panguva iyoyo, nyika ine vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 133 Russian. Ruzhinji vavo vaKristu Orthodox.

MuRussia mune zvinopfuura mamiriyoni 111 Russian. Anosimbisa ose kumatunhu munyika, kubva maguta nemisha. Pari, vanhu Russian sesangano marudzi anenge 77,7% of vanosvika Russian vanogara. Vazhinji vamiririri emadzinza vaigara Moscow - vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 9,9. In yakabatana nzvimbo guru iri pfuurei miriyoni 6.2. Russian. Kumatunhu rakatevera pakukura ndivo Krasnodar nharaunda, St. Petersburg, Rostov, Sverdlovsk nharaunda. Pane zvachose nevanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 16 Russian.

Zvinokosha kuona kuti mune boka renyika ino rinozivisa dzinoverengeka ethnographic subclasses. In yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia, vanhu Russian rinonzi Vodlozero kana zaonezhanom, pamhenderekedzo iri Barents Sea - Pomorie, muna Komi Republic - tsilemom. Zvose izvi ndiro zita vekare pemarudzi amborarama munharaunda Russia. Handizive kuti zita rake riri, uye chiRussian kubva nechepakati kwenyika. Somuenzaniso :. Katskari, freeholders, Polekh, Meshcheryakov, Sayan, Tuca, Sevryuk, tudovlyane, talagai etc. kuCaucasus uye ari Asian munzvimbo nyika govera subclasses dzakadai Don Cossacks, Molokans Kamchadals Kerzhakov, Siberians, navavaki, Gora Markovtsev uye vamwe.

Tinofanirawo vanotaurawo mapoka vakavhengana Somuenzaniso, imwe Russian muJudha. Zvisinei, mune zvinenge mapepa yesayenzi kuparadzana uku haako.

Tatar vanhu

The kwemadzinza anoumba chavagari Russia pa 3,7% iri pakutsvaga vamiririri Turkic vaitaura madzinza. Tatars vanogara kunyanya Volga nharaunda, Siberia, ivo Urals uye munzvimbo Asian. Munguva ichangopfuura, vakawanda manotsi kuFar East. In nhamba iri munharaunda Russia vanopfuura mamiriyoni 5.3 Tatars kurarama. Ndiwo yechipiri pakukura dzinza of Russian Federation.

Tatars unogona kukamurwa 3 zvikuru miganhu mapoka: asi Volga-Ural, Astrakhan uye Siberian. Vazhinji vamiririri vanhu vaigara Republic of Tatarstan (vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 2,8). Sezvineiwo, mutauro yenyika ndorwevaya mukirasi Altai, ivo tumitauro zvinogona akawanda: Kazan, Mishar uye Siberian.

Most Tatars vari Sunni vaMuslim. Mune zvisingawanzoitiki Muzviitiko, vaizviti kusatendera uye Orthodoxy. Tatar rudzi pamwe mune vamwe zvikuru subethnos. Kazanly, Mishari, priuraltsy, kasimovtsy, Siberians, teptyari, Kryashens etc. Asingasviki kwakawanda subgroups Sticky uye Nagaybaks. Sezvineiwo, yokupedzisira vaKristu Orthodox.

Ukrainian rudzi

The dzemadzinza Russian ndimo 1.35% of West necheSalvic Diaspora. Mutsindo vamiririri rudzi funga Rusyns uye malorusy. Nhasi, ari dzinza akadana Ukrainians. Mushure Poles Russian uye vari kupfuura vazhinji necheSalvic vanhu munyika. Runonyanya nemataundi Ukraine, asi rinokosha riri muRussia, uye North America.

Vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanotaura kuti Ukrainians zvakadai ethnographic subgroups sezvo Polishchuk, Boyko, Lemko uye Hutsul. Vazhinji vavo vaigara kumadokero kumatunhu Russia. Pari, ivo vose kubatanidzwa mune rimwe rudzi. MuRussia mune zvinopfuura mamiriyoni 1.9 Ukrainians. . Of izvi, anoda kusvika 160 zviuru mhenyu iri Tyumen nharaunda, 154 zviuru -. In Moscow, zvishoma zvishoma pane zviuru 120 -. Muchikamu remunharaunda chikamu guru. Kumatunhu ari nhamba Ukrainian vanhu - Krasnodar, St. Petersburg, Rostov, Omsk, Orenburg, Primorye nevamwe. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti dzinza ndima rwacho anoonekwa kuti Europe kechipiri pakukura pashure Russian. Kare, vakafukidza vanopfuura zviuru 600 mativi makiromita

Bashkir rudzi

Izvi vanhu Turkic kugarwa nharaunda Russia kubva Middle Ages. Bashkirs kunyanya kugara Russia. centre yavo tsika uye nhoroondo iri kuonekwa Republic of Bashkortostan. zvizvarwa vanhu vose vanotaura Turkic-Altaic mutauro.

Izvi zviduku dzinza muRussia vanoumba anenge 1,1% of zvachose kwevanhu. nhamba yavo zvishoma zvishoma pane mamiriyoni 1,6. Ruzhinji rwakapindura Bashkirs vanogara nyika yake yaakaberekerwa (74%). Vanopfuura 160,000 riri kuChelyabinsk mudunhu. Rakawedzera uwandu Bashkirs munyaya Tyumen, Orenburg, Perm uye Sverdlov.

Kusvikira mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, vose mutauro National zvakanyorwa Arabic, uye ipapo rakashandurirwa Latin uye Cyrillic. Kubvira kare, Bashkirs ndivo vateveri Sunni Islam. The chikuru basa chavagari ichiri kunzi mombe. Ukuwo, mumakore achangobva kupfuura vari Bashkortostan vakapemberera kukura zvokurima, yehuku uye Fisheries. Mukono Chikamu vanacho kazhinji paaivatambudza kundovhima. Women, akavapindurawo, akaberekwa nyuchi rose rabha.

Kubva Crafts dzinokudziridzwa zvakanaka kurukiswa, nezvakarukwa, makapeti kurukiswa, nedehwe Trim. Chikamu chakakura mubereko kunobva simbi indasitiri. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti yebasa Bashkirs mhando iyi vakanga vadamwa kunyange 16-17 remakore.

Kwemakore, mararamiro evanhu vemo hwachinja. Kunyange zvakadaro, pachine mumisha umo Semi-anongofamba mararamiro hwaponeswa.

The rinozviti vanhu Chuvash

The kwemadzinza anoumba chavagari Russia harisi dzakanyorwa chete, asi vamwe vemarudzi mazhinji. Maererano ichangobva vaverengwe, nyika musha vanenge mamiriyoni 1,5 Chuvash. Kunze Russia, pane chete anenge 50 zviuru vemo vamiririri kwavanobva. Vazhinji vanogara kunobva Chuvashia. To musi, 4 yakagovana miganhu subgroups. Nechokumadokero Turi aigara kuchamhembe - enchi rwezasi - Anatra, kumabvazuva inowanzorimwa an - Hirt. mutauro National - Chuvash. Zviri musanganiswa Turkish uye Bulgarian. Vanogona tumitauro akawanda, zvichienderana Nzvimbo kuzvipira.

The chikuru chitendero ndicho chiKristu Orthodox. A kuduku chikamu vagari inoomerera Islam. Kumabvazuva, kuti Republic akaramba musha, uko chitendero chete ndiye rekare pechishamani. Chuvash All chaizvo tsaurai tsika dzavo uye tsika, omunyika.

The huru kwemauto munzvimbo zvoupfumi iri mombe maberekero. nguruve vava munyika, makwai, mombe, shiri huru. Kumaodzanyemba nzvimbo akachengetedzwa nhoroondo netsika bhiza maberekero. Chuvashia akapfuma nyama nezvinogadzirwa nomukaka. zvigadzirwa Local vari aivigirwa kure miganhu of Republic. Yose zvayo, kurima inoshandisa zvinopfuura 20% of Chuvash.

Simba rerunziro rinozvarwa netsika Chechens

Pakutanga, vanhu vaidanwa Nokhchi. Nhasi, ari kwemadzinza Kuronga vanhu Russia 1% vazukuru yekare yamakomo madzinza - the Chechens. Ruzhinji zvizvarwa zvemo inobva muna North eCaucasus. KuMiddle Ages vagara Nokhchi nharaunda nhoroondo vakadaro Dagestan, Khasavyurt kufanana, Kazbek, Kizilyurtovskoya, Novolak, etc. The uwandu vamiririri rwacho vanhu mamiriyoni 1,55 muRussia -. Mamiriyoni 1,4.

Pamberi 1917 chimurenga Chechens rinonzi Nakh marudzi. It rinoumbwa Ingush Wizbang uye Kistinians. Nhasi, 84,5% of vamiririri emadzinza vaigara muBosnia, muChechnya uye vamwe - muna Dagestan uye Ingushetia. MuMoscow, pane zvizvarwa anenge 14.500 Nokhchi. Izvi zvishoma kupfuura 1% panhamba zvavo zvachose.

Vazhinji kare vanodavira kuti Chechen rudzi kwakasimbiswa somugumisiro yomunyika nenzvimbo pakati Vainakh nevanhu munguva kubva rechi16 kusvikira rechi18. Panguva ino pane chinoshingaira Islamization yacho nharaunda. Most Vainakh akatanga kuongorora gomo mamiriro enzvimbo. Zvishoma nezvishoma akaumba hwechitendero uye tsika yacho Chechens. Panguva iyoyo, kuti zvakajeka kuona zvose dzemadzinza zvinhu Vainakh hazviiti.

Armenian Diaspora

Ichi chimwe chezvinhu kare vanhu vari pakati Indo-European mhuri. Munyika vokuArmenia vakawanda kwazvo, asi vakagara vanoiswa, saka nhamba iri kunyange zvakaoma hunonzi kuziva. Vazhinji vavo muArmenia, Karabakh Republic, Georgia, Lebanon, Abkhazia, Jorodhani uye Russian Federation. Izvi zviduku dzinza muRussia vanoumba anenge 0,8% vemo. Zviri vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 1,2. VokuArmenia muRussia dzakawanda zvose muna Krasnodar uye Stavropol Territory, muna Moscow mudunhu uye muna Rostov. Mumaguta, vamiririri boka iri dzinza rine vanenge 98%.

Vatakuri protoarmyanskogo remutauro vaiva marudzi brigs uye Luvians. Mazuva ano pfungwa mutauro emarudzi vokuArmenia riri kuonekwa munhoroondo nhaka amarudzi yekare dzakakwirira. Own tsika Vasiri muIsraeri iri dzotsauka. Kunyange Muchiuru chemakore chokutanga BC. e. VokuArmenia akatamira kundima Luvians uye Hurrians, nokukwereta tsika dzavo. Kunyange zvakadaro, mamwe masayendisiti vanobvuma kuti madzitateguru boka iri dzinza vave dzichitama nevaGiriki vekare.

mamwe marudzi

Panguva iyoyo, vanhu kwemadzinza Kuronga vanhu Russia rakasanganiswa, kwete chete vamiririri vokuTurkey uye nagortsami, asiwo vamwe diasporas zhinji. Somuenzaniso, Avar - vanhu, iro rinoumbwa vekare vakadai avanhu sezvo Andi, Archi uye tsezy. nhamba yavo Russia ndiyo vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 0,9.

Zvinofanira sarudza uye mapoka emadzinza akadai Kazakhs Mordvinians, Dargins Azerbaijanis, Mari, Udmurts, Ossetins, Belarusians Kumyks uye t. D. Zvachose zvinoenderana Avo Russian vakawanda vakawanda vanenge 3,7%. The kwemadzinza Kuronga Russian Federation anosanganisirawo Kabardians, Yakuts, Buryats, Moldavians, Uzbeks, Komi, vechiGypsy, Kirghiz, Circassians, uye mazana nevamwe vanhu.

VaJudha munyika, havasi vazhinji mukutanga 2000s. nhamba yavo 156 800 vanhu. Zvinofadza kuti panguva yokupedzisira vaverengwe, vamiririri vakawanda boka iri dzinza riri rupi mbiru anozivikanwa "Russian muJudha".