Ndezvipi M-holinoblokatory?

M-holinoblokatory - zvinodhaka anozivikanwa zvakakwana. Izvi atropinopodobnye nevasori adzikatidza basa iri parasympathetic tsinga, rawo nhengo dzomuviri uye mumasero. Uyezve, nyaya zvinonyatsorondedzera migumisiro mamita-anticholinergics, avo kukosha mune mishonga chiito uye kushandisa zvinodhaka izvi.

kupatsanura

M-holinoblokatory rakakamurwa mapoka makuru matatu:

1. Rinoreva "Atropine" uye "Scopolamine," izvo zvakasikwa alkaloids.
2. semisynthetic nomukaka zvavo vane kusiyana kubva pokutangira zvinhu, wakaumbwa pharmacokinetic ehupfumi.
3. Chakaita zvokugadzirwa yeimwe kuti ive selectivity hama dzimwe subtypes ose M-cholinergic receptors.

ehupfumi

Rinoreva "Atropine", sokunoratidza zvinodhaka, anogona kuva kunobatsira zvikuru pamusoro basa iri nechepakati tsinga. Medicament "Scopolamine" anewo kunyaradza zvivako uye rinoshandiswa kusagadzikana gait, dzungu nezvimwe vestibular zvirwere. Yaiva pamahwendefa "Aeron" kutoshanda fuma, mukomboni akashandiswa kudzivirira seasickness.

Kuitwa M-holinoblokatorov "Atropine" uye "Scopolamine" zvakasiyana. Most zvakajeka kusiyana akaona sei musimboti tsinga. Rinoreva "Scopolamine", kusiyana zvinodhaka "atropine", ine raidudzwa pokudzora nechepakati mutambi kunyange mishonga duku. Izvi imhaka dzakasiyana permeability ropa kwouropi nokuidzivirira. Zviri ichi nhema chikonzero kuti Va holinoblokatory ine atropine, kushandiswa kakawanda.

Pakati semisynthetic nomukaka dzinongoitika alkaloids zvinokosha rinoreva "Homatropine" uye "Tropikamid" uye "methylatropine nitrate", "Ipratropium Bromide" uye "Tiotropium bromide". Mishonga zvose izvi havagoni zvinopfuura ropa-uropi nokuidzivirira. By chakaita zvokugadzirwa yeimwe zvinofanira kusanganisira boka chetatu M-holinoblokatory akadai rinoreva "Pirenzepine" (zvinoratidzwa nokuti maronda chirwere) uye "Tolterodine" (ndakarumbidzwa incontinence).

kunyoresa

M-Anticholinergics (the mashandiro chiito vamwe vavo vachava kunzi pazasi) zvinoshandiswa unhu antispasmodics-siyana colic (itsvo, chitaka, intestinal) basa apo bronchospasm, kuderedza kakawanda sunga mumwoyo. Mishonga pachii pakuongorora ari fundus, kurapa iritis uye iridocyclitis, nenyonganiso pakati atrio-ventricular conduction.

Kuitwa M-cholinergic mhandu, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kunoratidzwa muna kutandara pamusoro gastric uye intestinal anotsvedzerera tsandanyama, kuderedza secretion Inosanganisa mumasero. Pamusana nzira iri rinogona kushandiswa pakurapa nemaronda mudumbu uye duodenum. Drugs anoshandiswawo sezvo antidoda kudhaka holinomimetricheskimi uye anticholinesterase zvinoriumba.

Impact zvinoreva "Atropine" CNS

In nepakati mishonga, izvo vanoumba 0.5-1 MG, mushonga unogona chete zvakakwana kuwedzera parasympathetic matauriro. Izvi kunoitika pamusana excitation of nzvimbo iri medulla oblongata wayo overlying madhipatimendi. By kuwedzera uwandu husingakuvadzi murwere ane kufara mamiriro, uko kunoratidzwa kufunganya, dzidziso wenyonganyonga, aone zvinhu zvisipo. Very mishonga huru pave inhibitory mugumisiro zvingamuka pakoma muviri, zvemwoyo kukundikana.

Impact zvinoreva "Scopolamine" CNS

mushonga uyu anokwanisa vanoshandisa inhibitory zvainoita nezvebasa tsinga. Kunoratidza pacharo mu hope, kurukutika, kudzikira nhamba REM, kukanganwa. Nokuda kukwanisa kufurira euphoria mune vamwe varwere vanoshungurudza nzira, pane vajairira. Nokuda kunyaradza zvinokonzerwa zvinodhaka "Scopolamine" imwe nguva kuti kushandiswa zvayo yokutindivadza. Zvisinei zvakanzi akazozivisa, kuti kurwadziwa zviri anokwanisa, kunyange kuchirapa mishonga kuzvidya mwoyo, aone zvinhu zvisipo uye nokutambudzika. Zvinoenderana cerebral cortex, mushonga kunotadzisa inofamba kurwara.

Zvinoitwa "Atropine" kumwoyo

The chikuru mugumisiro zvinodhaka nokuchinja kakawanda sunga mumwoyo. Kunoreva aigona kubudisa iziviswe tachycardia. Zvisinei pane mishonga isingadariki bvumidzwa, kwemwoyo rutapudzo kunoitika kwenguva duku uye haakonzeri shanduko BP. Kare zvakanzi vakafunga kuti izvi zviri nokuda kweiyi ari nzvimbo yacho vagus tsinga. Asi wakatendeuka kubva kuti imwe pfuma makagarwa nemweya Mr. holinoblokatory kuti urege zvinopfuura ropa-uropi nokuidzivirira. Rinoreva "Atropine" anokwanisa yokudzivirirwa bradycardia, izvo zviri kukonzerwa esters pakati choline uye acetylcholinesterase FIs, cardiac nokusungwa ne zvemagetsi kweiyi ari vagus tsinga.

The pamasimba zvinodhaka "Scopolamine" kumwoyo

In mishonga duku, ndiyo 0.1-0.2 MG, mushonga akaita zvinokosha kuderera kwemwoyo. Mushure kuwedzera uwandu husingakuvadzi iri kutanga achengeta tachycardia, zvinotora nehafu yeawa, kana ari yatsiviwa bradycardia. Mumwe vagara belladonna alkaloids, uye vamwe M-holinoblokatory yakaratidza kuti pakurapa Parkinson chirwere. zvabuda nani kubudirira kana ikashandiswa pamwe zvinodhaka "Levodopa". M-holinoblokatory kuwana chikumbiro chavo kusagadzikana extrapyramidal hunhu, izvo zvinokonzerwa antipsychotic zvinodhaka.