Kobylianska munyori Olga Yulianovna: Biography, okugadzira zvinhu uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Olga Yulianovna Kobylianska (1863-1942) - Ukrainian munyori, inozivikanwa nechipi, uyo vakazvipira hwake kurwira kuenzana pakati pavakadzi nevarume; nhengo Union of Soviet Writers.

Childhood muna Gura Humorului muna Suceava

Olga Kobylianska (1863-1942 gg.) Akaberekwa musi November 27 mutaundi Gura Humorului munzvimbo yacho Carpathian Mountains (zvino muridzi guta neRomania) uye akararama kusvika 80 makore refu uye inonakidza upenyu. Kuti uwane Olga akapedza ake pauduku nehama dzake nehanzvadzi vaida (iye akaberekwa ari mwana chechina mumhuri). Zvakatanga upenyu hwayo muna Gura Humorului, uye ipapo pamukova kukurumidza choga baba vavo, mhuri akatamira kuguta Suceava, apo pedyo mhuri Kobylyansky akararama mudetembi wokuUkraine Nikolai Ustiyanovich. Nokukurumidza, munyori ramangwana anowana muguta idzva musikana mutsva - ake namesake uye wokwake iwoyo Ustiyanovicha mwanasikana Olga. Muguta iroro Julian Kobylyansky, vakaiisa zvikuru kuti dzidzo yevana vavo, iye akapa vanakomana diki kuchikoro. Pamwe chete nehama dzakura uye Olga akatanga zvishoma nezvishoma ajaira hwekudzidza.

Uduku muna Kimpolunge

Pashure Suceava Kobylyansky akatamira yomunda-guta, asi havana kugara ikoko - yababa vake paiva akangokudenha, pashure iyo chiremba womunzvimbo vakasarudza kuti kurapa murwere chete inoda imwe itsva gomo mhepo. Pamwe baba vake uye Olga akanga nguva dzose Kobylianska. Biography munyori ramangwana ipapo anoramba ari Kimpolung apo mhuri yose kwakamanikidzwa muna 1869, uye ivo vachagara pashure pemakore gumi nemana apo. Kuti pane achiri musikana muduku kwemakore mana, akapedza kudzidza chikoro chiduku German. Pakutanga, kurovedza chakapiwa kuoma nekuti German aiva mutauro mutsva kuti vaduku Olga, asi hapana chaigona kuitwa - mu South Bukovina mumakore iwayo German aiva mutauro unonyanya, nekuti zvidzidzo muzvikoro zvakawanda zviri kuitwa pamusoro payo.

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munyori Chero angaziva zvakawanda nokushandisa dzakasiyana-siyana zvinyorwa, uye ari munyori uyu inonakidza chokwadi kubva Biography. Olga Kobylianska aiva mumwe wevana manomwe mhuri yake. Mazuva ano zvakaoma kufungidzira - zvakadini rakaguma kupedza kuitira kuti mwana wose yakura chakakodzera murume munguva yemberi. Vabereki munyori nezveramangwana, uye zvirokwazvo kubva pakutanga zvakanga zvisiri nyore, zvikurukuru, zvinokosha kuziva kuti rinorema mugumo Yuliana Kobylyanskogo izvo chaizvo mune muduku akasiya nherera. baba Olga vake, pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, achiedza nesimba kuwana dzidzo pachavo, zvikaita iye zvidzidzo akapa cheaply nharaunda vana. nokukurumidza Nemhaka zvavaiita chichiwanikwa ruvara Kobylyansky makaita sajeni, uye pashure peizvi zvakateverwa kukwidziridzwa - akagadzwa mandatorom. Zvisinei, kuda kururamisira varume vakaita nzira paari: uchirwisana vanokudzwa womunda uye kuva nehanya, iye pachake akasaina mutongo. Asi handina kukanda mapfumo uye pashure pemakore mashomanana akaita dzakatsarukana basa mudare.

About mai Olga Kobylyanskaya kuziva zvishoma zvakawanda kupfuura Baba. Chinokosha ndechokuti akanga mwanasikana Poles vakatapwa. Kwenguva refu amai munyori yemberi aishanda ari governess mumhuri mupristi akapfuma.

Sababa naamai Kobylyanskaya vakanga vakatendeseka uye zvinobatsira vanhu, zvose kuti kuremekedzwa, vanoda zano uye kuvateerera. Baba vangu vaiva yakaomarara dzimwe nguva, asi nguva dzose vakanaka, amai aiva mukadzi munyoro uye anenge anenge vakakwanisa kuuya manomwe vakadzikama vanhu uye kuzarura nzira dzavo muupenyu.

Initial pamutemo pachakwo

Pasinei ndichibvunza kudzidza mutauro wenyika hweAustria-Hungary, akatanga kudzidza Kobylianska uye mutauro kuUkraine, wakapiwa kwakaoma zvikuru German. Iye akatora zvidzidzo kubva mudzidzisi omunharaunda mhuri Protsyukevich, uyo akadzidzisa pachikoro chete, apo Olga akadzidza.

Kuva musikana akanaka vaisagona rusununguko-rudo uye mupfungwa mumwoyo, havanzwi mabhuku, ndakanga nguva dzose achitsvaka mukana kurasa pfungwa dzavo uye manzwiro. Uye mhuri yake kubva vabereki mbereko muvana vanoremekedza uye rudo neshoko uye nebasa vanhu. Somugumisiro, mumakore yokurovedza muna Kimpolunge Olga ndaverengazve mabhuku akawanda: zvawanyora vaisanganisira Goethe uye Schiller, uye kunyange Byron.

Biography Kobylyanskoy Olgi Yulianovny anopa muverengi wakajeka pfungwa chii akatevera ari zvakasimbisa musikana nehavi unyanzvi mabhuku unyanzvi. Nechekare pazera namana iye anoedza ake wokufananidzira simba uye mutsetse wokutanga Rhymes.

mangwanani Works

Young Kobylianska Olga akanyora nhetembo yake yokutanga pasi dzinonakidza uye kuratidza musimboti vana rushoma inonzi "Hortensius, kana gadzira kwoupenyu musikana." Basa rakanyorwa mumutauro wokuGermany uye haana aifarirwa chero shamwari kana vafambidzani Kobylyanskaya. Kubva pakutanga kuvava kufoira Olga muupenyu hwangu haana zvakare rangarirai kuedza avo wokutanga kunyora.

Asi izvi hazvina kuenda kurega - akauya kubatidza shoma nhetembo: "A gadzira upenyu nenyika Bukovina," "Munhu People", etc. Asi mabasa ose aya sketchy, ichijekesa zvimwe zvinhu uye haadi kuti ndaitora .. kuva mufananidzo rakakwana pfungwa uye kunetsa nemunyori.

Paumbwe sezvo munyori Olga Kobylyanskaya

Chinhu chinokosha muna kutapwa Olgi Kobylyanskoy vakava kuziva Nataley Kobrinskoy, aiziva kuti nguva kuUkraine munyori. Chinonyanya Kobylyanskaya haawanzotauri gumi, asi izvi hazvina kutadzisa naye tsoka dzake uye chivimbo that the gait kutevera nzira iri iyo akatuma vabereki vokutanga, uye zvino chipangamazano iri munhu munyori mukuru. Kubvira, upenyu hwake hwose Kuchinja zvinoshamisa Olga. Isati anozarura nyika yakasiyana - nyika umo iye anogona pakupedzisira vataure zvavanofunga pasina kutya kusekwa.

Kobrin Kobylyansky tizive pamwe Ukrainian okugadzira zvinhu - iri kosi mabhuku wokuUkraine uye ngano. Nokukara pakuparadza shoko rose Kobylianska anoziva kuti iye awana nzvimbo yake muupenyu. shamwari zhinji uye neshamwari zvichafara kukubatsira Olga kudzidza kuUkraine tsika. Nokukurumidza Kobylianska Olga anotanga kufambira mberi nokukurumidza mune mabhuku mumunda. Pashure pokunyora nyaya mu German "Iye takaroorana," izvo akazova vaiita yokufungidzira "The Man", chiedza sokuti yakakurumbira Ukrainian munyori Kobylyanskaya Olga.

Upenyu Czernowitz

Muna 1891, kuti zvikonzero mhuri mhuri Kobylyansky yose yakatamira Chernivtsi. nguva ino zastaot Olga zvizere maruva vanyori mauto - iye anoda kumativi ose, iye anoda kuumba uye kuunza chikamu pachavo munyika ino. Muguta rino, iye zvino chinogona kufukidza Ukrainian tsika, pane uye, panguva imwe chete nani mamwe mabasa avo.

Muna 1894, mu "Dawn" magazini yakabudiswa yokutanga yechiUkraine Kobylyanskaya nyaya "The Man." Illumined inopenya mwaranzi munyori kubudirira kunyange kuoma vanoshanda, kuita shanduro dzakasiyana-siyana, iri kutora Zvinoshingaira mumabhuku zvose zviitiko zviri.

Nyaya inonzi "Princess" yakapedzwa muna 1895. Yakanga pashure basa iri Kobylianska Olga Yulianovna akahwina kuremekedza kubva rakakurumbira munyori Ivana Franko.

Muna 1898, munyori anouya guta. Pano Biography Kobylyanskaya Olga Yulianovna replenishes chiitiko chitsva chinokosha - iye pachake akasangana Ivan Franko, yakasungirirwa pakati pavo ushamwari hwakasimba. Pashure chiitiko ichi, Ivan Franko, ave nani yakavimbika uye kunamatwa panguva munyori rave pachena tarenda Olga Kobylyanskaya.

Kujairirana Mashenka Ukrainka (Larisa Kosach)

vanhu vashoma isingazivikanwi munhu umwe, asi zvikuru nerakakurumbira munyori pasi rekunyepedzera Mashenka Ukrainka. Zvakawandisa vaiva iyezvino makuhwa uye zvakavanzika kunhivi zita vakadzi ava vaviri, vaviri vanoshingaira kutsigira kodzero dzevakadzi, vasikana vaviri, zvikuru zvakafanana mumweya. Muna 1899, kuburikidza shamwari yakawiriranwa M. Pavlik aiva shamwari ramangwana maviri shamwari vasingasiyani. Muna 1899 Les rwakapedza wokutanga kunyora tsamba Olga, kubva mutsamba yokutanga uye anotanga tsamba vakadzi vaviri, vachatsausa pakuguma kwemazuva ake. Amazing anowirirana hwakagadzwa pakati pavo: vaviri mufaro mukuru tsamba mabhuku, nziyo, mabhuku, kukurukura uye kuudzawo pfungwa dzavo, matambudziko avo. Mashenka Ukrainka aigaroyemura vaiva noushingi pfungwa nemabasa Kobylyanskaya uye mumwe pakupindura kunamatwa nhetembo yake nemusikana. Mumazana ushamwari vakanga vakatendeka uye kubatsira mumwe, kazhinji akashanyira mumwe uye shomanana havana pasina kufunga nemusikana wake. Olga akashanyira Green Grove Lesia, uye pakupedzisira kuti mwedzi pamba Kobylyanskaya vabereki muMakomo Carpathian.

Zviri achionga Lesia Ukrainka musi Kobylyansky guru pfungwa yakabereka mabasa Classics Russian nenguva - NdiTolstoy, Saltykov-Shchedrin, Dostoevsky, Turgenev, etc ...

A mutsigiri vakadzi nekodzero dzevanhu

Achinzwa chinoshamisa kumanikidzwa uye overhanging kurambidzwa muminda siyana, Kobylianska Olga akasarudza unotofanira kundorwa kukanganisa kwevanhukadzi Kodzero magariro upenyu. Munyori ari moto zvikuru vakaputsa ngwizhingwi evakadzi kuti pashure yakati rakava mumwe initiators ari "Vakadzi Russian mu Bukovina".

In vazhinji mabasa ake, somuenzaniso, mu "Princess" kana wake yokufungidzira yokutanga "Munhu" Olga Kobylianska zvinoratidza zvakajeka heroines kutsvaka kweshoko - kuwana rudo, zvinoreva upenyu uye, chokwadi, vakadzi mufaro. Ose munhukadzi hunhu munyori ane simba kwake uye simba hunhu, kuburikidza iyo mumwe nomumwe simba "bhuku" Women izvi pakupedzisira unodana. Kwakadaro kwakanga musiki wavo.

Pamakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake

Pashure pemakore 1912 oupenyu ichichinja kuita mutsetse dema kuti Olga Kobylyanskaya. Mumwe nomumwe anofa neshamwari dzake pedyo: Ivan Franko, uye kunyange Kotsjubinsky Mashenka Ukrainka. The nyika anotanga hondo, uye pazuva pasi uye ivhu rinorema kushungurudzika Olga akatanga kunyora nyaya Anti-hondo, chinenge kuedza kudzokera kunyika yerima chiedza danda. Sezvo pane "Dream kuti", "Judhasi", uye vamwe.

Panguva Second World War rwavhiringidza uye pakukwegura Olga Kobylyansky kuronga kuunza kutama kubva Chernivtsi, uko iye akararama kubva hwake, asi zvikasashanda, uye anotambudzika munyori vakasungwa nokuda vokuGermany. Iye kwaifanira kuwira pasi chekutonga uye nekuitirwa akapondwa, asi zvakare ndicho simba kwake hunhu vaudzewo kuti anokwanisa kushandura uye kuzviita, kana achida, muchiitiko rose zviitiko. March 21, 1942 iye anofa. Pakuyeuka munyori rokumusha kwake Museum yakavakwa, izvo nhasi izere vanhu, zvekuti vose akarangarira mukadzi anoshamisa aiva Olga Kobylianska. Biography romunyori rinogumisa muguta rino - kwayo akavigwa Chernivtsi - nzvimbo iye kwaifanira kutanga nzira yako kuti terrific munyori uye zvakakwana kuchipedzisa.