Analytical uzivi chikamu Western tsika remakore rechi20

Analytic Uzivi chinobva mukutanga remakore rechi20 munyika dzokuMadokero idzva mirayiridzo kwouzivi zvinoratidza nehasha pakushandisa zvimwe mashoko, kungotarira nedanho pfungwa, haavimbi dzokufungidzira pfungwa. Kunyanya kupararira ichi mhando mafungiro akagashira munyika dzakadai England, Australia, USA. Analytical kuitika uzivi akaonekwa achangobva mabhuku Russian, asi mumakore 80 remakore rechimakumi maviri.

The havaoni of kwouzivi muitiro anoonekwa kuti George Moore uye Bertrand Russell, ayo Pfungwa inspirer - munyori akakurumbira "Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus" Lyudviga Vitgenshteyna.

The nhatu dzinonyanya zviri Analytical uzivi vari:

• Mitauro reductionism ndiko kuuya vose huripo zvinetso muuzivi matambudziko mutauro;
• methodological kutsvetera, izvo zvinoreva kushora zvose zviripo Analytical nzira kune rechi20 remakore dzenzvimbo pfungwa kwouzivi;
• kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro madudziro emazwi, kureva vari pfungwa pfungwa dambudziko tsika.

Analytical Uzivi remakore rechi20 - kuchikonzerwa muuzivi mutauro. Kusanzwisisa nokuda mutauro kusakwana, kuti unoreva zvakawanda mashoko uye zvirevo, maererano vaongorori - vateveri itsva maonero kwouzivi ndivo chikonzero chikuru kuti chidzoke uye kuvandudzika uzivi "wekare". Maererano Wittgenstein, chikuru basa uzivi kuti avake yakanaka yakadaro maererano kunzwisisa mutauro, izvo zvaizobatsira kuti kugadzirisa huripo emakore nharo ouzivi pamusoro pfungwa uye munhu, nezvetsika uye rusununguko rwokuzvisarudzira. Imhaka yokuti analytic Uzivi panguva padariro kwayo kwaiva formalization mutauro uye runokwaniswa kwayo musoro zviratidzo. The dambudziko iri raisanganisira vateveri Wittgenstein, Rudolf Carnap, Otto Neurath, Moritz Schlick. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pfungwa nokuunza mutauro pakukwana ayo nokukurumidza ndaneta, uye vazivi, yakanga vakaziva kuti kuvapo mutauro wakakwana kunyange bvumidzwa, asi kwete nguva dzose noitika. Somuenzaniso, mumwe yakaoma mutauro kwemasvomhu nezvisingabvumwi upenyu hwezuva nezuva, uye zvakatonyanya kudaro paainyora mabhuku asiri nezvesayenzi, kunyanya nhetembo.

Thirties remakore rechi20 vaiona inokosha nguva youzivi Analytical nesayenzi. Panguva ino Lyudvig Vitgenshteyn vakadzoka kubva kuzvidzora zvavakatemerwa kuutapwa (anopfuura 6 Makore Akashanda ari nyore vadzidzisi kumaruwa ari nzvimbo Alps) muna Cambridge. muno nokukurumidza Yakaumbwa denderedzwa vateveri duku dzidziso pamusoro Analytical mafungiro. pfungwa itsva dzakanga dziri mubhuku rinonzi "youzivi Investigations". basa iri raiva kwokupedzisira basa muzivi upenyu, akashanda pairi kusvikira parufu rwake muna 1951.

Uyezve dzakabudirira Analytical uzivi kwakanga nemabasa Gilbert Ryle, munyori "kwouzivi zvikonzero", "Category" uye vamwe vakawanda. The huru dambudziko iyo munyori vachimutsa mumabhuku ake, ndiye mubvunzo nyore: "Chii chinoita mubvunzo kwouzivi iri kwouzivi?" Mhinduro yacho iri pakuti chinangwa chikuru uzivi sechinhu sayenzi "kuparara" zvikanganiso categorical uye ose zvakangwara nodes. Kunobva kusanzwisisa uku dzinogona kugadziriswa allocating akasiyana musoro Mapato ose pfungwa uye mazwi.

Analytic uzivi nepfungwa ayo akanga anyatsoona simba pamusoro pokumuka uzivi rose munyika dzakawanda pasi pose. Nokufamba kwenguva, nzvimbo iyi uzivi rava kwetsika kuitika paupamhi, zvinokosha nzvimbo achiri simba zhinji vaitaura Chirungu kunyika.