Mamiriro Nyika

Nenyika Yedu - chete yemapuraneti zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri apo upenyu yakatanga. Izvi zvakakwanisika nokuda pamberi zhinji zvinoumba iyo inoitwa, hydrosphere, uye mhepo, uyewo zvikuru kuchinjwa womukati maumbirwo enyika uye akafanorongerwa chinhambwe kusvikira zuva. Planet chinomirira elipsopodobnoe muviri zvinosanganisira chikuru anoshongwa akawanda akasiyana siyana, zvemakemikari uye mumuviri zvivako.

Nemamiriro Nyika inyaya nemasayendisiti akawanda munyika yose, asi achiri kudzidza kwazvo chete aro okumusoro chikamu - goko paNyika, asi zvakadini akaturikidzana, pane chete yokungotaura kubvuma. Mhepo uye hydrosphere vanoumba gaseous uye aqueous pasi mumuhara. Uye womukati maumbirwo enyika waimiririra nemakwati jasi uye core.

The wejira goko - mhepo. It gasi ine chaizvoizvo kuti okisijeni uye senitrogen. The renzou hachisisiri nyika ine makemikari zvakafanana anoumba chadenga, yakakodzera upenyu hwevanhu uye zvose zvipenyu zvose. Masayendisiti anodavira kwayakatangira Nemhaka refu zvoutachiona uye nemakemikari shanduka. Mumhepo, kune nzvimbo ine zvakasiyana makemikari anoumba, tembiricha, panyama ezvinhu, izvo riri chinjikira akaturikidzana. Nokuti kufema uye uyezve nendove inobatsira chete lowermost layer pakukora chiri asingasviki 4-5? Km. Achigura kumusoro kupfuura rarefied mhepo. arambe achirema Its ipfupi katatu ose 8 km (kureba) iri shoma uye tembiricha, iyo zvino anowedzera pane imwe kukwira pamusoro 50 km vari stratosphere. Uyezve munzvimbo Mesospheric tembiricha anodonhedza zvakare, uye ipapo termosphere (pamusoro 180 km) ichiwedzerwa kwazvo. Panguva kukwira anopfuura 1000? Km rinotanga exosphere. Kwazviri ratinoona magasi yakabereka nounzenza muchadenga. The tembiricha simukai iri interconnected pamwe ionization kuti mhepo yakapoteredza magasi - chimiro electroconductive akaturikidzana, vanonzi ionosphere.

Chimwe musiyano chinokosha Nyika nemamwe mapuraneti ose ezvinhu edu ndiwo vakawanda pamusoro mvura, izvo anoparadzirwa zvakaenzanirana mari akasiyana in aggregation (zvikukutu, gaseous uye mvura). Water goko nyika yedu inonzi hydrosphere. It iripo panyika pamusoro uye mvura dzakawanda.

mamiriro Wenyika - zvaro, kudzidza kushandisa zvizivikanwe nemichina nzira, sezvo zvino, vanhu kwasvika pamwero wakadaro kuti ane hwokugadzira anokwanisa vanochera kutsime udzamu ari goko ndiyo 12 chete? km. Seismology ongorora kuparadzira uye panowanikwa mafungu yakasiyana nhau, panguva dzakasiyana makadzika. Kushandura velocities dzavo uye refraction anogona kutonga heterogeneity uye stratification yakadzika akaturikidzana panyika. Uyezve, pane zvizivikanwe nemichina muduku dzinobudirira akawanda, izvo kudzidza Geological nemamiriro Earth. Pakati pavo, nzira gravimetric, magnetometric nzira nezvakadaro.

goko The Earth iri pasi hydrosphere kana muchadenga. On ichi zvinoenderana maumbirwo kwayo. The Continental goko kwakasiyana nenyanza yakawanda simba uye zvakasiyana sezvamunoita. Oceanic goko inofukidza pamusoro 56% Nyika pevhu. Kukwanisa wayo anenge asina kupfuura 5-6 km pane vaifanira munharaunda yose. Inoitwa matatu akaturikidzana: sedimentary, uye basalt rukoko holocrystalline igneous matombo.

Avhareji ukobvu pamusoro Continental goko anoda kubva 35 kusvika 40? Km. It rinoumbwa matatu akaturikidzana: emadhaka, Continental goko rukoko uye granulite-zvinokosha.

Pakati cortex uye nguo pamusoro ndiye Mohorovicic (Mokho). On the kondinendi riri pane imwe kudzika 25 kusvika 75? Km. Mushure jasi ndiye Moho. Mariri, pane akaturikidzana matatu, izvo siyanei kubva kune mumwe:

• yokumusoro jasi (kusvika 410? km zvakadzama);
• avhareji jasi (kubvira 410 kusvika 670 km);
• jasi repasi (670-2900 km).

Chimiro vepasi wakadaro kuti riri pakati musimboti randinogara zvikamu zviviri:

• emura yokunze chikamu, riri pane imwe kudzika 2900-5146? km;
• hwakasimba mukati, udzamu kwayo - 5146-6371? km.

Masayendisiti Most rinoti kuti simbi chiwanikwa musimboti sarufa, nickel, nesilicon. The chikuru remagineti nyika yedu kunotangira ari convection rokunze core.