Chii parasitism? Kusawirirana uye zvakafanana ne parasitism predation

Nyaya ino inotsanangura zvinhu parasitism, chii ayo siyana. Uyezve, nyaya zvakafanana uye akasiyana Fani iyi predation.

upenyu

Upenyu redu pane makore anenge mabhiriyoni 4. Uye panguva ino yava akakwanisa kubuda, ichishanduka, Zvibvisike kuwanda mhuka. Uye pamwe ichi muitiro acharamba. Pasinei neizvi, chero upenyu, kunyange nyore uye diki, Zvinoshamisa chaizvo kubva esayenzi maonero. Zvisinei, sezvo mamwe marudzi mhando kuvapo. Mumwe wavo - parasitism. Fani iyi rakanyatsojeka kwakapararira. Saka zviri parasitism, chii ndokworudzii ndezvipi zvachiri? In ichi patichanzwisisa mberi.

tsananguro

Parasitism - mumwe zvikuru mhando co-nezvokuvapo zvipenyu. Kusiyana nevamwe, nokuti kunoratidzwa ndechokuti vaviri kana kupfuura zvipenyu vasina nemagene kubatana pakati uye kazhinji ndivo heterogeneous, kurarama pamwe kwenguva refu, asi muri mhandu. mhando iyi ukama pakati akasiyana utachiona mhuka. Mumwe wavo ari chisvetasimba. Inoshandisa mumwe (hondo) ave simba rine. Panguva iyoyo zvinoita zvinoisa paro rose kana kuti chikamu hukama yakapoteredza dzinogarisana. Zvino tinoziva kuti parasitism ichi.

Kana isu kutaura paruzhinji mapoka vasangana kuti co-aripo mhando iyi, ivo-siyana zvikuru, mhuka, majemusi, notumwe tupukanana mabhakitiriya. Sezvo kutonga, vasiri zviito chisvetasimba zvinowanzooneka akaisa muridzi. Uye kwayo upenyu kutenderera uye kubereka zviri zvikuru novimba okutambirwa anodiwa zviito ava zvipenyu kupfuma. Kana isu kutaura ukuru parasitism, kwenguva refu muviri ariko tichiregeredza muridzi, ndoda somugumisiro kukonzera zvakaipa kuti ekupedzisira. Munhu wacho nguva dzose zvinoenderana. Chii parasitism, tinoziva ikozvino. Ngationgororei muudzame asi ayo chikuru mhando.

shepi

Kana isu kutaura chii siyana Fani iyi iripo, vari zvakare siyana chaizvo. Tupukanana akafanana nemhuka, uye miriwo. Vari kuzivikanwa ndechokuti zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kugadzira zvinyorwa zvakasiyana: vamiririri fauna of uye kasvisto, ukuwo. Dyarai maererano yepamutemo kupatsanura inowanzodeedzwa fitoparazitami. Ndivo kakawanda kupfuura howa zviduku, zvishoma zvishoma - utachiona. Zvino funga siyana parasitism. Pane vaviri chete.

Kune vanonzi ectoparasitism uye endoparasitism. Kana rokutanga, chisikwa anogara kunze hondo yaro uye neimwe nzira chokuita ganda rake kana zvimwe cover. Chinonyanya unoshamisa muenzaniso - mites kana inda. Uye vose vari vaviri zvinodiwa muupenyu vanhu kana mhuka. Vanovanda kana bvudzi, kana kuruma kupinda ganda.

Pane zvakaitika endoparasitism, muviri anogara mukati munhu, iro rinopa naye ose anodiwa chaivo zvinhu. Kwakadaro siyana zvinosanganisira majemusi, parasitic nehonye uye nevamwe. Oddly zvakakwana, asi zviri kuna mhando rechipiri - upenyu mukati hondo - zvikuru akakurumbira ectoparasitism. Maererano zvipenyu, izvi nokuti kuti anogara mukati zviri nyore kuwana nokuti chipembenene zvakaoma chaizvo. Rakanga netsaona akapwanyika, kwete smahnosh sezvo imwe gupa kana nhata.

Kazhinji, utachiona hwacho kuti kurarama mukati hondo, shandisa pusa kufambiswa zvigadziriswe. Somuenzaniso, ari pasi mazana ari uswa, uye ipapo pamwe zvinomera nemhuka anodya, uye ane mukati maro avo tsotsonya. A ectoparasites kuti aparadzirwe achishandisa basa nzira. Kunewo tupukanana necrotrophy. Ivo zvisingapindirani kuti kukonzera rufu motokari yake yakafanira kusava muviri. Kana akafa nemhaka zvine chepfu chaibwinya kubudikidza tupukanana mukufamba upenyu hwavo.

Sverhparazity

Sverhparazitov saka ainzi chikonzero chakanaka. Dzavo nevamwe zvinhu kwete kukura kana kuparadzirwa nzira. The ndechokuti vari tupukanana, zvakadai sezvaunozviita. Kufanana chisikwa anorarama nemari yacho chipembenene, vagere mukati mhuka. Inonzi chisvetasimba rechipiri mhando. Mune zvisingawanzoitiki chaizvo nyaya, unogona kuwana izvi "zvakaipa" wechitatu uye chechina kurongeka!

Predation uye parasitism

Kusiyanisa maererano kupatsanura pakati yakaisvonaka predation uye parasitism ndiyo nharo. Uye kunowanzokonzera kuvhiringidzika. Dzimwe nguva, pasi tsanangudzo ichi chinomirira muviri wacho chero kudya mumwe, pasina chibayiro. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, zviri nhamba yacho chisvetasimba uye hondo. Asi isu vachiri kuedza kuzvinzwisisa.

Sezvakaita pamwe dzekare mhuka predation, chisvetasimba kukuvara zvokunze kana womukati maumbirwo wehondo muviri. Vakasiyana chete chinangwa kukokwa kupindira. Kana tikafunga zvakafanana uye akasiyana predation uye parasitism, kuti chipembenene muupenyu hwake, somunhu ushe, tunogara chete hondo. Haana kufarira rufu rwake. Zvisinei, izvi handizvo zvinoitika nguva dzose. Dzimwe mhando tupukanana kurarama mukati Zvisinei, asi chinangwa chikuru unopedza dzavo akuvara. Somuenzaniso, saka kuita mazana vamwe Diptera.

Zvinonzi zvakare nesayenzi, dzimwe mhuka dzinogona chokubatanidza munhu parasitic mararamiro pamwe dzinodya dzimwe. Unhu izvi vane notupukanana reduviidae mhuri. Vanogona kudya sedzimwe tumbuyu, uyewo ropa noushamwari-ropa rechiJudha chairo munhu kana mamwe mhuka.

Chii kufanana pakati predation uye parasitism?

Nokuti zvose zvayo musiyano, kufanana Chokwadi, pane. Uye tupukanana, uye zvikara kurarama tichiregeredza nevamwe. Just apfuura raitwa nguva anoenda pamusoro kuvhima. Saka ita shumba, Tigers, panthers, uye zvichingodaro. Vamwe, nokuda kwavo duku saizi, kuti nokungwarira kudya, pamwe ikumikidzo namano.