Mann-Whitney bvunzo: imwe tafura muenzaniso

Chokuratidza mu kwemasvomhu nhamba - vaitofanira mutemo, maererano pfungwa yokuti pamwero kukosha unogamuchirika kana akarambwa. Nekuivaka, unofanira kuwana chaicho basa. Zvinofanira kuvimba okupedzisira migumisiro kuedza, ndiko kuti, kubva empirically vakatsunga tsika. Ndicho ichi chinoratidza achava mudziyo kuongorora kusiyana ivhu.

Statistically chinokosha ukoshi. tsananguro

Statistical kukosha - ndiko kukosha mukana netsaona chiitiko yakaderera chaizvo. Vasingakoshi sezvo zvakawanda akanyanyisa uye ayo unongotaura. Musiyano anonzi statistically chinokosha panyaya apo pane data, mukana chiri kunyora nezvavo kana kutaura kuti kusiyana izvi havapo. Asi izvi hazvirevi kuti musiyano uyu anofanira hazvo kuva huru uye chinokosha.

The pamwero Statistical kukosha bvunzo

Izvi izwi zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kunge vanoramba null pfungwa panyaya chokwadi chacho. Ichi chinonziwo chikanganiso worudzii rokutanga, kana nhema akanaka sarudzo. Kazhinji, izvi kunobva pap-ukoshi ( "Pi-ukoshi"). Izvi tinofanira kugara fungidziro nokucherechedza pachiyero Statistical bvunzo. Iyewo, ane mharidzo panguva wokugamuchirwa iri null pfungwa. The pfungwa kucharambwa kana S.-mutengo idukusa rakaziviswa chechetere muongorori. Kubva mufananidzo uyu kunobva zvakananga kukosha bvunzo tsika: duku iri, iye, ukuwo, uye zvakawanda chikonzero kuramba pfungwa. Kukosha pamwero Kazhinji runotaurwa tsamba B (Alpha). Popular kwokufananidzira pakati vanachiremba: 0.1%, 1%, 5% uye 10%. Kana, somuenzaniso, akati kuti ipapo Zvechokwadi tiri kutaura pamusoro 0.1% pamwero Statistical kukosha munhu kurongwa shanduka mikana machisa vari 1 muna 1,000,. nedudziro b-siyana vane zvayakanakira zvavo nezvayakaipira. Kana indekisi kushoma zvino mukuru rinofanira kuti nzira ndeyokuti chinokosha. Kunyange izvi kunogona kuva nengozi kuti null chenhema pfungwa haisi kurambwa. Zvinogona vakagumisa kuti kusarudza pakati Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri b-pamwero kunoenderana pakuenzanisa "kukosha kwesimba" kana, ukuwo, pakati nekuyanana ndingangokuvara yakanaka uye venhema venhema zvisarudzo kunaka. Nowekuti "Statistical kukosha" mumabhuku Russian ndiro izwi "nderechokwadi".

Kutsunga of null pfungwa

In kwemasvomhu uwandu, kubvuma izvi akadzivisa kusachinja-chinja vaine yaivapo empirical uchapupu muruoko. Kazhinji, ari null pfungwa chinobviswa pfungwa kuti kuwirirana pakati chidzidzo variables chinoshayikwa kana kuti hauna kudzidza kugovera zvakafanana kupesana. Under mureza tsvakurudzo yemasvomhu kuedza kusaratidza null pfungwa, kureva kuti kuratidza kuti hazvina kunoenderana experimental zvakawanikwa. Uye kutora nzvimbo uye imwe nzira pfungwa kuti unogamuchirwa pachinzvimbo razero.

anokosha tsanangudzo

Chokuratidza U (Mann-Whitney) mu kwemasvomhu nhamba anobvumira kuti vaongorore kusiyana ivhu maviri. Vanokwanisa kupuwa nenhanho chine kunoyerwa quantitatively. Nzira iyi ndiyo yakanaka nokuda kunyatsoongorora kusiyana ivhu duku. Izvi chokuratidza nyore akanga dzataurwa nokuda Frank Wilcoxon muna 1945. Uye kare muna 1947, nzira yave rakadzokororwa uye vaisanganisa nemasayendisiti H. B. Mann uye D. R. Uitni, mazita zvaakanga rinonzi nhasi. Mann-Whitney bvunzo mu zvepfungwa, masvomhu, nhamba, uye sayenzi vamwe vazhinji mumwe chinokosha pezvokuvamba kwemasvomhu nheyo yokungotaura tsvakurudzo.

tsananguro

Mann-Whitney - nzira iri nyore kunzwisisa pasina parameters. Kukwanisa Its zvinokosha. It zviri kupfuura simba Rosenbaum Q-bvunzo. Nzira Anoongorora duku sei nzvimbo muchinjikwa tsika pakati ivhu, zvinoti pakati pemitsara ari rakava tsika wokutanga uye wechipiri pazviridzwa. Kukosha idukusa chokuratidza, kwakondiko kuti parameter zvinokosheswa zvinokosha kusiyana. To nemazvo kushandisa chokuratidza U (Mann-Whitney), usakanganwa pamusoro mamwe kurambidzwa. Mumwe muenzaniso anofanira kanenge 3 noruzhinji ukoshi. Zvinogoneka kuti mune imwe nyaya tsika vaviri, asi kechipiri ivo hazvo zvinofanira zvinenge zvishanu. Pabvunzo ivhu vanofanira kuva shoma nhamba coincident zviratidzo. nhamba All zvinofanira kuva zvakasiyana mune yakanaka nyaya.

kushandiswa

Sei nemazvo kushandisa Mann-Whitney bvunzo? Table, yakaitwa nenzira iyi unotora imwe yakaoma ukoshi. First unofanira kusika chete akagadzirwa vaviri vachiwirirana ivhu, ayo panguva iyoyo rakava. Kureva kuti, zvinhu zviri kurongwa maererano mwero zvibereko kuchiitwa uye ezasi chinzvimbo riri basa kukosha duku. Somugumisiro, isu tiwane uwandu zvidzidzo:

N = n1 + N2,

apo tsika n1 uye N2 - nhamba vezvikwata zviri rokutanga uye rechipiri ivhu azvaitwa. Uyezve, imwe chete rakava nhamba tsika rakakamurwa mhando mbiri. Anokwana zviyero ukuwo, rokutanga uye rechipiri ivhu. Zvino munyaya kutendeuka uchiverenga kwevazivisi tsika rokutanga uye rechipiri misara. It akasarudza vazhinji vavo (TX), izvo unoenderana wezvaizogona pamwe nx dzakabatana. Kushandisa zvimwe Wilcoxon nzira, ukoshi hwayo rinowanikwa nevanhu zvinotevera nzira. Zvakafanira kuti tafura yokuziva yasarudzwa nenhanho zvinorehwa dzinonetsa yokuona nayo zvakananga vatora n1 uye N2. The zvichiguma chinoumba inogona kuva shoma pane kana kuenzana kukosha kubva patafura. Muchiitiko chino, chinokosha musiyano iri kuvazivi unhu mumatunhu ari kudzidza mharidzo. Kana zvichiita kukosha mukuru tafura, ipapo null pfungwa unogamuchirwa. Kana kuverenga rinoitwa Mann-Whitney bvunzo, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kana null pfungwa ndeyechokwadi, chokuratidza achava kutarisira, uyewo akapararira. Cherechedza kuti hombe zvemaBhaibheri date ivhu nzira anonzi anenge zvakajairika kuparadzira. Zvinorehwa Kusiyana riri kumusoro, mutengo inova shoma Mann-Whitney bvunzo.