Ari STRUCTURAL sangano puroteni Morekuru yomuropa: yechipiri sechivako puroteni

Hwaro maumbirwo mapuroteni uye proteids ari polypeptide cheni, uye puroteni Morekuru anogona kuva mumwe, vaviri kana kupfuura matunhu. Kunyange zvakadaro, mumuviri, zvoutachiona uye makemikari zvivako zviri biopolymers zvinokonzerwa kwete chete wemauto makemikari marongerwo ringaita kuva "maturo", asiwo vamwe kwevari sangano puroteni mamorekuru.

The chikuru sechivako puroteni vagara vandifungira Qualitative uye quantitative amino asidhi sezvamunoita. Peptide zvisungo ndivo hwaro zvikuru mamiriro. Kokutanga pfungwa iyi yataurwa 1888 A. Ya. Danilevsky, uye gare gare ndakazoona ake kwechokwadi kwetunhu peptides iro kuitwa E. Fischer. The mamiriro mapuroteni mamorekuru zvose nezvokumwe A. Ya. Danilevskim uye E. Fischer. Maererano nepfungwa iyi, puroteni mamorekuru ine vakawanda amino asidhi residues ayo zvakabatana nokuda peptide zvisungo. mapuroteni Morekuru angava mumwe kana kupfuura polypeptide nengetani.

Kana chikuru hurongwa kwemapurotini akashandiswa bvunzo zvemakemikari nevasori uye proteolytic makemikari. Saka, achishandisa nzira Edman zviri nyore chaizvo kuziva chirwere amino acids.

The mamiriro yechipiri pakati puroteni inoratidza spatial configuration pakati puroteni Morekuru. Pane zvinotevera yechipiri mamiriro mhando: Arifa-akamonyoroka, Beta-zononoka, collagen akamonyoroka. Masayendisiti akawana kuti kupfuura yo Arifa-akamonyoroka nemamiriro peptides.

The mamiriro yechipiri pamusoro puroteni iri kugadzikana pachishandiswa rehydrogen kusungwa. Ekupedzisira simuka pakati rehydrogen maatomu waakaita kuti electronegative senitrogen atomu rimwe peptide ukama, uye carbonyl okisijeni Atomu wechina mumwe wayo amino acids, uye vari kutungamirirwa achitevedza zononoka. Energy Masvomhu anoratidza kuti polymerization pamusoro amino acids izvi ndizvo zvimwe zvokufambisa zvakanaka Arifa-akamonyoroka, izvo chipo mururimi mapurotini.

The mamiriro yechipiri ine puroteni: Beta-jira mamiriro

Polypeptide maketani Beta-mipendero kumwezve zvakazara. Beta-mipendero vari inoumbwa kudyidzana zviviri peptide kusungwa. Chimiro ichi ndiwo maitiro fibrous mapuroteni (puroteni fibroin, etc.). Zvikurukuru, Beta-puroteni dzinoratidzwa yakafanana urongwa polypeptide ngetani kuti mamwe Kutsigiswa interchain disulfide zvisungo. The sirika fibroin pedyo polypeptide ngetani vari antiparallel.

The mamiriro yechipiri pamusoro puroteni: collagen akamonyoroka

The inotungamirwa ine matatu spiralized tropocollagen ngetani, iro rine tsvimbo chimiro. Spiralized cheni curl they uye dzinoumba superhelix. Helix Kutsigiswa rehydrogen zvisungo pakati hydrogen iri peptide yokuvamba amino amino iine acid Zvakasara cheni mumwe uye yakachena pamusoro carbonyl boka amino iine acid vasara imwe cheni. Nechipiriso collagen mamiriro anopa mukuru simba uye elasticity.

The tertiary nemamiriro puroteni

mapuroteni Most ari chizvarwa ezvinhu zviri zviduku yakarongeka, zvakatemwa nokuda chimiro, kukura, uye polarity pamusoro amino asidhi radicals, uye amino asidhi kutevedzana.

A chinokosha simba pamusoro paumbwe chizvarwa mapuroteni conformation, kana tertiary hurongwa vane hydrophobic uye Ionic mukukurukurirana, rehydrogen zvisungo, etc .. Under kuitwa mauto aya kunokwanisika thermodynamically dzematongerwe conformation pamusoro puroteni Morekuru wayo Kudzikamiswa.

The quaternary mamiriro

mhando iyi nemamiriro morekuru mugumisiro Sangano subunits wandei kupinda chete Morekuru yakaoma. The Zvinoumba neimwe subunit zvinosanganisira chikuru, yechipiri uye tertiary ezvirevo.