Globular uye fibrillar mapuroteni: dzinokosha unhu

Mana makirasi kukosha Organic yeimwe inova chikamu muviri: nucleic acids, mafuta, makabhohaidhiretsi nemapurotini. On yokupedzisira ichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

Chii mapuroteni?

Izvi polymer makemikari akavaka kubva amino acids. Mapuroteni vane kunzwisisa maumbirwo.

Sezvo synthesized mapuroteni?

Izvi zvinoitika muna mumasero nhengo. Kune anokosha organelles kuti vane basa izvi. ribosome ichi. Zvinosanganisira zvikamu zviviri: zviduku, ikashandiswa munguva organelle. Muitiro synthesizing ari polypeptide nengetani amino acids rinonzi shanduro.

Ndezvipi amino acids?

Pasinei nokuti akasiyana mapuroteni pamuviri vasingaverengeki, amino acids, iyo inogona kuumbwa, pane chete maviri. kusiyana kwakadaro kwemapurotini zvinoitwa dzakasiyana siyana uye sequences pamusoro amino acids, uyewo siyana pekugara chaining muchadenga.

Amino acids ane zvavo makemikari anoumba maviri akarwisana ehupfumi pamusoro dzichipfekeka mapoka: carboxyl uye amino boka, uye kukuru: anonhuhwirira aliphatic kana heterocyclic. Uyezve, mamwe dzichipfekeka mapoka anogona wakazopinzwa radicals. Izvi zvinogona kuva carboxylic mapoka acid, amino mapoka, amide, hydroxyl, guanidovye boka. Uyewo, kukuru anogona ane nesarufa sezvamunoita yavo.

Heino mazita acids umo mapuroteni inogona kuvakwa:

• alanine;
• glycine;
• leucine;
• valine;
• isoleucine;
• threonine;
• naSerine;
• glutamic asidhi ;
• aspartic asidhi ;
• glutamine;
• asparagine;
• arginine;
• lysine;
• methionine;
• cysteine;
• tyrosine;
• phenylalanine;
• histidine;
• tryptophan;
• proline.

gumi izvi, zvinokosha - avo risingagoni synthesized mumuviri womunhu. Izvi valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, histidine, arginine. Vanofanira anwa nezvokudya. Vazhinji izvi amino acids zvinowanikwa hove, nyama, nyama, nzungu, bhinzi.

The chikuru nemamiriro puroteni - chii?

kutevedzana uku amino acids chuma. Kuziva chikuru nemamiriro puroteni, zvinogona kuita chaiyo namakemikari fomura.

mamiriro yechipiri

It inzira nokuvhiringidza polypeptide cheni. Pane vaviri nzira nokuda configuration pakati puroteni Arifa-akamonyoroka uye Beta-chivako. The mamiriro yechipiri pamusoro puroteni inopiwa rehydrogen zvisungo pakati CO- uye NH- mapoka.

The tertiary nemamiriro puroteni

Izvi spatial wezwi ane zononoka kana nzira nokuisa pamwero. Inopa disulfide uye peptide namakemikari zvisungo.

Zvichienderana rudzi tertiary hurongwa zviripo fibrous uye globular nemapurotini. Ekupedzisira vane idenderedzwa chimiro. Structure fibrillar mapuroteni afanane shinda riri kuumbwa nenzira multilayer kuisira Beta zvivako kana yakafanana urongwa anoverengeka Alpha-zvivako.

The quaternary mamiriro

Ndiwo maitiro kuti mapuroteni izvo rinoumbwa hapana mumwe, asi akawanda polypeptide ngetani. mapuroteni akadai dzinonzi oligomeric. ngetani nomumwe akabatanidza sezvamunoita dzavo, inonzi protomers. Protomers, iro zvakavakwa ane oligomeric mapuroteni anogona zvose chete kana siyana chepuraimari, yechipiri kana tertiary marongerwo.

Chii denaturation?

kuparadzwa uku quaternary, tertiary, yechipiri mapuroteni zvivako, kwamakadarika nayo anorasikirwa ayo zvemakemikari uye utano zvivako uye handichakwanisi kuita basa rayo mumuviri. Izvi zvinogona kuitika somugumisiro yakakwirira tembiricha mapuroteni (kubva 38 Celsius, asi mumwe nomumwe mapuroteni, nhamba iyi) kana utsinye zvinhu zvakadai acids uye alkalis.

Vamwe mapuroteni vanokwanisa annealing - the resumption waro yepakutanga mamiriro.

kupatsanura kwemapurotini

Kupiwa makemikari anoumba, vari rakakamurwa nyore uye zvakaoma kunzwisisa.

Simple mapuroteni (mapuroteni) - ndivo avo maingova amino acids.

Complex mapuroteni (proteid) - avo kuti akaumbwa rimwe prosthetic boka.

Zvichienderana rudzi prosthetic boka mapuroteni unogona kukamurwa:

• lipoprotein (ine lipids);
• nucleoproteins (anoumbwa vane nucleic acids);
• chromoproteids (ane pigments);
• fosfoproteidy (akaumbwa phosphoric acid);
• metalloproteins (ane simbi);
• glycoproteins (kureva nokudya makabhohaidhiretsi).

Uyezve, zvichienderana nemhando globular tertiary mamiriro ariko uye fibrillary mapuroteni. Vose vanogona kuva nyore kana zvakaoma.

Properties ose fibrous mapuroteni vavo basa mumuviri

Vanogona kuva mapoka mapoka matatu zvichienderana yechipiri mamiriro:

• Alpha-mamiriro. Izvi zvinosanganisira puroteni myosin, tropomyosin uye nevamwe.
• Beta mamiriro. Somuenzaniso, fibroin.
• Collagen. mapuroteni ichi, ine chimiro chaiyo chesekondari, ndiro kana Arufa-akamonyoroka kana Beta-mamiriro.

Properties fibrillar mapuroteni mumapoka ose matatu iri yokuti vane filamentary tertiary chimiro, uye havasi soluble mumvura.

Ngatitaurei pamusoro huru fibrillar mapuroteni zvakawanda kuti:

• Keratins. Ichi boka rose siyana mapuroteni, inova huru chezvinonhuwira bvudzi, mbambo, minhenga, shinda, nyanga, mahwanda uye zvakafanana. D. Uyezve, fibrillar mapuroteni cytokeratin boka iri chikamu masero achiumba cytoskeleton.
• Myosin. fuma iyi, inova chikamu tsandanyama fibers. Pamwe actin, kuti fibrillar mapuroteni chinhu contractile uye kunovimbisa nokushanda kwenhengo dzemuviri.
• Tropomyosin. Izvi zvinhu ine mbiri zvakanyatsobatana Alpha helices. Uyewo chikamu tsandanyama.
• Fibroin. mapuroteni Izvi aburitswa nezvipembenene zhinji uye arachnids. Ndicho chikuru chezvinonhuwira web uye sirika.
• Collagen. Ichi ndicho fibrillar mapuroteni ari mumuviri womunhu. Ndizvo chikamu mudzira, shwashwa, tsandanyama, tsinga, ganda, uye zvichingodaro. D. Izvi zvinhu rinopa elasticity munyama. collagen mumuviri zvinoderedza nezera, uye saka wrinkles kuitika paganda, nemarunda simba nemarunda, uye t. d.

Next funga boka kwemapurotini rechipiri.

Globular mapuroteni: mhando, zvivako uye utachiona basa

Zvinhu zviri boka iri vane idenderedzwa chimiro. Vanogona kuva soluble nemvura, alkali zvinogadzirisa, acids uye munyu.

Rakajairika globular mapuroteni mumuviri uri:

• Albumins: ovalbumin, lactalbumin, etc ..
• Globulins: ropa mapuroteni vamwe (semuenzaniso, inonzi hemoglobin, myoglobin.).

Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro vamwe vavo;

• Ovalbumin. mapuroteni Izvi zvinosanganisira 60 muzana zai chena.
• Lactalbumin. The chikuru chezvinonhuwira mukaka.
• Chizenga. Izvi zvakaoma globular mapuroteni, dzaisanganisira sezvo heme prosthetic boka aripo - iri boka ruvara ine simbi. Chizenga zvirimowo mumasero matsvuku. mapuroteni ichi, izvo anokwanisa nokusungwa ne okisijeni uye kutakura nayo.
• Myoglobin. Zviri puroteni rakafanana hemoglobin. It anoita basa rakafanana - kutakura oxygen. imwe puroteni kwakadaro huri tsandanyama (cardiac uye striated).

Zvino kuti munoziva zvinhu kusiyana pakati nyore uye zvakaoma, fibrillar uye globular nemapurotini.