Ndechipi yepasi pose microwave kumashure nemwaranzi

Pasinei kushandisa michina ano uye achangobuda nzira kudzidza zvakasikwa, mubvunzo parinowanika richakazaruka. Izvi hazvishamisi, kufunga zera rake: maererano achangopfuura data, izvozvo anoda kubva 14 kusvika 15 bhiriyoni makore .. Zviri pachena kuti sezvo pakanga zvishomanana uchapupu zvichiitika kamwe chikuru pakupfuura pezvose zvakasikwa. Naizvozvo kutaura hapana kugadziriswa, dzisina hypotheses. Zvisinei, mumwe wavo achangobva akapiwa simba chaizvo nharo - CMB.

Muna 1964, nhengo mbiri inozivikanwa rabhoritari, anoita redhiyo yokurinda Satellite "Echo", vaibvumirwa kupinda runoenzanirana Ultra-michina, akasarudza tarisa dzimwe zvavo dzidziso pamusoro redhiyo akabuda zvimwe nzvimbo zvinhu.

Kuti Anosakurawo panze zvichibvira kupindira pano manyuko, kwakasarudzwa kushandisa wavelength Zvisinei, muna 7.35 masendimita, chinhu chinoshamisa rakanyoreswa pashure akatendeuka uye Tuning pamusoro kanyanga :. In zvose zvakasikwa rwakanga rwakakura ruzha, kugara zvinoriumba background. It hakubvi kudivi nzvimbo hama paNyika kune dzimwe mapuraneti, izvo pakarepo Anosakurawo kunze nokufungidzira redhiyo chipingaidzo kuti yepasi pose midziyo, kana nguva zuva. Kana R. Wilson, A. Penzias kana ukasazviziva kunyange kuti kakasaririra nemwaranzi wezvose akazarurwa.

Sezvo hapana wavo haana pfungwa iyi, achinyora kubvisa "mabviro" kune zvikuru midziyo (zvokuti rangarira kuti uri kushandisa microwave kanyanga chinonyanya vasanonoka panguva), vakapfuura kwerinenge gore, kusvikira zvakava pachena - rakanyorwa ruzha ndiyo chikamu wezvose pachayo. Kuwanda imwe redhiyo chiratidzo rikasimudzwa nenzira substantially kufanana nemwaranzi kuchinyanya blackbody tembiricha iri Kelvin 3 (1 Kelvin akaenzana -273 Celsius). Enzanisa razero Kelvin unoenderana tembiricha iri chinhu pamusoro mira maatomu. The nemwaranzi maitikiro iri zvinobva 500 MHz kusvika 500 GHz.

Panguva ino, theorists maviri Princeton University - Dicke uye E. Pibbls kunobva zvitsva yokutevedzera zvakasikwa, mathematically akaverenga kuti nemwaranzi chakadaro kuvapo uye kutekeshera zvose nzvimbo. Hatigoni kutaura kuti Penzias, netsaona akaziva NEZVENYAYA IYI hurukuro, ndakaenda kunoona yunivhesiti akati kuti ichi nemwaranzi kakasaririra akanga dzakaonekwa.

Uchifungidzira ari Big Bang, zvose yacho simba wezvose zvakasikwa mugumisiro huru pakuputika. Wokutanga 300 chiuru. Years shure kwemakore kunosanganisira zvokutanga nezvimedu uye radiations. Naizvozvo, nokuda pakuwedzera tembiricha yakatanga kunaya, zvichiita kugamuchira maatomu. Vakanyorwa kakasaririra nemwaranzi - ane ungira nguva idzodzo kure. Chero bedzi zvakasikwa Zvaiva noukomba, kuti PARTICIPLE arambe achirema zvokuti yakakwirira kuti mwaranzi iri "chokuita" sezvo vazhinji zvacho zvinoratidza chimwe mafungu mhando, kwete achivabvumira kupararira. Zvakange chete pashure pakutanga inotungamirwa kwemaatomu, nzvimbo yava "segirazi" kuti mafungu. Zvinonzi vaidavira kuti CMB akazviratidza kuti nzira. Panguva iyoyo, munyika dzose cubic sendimita nzvimbo rine vanenge 500 yepakutanga photons Zvisinei, avo simba shoma nokuda kusvika ka100.

Nechekumashure nemwaranzi pamusoro dzakasiyana-siyana zvakasikwa ane tembiricha zvakasiyana. Izvi imhaka nzvimbo chikuru nyaya iri kuwedzera muchadenga. Apo arambe achirema pamusoro maatomu mhaka ramangwana rakanga dziine nemwaranzi, saka tembiricha waro ipfupi. Zviri munzvimbo idzi dzakwidzwa vakaumba zvinhu guru (mapoka enyeredzi vavo masumbu).

Kudzidza CMB anosimudza chifukidziro chokwadi pamusoro vazhinji kwemasayendisiti kuitika pakutanga kwenguva.