Pathogenic utachiona: dzinogarisana. Utachiona mumuviri womunhu

Utachiona - vagari vakawanda vekare redu. Vakakwanisa kuchinja zvinenge zvose zvinogoneka ezvinhu oupenyu. Utachiona dziripo Pasi kwemabhiriyoni emakore. Vari rinoparadzirwa munyika yose uye varipo mune zvose zvinhu zvipenyu dzayo. Munyaya ino isu ichakurukura mubvunzo kworudzii anokonzera zvirwere mabhakitiriya. Habitat ezvinhu zvipenyu izvi zvicharehwawo waongororwa nesu.

Kushanduka mabhakitiriya

Vamiririri yavo yokutanga akazoonekwa anopfuura mabhiriyoni 3,5 akapfuura. Kwerinenge bhiriyoni makore, zvinenge ava vaiva chete zvipenyu Panyika.

Chokutanga, utachiona vane chinyakare yakarongeka. Ipapo Zvisinei zvikuru kwakatooma,, uye ikozvino zvinenge ava kupfuura chinyakare chete-celled. Zvinofadza kuti munguva yedu, dzimwe mabhakitiriya akachengetedzwa zvinhu zvakafanana wamadzibaba avo. Izvi zvinoshandawo kune zvinhu zvipenyu zviri inopisa sarufa zvitubu, uyewo kugara pasi madziva (mu anoxic muds).

ivhu utachiona

Ivhu zvinenge - chikuru boka utachiona. chimiro chavo anonyatsorayiridzwa kujairana kurarama avo ezvinhu, izvo vanoda. Nokufamba-shanduka, zviri kushanda handishanduki. Maumbirwe ivhu mabhakitiriya anogona akafanana rutanda, bhora. Vanogona kuvawo munhu curved chimiro. Utachiona ava kazhinji hemosintetikami. Nemamwe mashoko, simba vari vakazvigadzirirwa dzakananga redox siyana, izvo nokuitika kutora chikamu carbon dioxide inobvisa (carbon dioxide inobvisa). Somugumisiro izvi zvinenge izvi synthesize zvinhu izvi, izvo inoshandiswa mamwe marudzi upenyu.

Mhando utachiona muvhu

Vadanana mupfumi uye zvakasiyana-siyana kwemabhakitiriya sezvamunoita. Pakati vagari vayo Munokudzwa:

• putrefaction mabhakitiriya ;
• senitrogen-kugadzira zvinenge;
• Mabhakitiriya, inova nzvimbo - ivhu;
• hunotanga kuora utachiona (acetic acid, lactic acid, butyric acid);
• tupukanana tusingaoneki, izvo kuderedza simbi inorema.

Pakati pavo, kwete zvose zviri ngozi zvinomera uye mhuka. Vazhinji, Ukuwo, zvinobatsira. Ivo basa rinokosha zvakasikwa. Zvisinei, muna ivhu uye pane utachiona. dzinogarisana zvinobatsira kuti chokwadi kuti kukurukura miti kutambura kwavari.

Kudzivirira zvirwere utachiona muvhu

Kana chikabatwa nokungwarira pamwe ivhu nguva nenguva Alternate zvirimwa akura pamusoro payo, zvichaita kukurira mabhakitiriya anokuvadza uye zvine chepfu pachavo. Somuenzaniso, mashoko hunokachidza fuma anogara kuoneka pana kuorera mazviri uye kuora pamidzi, madzinde uye mashizha. Zvisinei, ivhu utano, izvi chichaitika sezvingatarisirwa, hazvizovi rora utachiona pathogenic zvirimwa. Dambudziko rinowanikwa apo zvikuru ichiwedzera chirimwa nyaya inoda kugadzira. Naizvozvo zvakakodzera kuti kucheka mapazi chiya kuvadzura miti, nemiti kubviswa uye akatema, kuti machipisi zvose, midzi uye manyoro kubva panzvimbo.

Pakurwisa pathogenic ivhu utachiona

Kana ukaona kuti nzvimbo yako kurwara dzose nguva, mumwe chete mhando chirimwa, hazvina zvakakodzera gore negore mwaya njodzi mashizha madzinde. Chokwadi chokuti chinoronga bhuku anogara muvhu. Naizvozvo zvakafanira kudzivirira mbeu kubva chirwere. Ipapo miti kuti vape- kwavari, vachava noutano hwakanaka.

Rakasanganiswa nemvura, potassium permanganate ndiyo nyore nzira kurwisa utachiona. Zvinofanira rakasanganiswa nemvura pa 1 g pa 100 ml mvura. Izvi zvinoteverwa nehafu yeawa soka mairi mbeu, uye ipapo sukurudza kwazvo nemvura. Mumwe mumiririri - mudutu imwe ity mvura 1 giremu pamusoro crystals ose potassium permanganate uye "dombo yebhuruu" (mhangura sulfate) uye kuwedzera 0.2 g boric acid.

Pathogenic utachiona mumuviri womunhu

Utachiona uhwu - tupukanana-symbionts. Chii ngozi vanhu pathogenic utachiona? Vari dzinofambiswa kuburikidza kushandisa imwe nhengo, kusanganisira munhu. Mukuwedzera, ivo muchetura yokupedzisira chigadzirwa muupenyu hwavo. Somugumisiro, pangava kwazvo zvirwere: korera, fivha, hwechigwadara, tibhii, brucellosis, uye vamwe.

Rakajairika pakati pavo ndiye dzinogarisana mate kwevanhu murwere, uyewo nezvirongo uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinoshandiswa nevanhu murwere. Vanogonawo kupinda muviri kuburikidza stale indoor mhepo. Pathogenic utachiona zvinowanikwa mumvura, zvokudya uye akapotsa hukawanika zvose. Kwavari kunyanya zvakanaka nzvimbo dzisina utsanana. Kubva mhuka vanorwara rinogona utachiona, nekuti vamwe utachiona izvi, zvinokuvadza kwavari, uye zvinogona kutikuvadza.

Uye zvinomera, sezvatakagamuchira akati, zvinogona kukanganisa mabhakitiriya. dzinogarisana zvinosanganisira, kunyanya, zvibereko zvinomera. Nemaziso nedambudziko kwavari muchero inogona nyore kutsunga. Saka, Kutarisirwa kunofanira kuendeswa miriwo nemichero zvinoshandiswa zvokudya, zvikurukuru nyati kukura. Pashure pezvose, utachiona zvakaipa zvipenyu zviduku zvinokonzera zvirwere ngozi. Utsanana, uyewo airing ari kwakavakirwa - ichi ndicho chakanakisisa dziviriro.

muura bacillus

Pathogenic Mabhakitiriya, dzinogarisana iyo - womunhu, vakawanda. Somuenzaniso, E. coli. Hazvina symbiotic utachiona, inotonhorera panobva rinoshandiswa mhuka inodziya-ropa rechiJudha chairo. Advantageously, asi E. coli ndiyo tsvimbo serin'i. Rinogara kunyanya yepazasi chikamu intestinal lumen. Zvisinei, E. coli anogona kuwanikwa asiwo zvigadzirwa mumvura. Uyezve, unogona kurarama kwenguva yakati ari zvakatipoteredza.

Kune mhando dzakawanda (utachiona) izvi kwemabhakitiriya kwemarudzi. The chikuru chikamu kwavo hakukuvadzi. Utachiona uhwu varipo mune chakaipa intestinal kasvisto zvose mhuka uye vanhu. Temperature 37 ° C ari optimum kwavari.

Imwe shanduro ane nayo kuti E. coli anopinda muviri kwemaawa 40 pashure pokunge aberekwa, uye anogara mairi muupenyu hwomunhu. Panobva chiitiko chacho pamuviri zvinogona mukaka waamai kana vanhu vaaisangana navo mwana. Maererano neimwe shanduro, utachiona iri achiri mudumbu inogarwa muviri.

E. coli chaanopomerwa zvavo zvezvakatipoteredza ezvinhu nokuti. Zvisinei, unogona kuva pathogenic kana mune mamwe nhengo dzomuviri wedu. Uyezve, ayo pathogenic utachiona vanogona kupinda kubva kunze. Somugumisiro, mumwe munhu akamboona siyana gastro-intestinal noutachiona.

streptococci

Izvi Mabhakitiriya kukonzera chirwere, vanoumba inenge hafu yedu microflora oropharynx. Asi pano havasi ngozi. Zvasara chikafu kana desquamated epithelium - rakaisvonaka inotonhorera anosvikirwa kuti streptococci. Vanewo rinowanikwa nemudumbu, nhengo dzokubereka nadzo, kufema turakiti. A dzakawanda zvipenyu izvi mupenyu ganda kwevanhu. Kutapata kunokutadzisa budiriro yavo.

Utachiona pasi zvinoitwa zvinhu zvinoverengeka zviri dzikwanise mikana pathogenic utachiona. Somugumisiro, vanovakonzera zvirwere zvikuru.

staphylococci

Kubva pakuzvarwa, munhu anotanga kuonana utachiona, izvo zviri kukonzerwa anonzi Staphylococcus aureus. Muviri upenyu unobereka simba kutapata kwairi. Pasi pokudzora zvinhu zvinoverengeka, mabhakitiriya aya dzikwanise pathogenic. Ivo kukanganisa ganda, uye varipo nebhari, pyoderma, abscesses, mamota uye carbuncles. Kupararira chirwere kunotungamirira folliculitis, cellulitis, phlegmon pamusoro nyoro munyama, abscesses, mastitis uye gidradenity.

Anonzi Staphylococcus aureus chinopinda mumuviri kuburikidza muropa. Kunoita mwoyo chirwere (endocarditis uye pericarditis), mapfupa (osteomyelitis), majoini (yemajoini kwemabhakitiriya), Urinary hurongwa, uropi, rezasi uye yokumusoro kufema turakiti. Anenge zvose munyama dzevanhu uye nhengo zvinogona kukanganisa staphylococcal chirwere. Types zvirwere zvakunokonzera, kune vanopfuura zana. Anonzi Staphylococcus enterotoxins, vasawira nemudumbu zvokudya, kutungamirira poizeni (chepfu).

Vana kusvika pagore, uye vakuru vane simba zvirwere zviri zvikuru kubatwa neutachiona. vakakurirwa kuratidzwa siyana. Ivo vanovimba panzvimbo sumo kupinda muviri anonzi Staphylococcus, ayo mwero sehasha, uyewo mamiriro murwere zvirwere.

tubercle bacillus

Murume yakanga yasvibiswa tubercle bacillus, vachirwara tibhii. In mapfupa, itsvo, mapapu, uye vamwe nhengo pane anorovera diki kuti pakupedzisira dziparare. Tiibhii - chirwere ngozi chaizvo, Zvinotambudza dzimwe nguva ane kwemakore.

Yersinia pestis

Yersinia pestis - zvakare utachiona kuti anokonzera chirwere. Chirwere inotungamirira chimiro chinotokurudzira zvikuru, uye zvikuru zvinopfuura zvirwere - denda. Dzimwe nguva, zviratidzo zvokutanga chirwere rufu rinopfuura maawa mashomanana. Munguva dzekare, ndichiiparadza matenda chirwere ichi ane njodzi yakaipisisa. Paiva zviitiko apo misha yose uye kunyange maguta pavaifa kwavari.

Somuenzaniso, muna 6th remakore, chirwere ichi hwapinda mukati East Central Europe. Hasha pano, dambudziko akauraya zviuru zvevanhu zuva mumaguta makuru. Uye mazuva ano ichingova chirwere ine ngozi. Dambudziko utachiona takura inda, zviri parasitic pamusoro makonzo, mbeva gophers.

Dzimwe nzvimbo ine utachiona hunokonzera zvirwere

Mabhakitiriya anogona vasarudze upenyu, kwete chete nzvimbo idzo zvataurwa pamusoro. Vamwe vavo zviripo ezvinhu sokuti kukodzera kuti upenyu. Izvi zvitubu inopisa, uye polar chando uye dilution mhepo, uye kumanikidza simba. Pakurwisa pathogenic bacteria akakodzera kwese. Pashure pezvose, munyika hapana nzvimbo yakadaro, apo vakanga vasingagoni kuonekwa.

Saka, takataura pamusoro pemhando utachiona hunokonzera zvirwere uye nekwavanogara. Chokwadi, nyaya ino rinorondedzera zvinokosha vamiririri vavo. Mhando pathogenic utachiona, sezvamunoziva, izhinji, saka kujairirana navo hunogara refu chaizvo nguva.