Chemical ehupfumi kuti alkenes (olefins)

Olefins - Mahydrocarbon iro Morekuru ane chisungo kaviri. Dzimwe nguva chipo yeimwe anonzi Mahydrocarbon ethylene dzakatevedzana. The chisungo kaviri iri Morekuru iri nyore chinozivikanwa spectral kuongorora.

ehupfumi zvokunyama alkenes

nhengo okutanga vatatu pakati homologous dzinotevedzana pakati alkenes - magasi. Kubva rechishanu kusvika navatanhatu - mvura, yakakwirira samolecular uremu alkenes - nezvishoma. With kunowedzera uye kuwedzera yeHydrocarbon cheni pakureba Kubika pfungwa zvinhu. Murabhoritari mamiriro, izvi zvinhu zvinogona kuwanikwa nenzira dzakawanda: kubudikidza dehydrogenation pamusoro alkenes kuburikidza cracking walnut petroleum, dehydrogenation pamusoro alcohols.

Cracking mafuta - maindasitiri nzira kubudisa unsaturated Mahydrocarbon. Somugumisiro, chafariz cracking walnut mafuta nenharo kusvika 750 madhigirii, ari alkane yeHydrocarbon marangwanda yavhunika;

S30N62 → S15N30 + S15N32

Dehydrogenation pamusoro alkanes. Izvi zviri kuitwa panguva tembiricha vanenge 600 inegumi. Under izvi ezvinhu, asi zvine yeHydrocarbon Morekuru kubudikidza H maatomu vari dzainamatira kuumba alkenes Somuenzaniso: → S5N12 S5N10 + H2.

Kupera mvura mumuviri kuti alcohols. Monohydric alcohols kuwadzana sulfate iine acid fomu alkenes Somuenzaniso: S4N9ON → C4H8 + H2O.

Chemical ehupfumi kuti alkenes chokuita kuvapo muna Morekuru dzavo miviri chisungo. The Erekitironi arambe achirema pakati maatomu, miviri chisungo wakakwirira kupfuura pakati C maatomu chokuita norudo kuroorwa. The chikuru mhando kuita, izvo zvinouya alkenes - accession, achiperekedzwa imwe Pi-yokumbozorora nokuda nokuumbwa mbiri itsva Sigma zvisungo. Olefins kupinda polymerization maitiro, rinova aine cleavage kuti miviri zvisungo.

Chemical ehupfumi pamusoro alkenes: kubatana halides

Olefins nyore vokutoruma rehydrogen halide Morekuru, saka achiumba monogalogenoproizvodnye (semuenzaniso S10N20 S10N21S1 → HC1 +). Kana kurerekera alkenes akaumba H2O zvine monohydric alcohols (S10N20 + H2O → S10N21ON).

kutsva alkenes

At dzakakwirira tembiricha pasi O2 olefins vari nyore oxidized (vakapisira) kuna C02 uye H20. Alkenes, kuwadzana potassium permanganate kuumba dihydric alcohols (glycols).

Chemical ehupfumi pamusoro alkenes: olefin polymerization

Nechipiriso Mahydrocarbon kuratidza katsika wakakura polymerization kuita. Kazhinji, asi polymer - ane refu cheni kudzokorora STRUCTURAL dzakabatana (monomers). Izvi zvinogona kupa nenzira dzakawanda, asi kazhinji kacho zviri nengetani, uye chokuita wakasununguka zvikuru, cationic kana anionic kwendangariro.

Chemical ehupfumi pamusoro alkenes: cationic polymerization

Izvi rworudzi kuita iri catalyzed ne acids. Purotoni anobatana olefin, pova carbocation. Zvadaro rokupedzisira mutariri pamusoro Pi-sitemu mumwe Morekuru uye nezvimiro alkene carbocation ane refu cheni, izvo anorwisa zvinotevera olefin Morekuru, etc. Somugumisiro, mashoko ejection hwepurotoni kana mumwe muitiro, ari "richipedza" mutariri carbocation, imwe remudunhu rakashama kunoitika. Kana anionic polymerization ruzivo anion chakaumbwa nucleophilic kurwisa anion X- olefin. Kana kurerekera hwepurotoni cheni hwatsvuka. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti wakasununguka zvikuru polymerize vakawanda unsaturated Mahydrocarbon. Izvi zvinogona kupa H202, makemikari peroxides, hydroperoxides, etc. Open redunhu kunoitika nokuda recombination pamusoro radicals. Mune zvimwe zvinoitika, nokuti alkene Polymers vaishandisa copolymerization kuita. Munyaya copolymerization, mumwe polymer dzine zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, rakatumbuka ari macromolecule mune imwe nzira. The Zvakaitwa chigadzirwa manzwirwa copolymer. Physical uye zvemaziso zvivako zviri aripo yeimwe takatsunga zvikurukuru sezvakarayirwa alternation pakati zvokutanga dzakabatana, uye mhando uye chitsama monomers dziri polymer cheni.