Malbork Castle, Poland: tsananguro, nhoroondo, zvinokwezva uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

KuPoland, ndicho chikamu chikuru nhare muEurope, yakavakwa muna Gothic manyorerwo. It riri muguta iroro zita uye zvakasiyana akapfuma munhoroondo kare. Iye aimbova guta rekare Teutonic Order. Izvi zvinoshamisa anoyevedza Malbork Castle anonzi, zviri akanyorwa muna UNESCO pasi.

In chokwadi zita iri yamambo huru: Malbork kana neguta reMarienburg? In Poland uye Germany ndiyo? Chii chinogona kuonekwa mariri uye nemakapoteredza? Nyaya Inorondedzera guta wayo chikuru zvinokwezva.

Brief zvenhoroondo mashoko

Malbork midzi mumwe shanduro zita, German - neguta reMarienburg kubva Castle rekare sehofisi guru German (Teutonic) Order.

Malbork - Castle, vane nhoroondo yakatanga mazana manomwe apfuura, apo Prince Konrad Mazovetsky muPoland akateterera kuna Knights rubatsiro Teutons. Ravaifanira kudzivirira kubva vachirwisa yechihedheni madzinza Prussian nyika Polish uye kumanikidza muvengi kubhabhatidzwa. Pope akakomborera wakapiwa veRoma kuti kushingirira pamusoro Prussia, maererano zvaakanga chirevo ( "Golden Bull") kuti rinopa rusununguko chiito kuBaltic Knights.

Kunyange munyika kuti akakunda Teutons, vakayambuka kutarisirwa choumambo raPapa, ivo Knights akanzwa pachavo munzvimbo idzi zvizere varidzi. Vakatora kudzora zvose kuBaltic pamhenderekedzo, vakagara pamusoro yakakunda nendima, uye noutsinye woutsinye kuratidzwa zvose chouhedheni. Somugumisiro, vanhu vane nhoroondo refu (Prussia) rakaparadzwa anenge zvachose. Mune yakakunda nyika wePolish Knights akavakwa hwavo pamuganhu nhare.

Teutonic Knights muna 1274 uye akateya nheyo zvinorondedzerwa zvechizarira. Zvino akanzi neguta reMarienburg pashure neMhandara Maria. In makore mashomanana ari mujinga kumahombekombe erwizi Nogat vakawedzera 4-storey chivako vakawanda yemauto akaronga kuti Knights, uye muna 1280 nayo vakagara knight gungano.

Tisati tsanangura muudzame Malbork Castle, muchidimbu akapa guta iro pane ichi kunoshamisa munhoroondo chinhu.

guta Malbork

Chinhu chiduku yekare taundi riri kuchamhembe kwePoland, ari Delta. MuWisła. Riri 130? Km kubva muguta Torun uye 70? Km kubva muguta Flughafen, pedyo nomuganhu pamwe Kaliningrad nharaunda. zita rayo German - neguta reMarienburg. Malbork anozivikanwa zvikurukuru nokuda akakurumbira munhau Castle neguta reMarienburg.

Pasinei guta racho provincialism uye iduku saizi, izvozvo chinokwezva nemijenya revashanyi pano nokuda kwayo emakore-kare akapfuma munhoroondo uye rakasiyana tsiye chivalry. Guta pacharo achitapira uye anoyevedza. Apo unogona kumira nokuda usiku, uye akarurama anodonha ari kuti zuva kufamba nhare uye kuona Malbork yemauto riri panenge pakati peguta. Pedyo Castle pane chakanaka akabhadhara yokupakira, riri pedyo tikiti hofisi apo unogona kutenga matikiti nhare.

Fort Museum

Mumakore 1454-1466 pakati Teutonic Knights uye Poles dzakarwiwa refu hondo-gore gumi. It wakunda wokuPoland, unoponesa vamwe vavo vaibatwa ambotaurwa, nyika, nokudaro kuwana kuGungwa reBaltic. Neguta reMarienburg Castle muna 1457 akatengeswa kuti Casimir IV Jagiellon (Polish madzimambo) ndarama (665 kg), uye kubva ipapo chaimbova kwokubatsira namambo.

Vaiuya 1772 kuti simba Prussians mudzoke wenhare kuva uto yokuchengetera. Nhare raiva zvakaipisisa wakakanganiswa 1945 (kupfuura zvose zvapfuura emakore 7). Mushure Second World War, wose mamiriro rakavakwazve. Today Malbork Castle wokuPoland ari simba chidhinha masvingo ane gabled shongwe zvinoratidzwa mvura Nogat River.

Panhare kwakavakirwa ari miziyamu, inova akapfuma muunganidzwa dzokurwa, zvombo uye zvishongo akaita rinopenya. Kazhinji panhare dzinorongwa raanoziva nhumbi, Concerts uye zvinofadza chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo zvesimba, dramatized kubatwa Malbork.

tsananguro

Malbork - yemauto inova kupfuura zvidhina chivakwa akasika nemaoko evanhu. It anopindura imwe nharaunda dzinenge 21 hectares. Shongwe yakagadzirirwa uye akavaka chaizvo mano kuti zvivanakire mabukira munhu firearm.

kunzwisisa ichi anonzi kupfuura zvinofadza uye dzakakurumbira nzvimbo muguta kuti vashanyi. The yakasiyana ukuru hwake chinobata zvachose wose. Malbork hombe kunzwisisa inoumbwa 3 nhare: Middle, Membros. Chinonyanya dzakakurumbira ndiye Upper Castle, ndiyo wemamongi uko mamongi Knights kurarama. Zvakapoteredzwa kuzvidzivirira masvingo kumativi ose, Castle iri pamahombekombe erwizi. Nechepedyo ndokuchera inoerera zvakadzika.

Interesting zvinhu munharaunda ndivo chapero pakati St .. Anna (kuvigwa vari vatenzi makuru) uye Chechi St .. Mariya. Average Malbork Castle yakavakwa pamusoro nzvimbo yaimbova Yakakwirira Court. Rakanga kamwe enyika uye muzinda Teutonic Knights, uko Knights vakaungana kubva zvose Nyika Europe. Nhasi, pane makamuri mamaneja uye namachinda Poland.

Zvinonzi zvakare achirova nokuda kwayo rakasiyana runako guru refectory, wayo kwazvo openwork mapurani, rine yokufeva hwakavigwa mumakamuri. Panewo chipatara vakwegura uye vanorwara mamongi-Knights. Lower Castle (kana predzamok) rinotarisirwa kureva mhuri zvinodiwa.

In yakakurumbira Armory akaratidza ngoro zvechiuto uye pfuti. Uyewo panhare ane Kudzingwa pachivanze, smithy, nevabiki uye stables.

Exhibits upenyu vanhu kare

Akapfuma dzakawanda chaizvo dzinonakidza Exhibits Malbork Castle. Vashanyi kuuya pano parwendo, anogona kuongorora zvivako pachavo uye nhare, uye maberere ine kuziva muunganidzwa. Kazhinji, zvose mukuru weboka runobudirira anotora maawa mana nguva. Vashanyi tinyatsoziva vapfumi nhoroondo Malbork Castle.

Pano unogona kuzvionera sei kuti panguva iyoyo yekare mari. Vashanyi vachaona murume mediaeval zvipfeko nekusimbisa, nebefu mari pameso avo. Pano unogona kutenga mari shoma zvipo zvinoshamisa - mumasaga akazara mari.

Amazing inoshamisa chiseko uye dzimba (makamuri) pakati vatenzi makuru: cannonball midzi parusvingo, akanga yakadzikiswa kuimba yemauto munguva kurwa (panguva iyoyo vagere kanzuru hondo). Most dzinonakidza ndechokuti, kana tsanga apinda mbiru (munhu akabata zvechizarira), migumisiro zvaizova nengozi. Asingakanganwiki pfungwa uye anoshamisa chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo zvesimba: "Moto Bakatwa", "Chiedza uye kuridza", "Deposition pamusoro Malbork". Chinonyanya kushamisa ndiyo ichangoburwa.

Sei kuti miziyamu?

The Museum "Malbork" muPoland zviri nyore kusvika. Pachiteshi weguta Malbork kuenda naye maminitsi 15. Panguva iyoyo chero kiosk mumugwagwa, unogona kutora akasununguka kabhuku ose anodiwa vashanyire ruzivo uye unogona kutenga batsira-mutauro mutungamiriri Malbork, izvo zvichakubatsira kufamba yemauto oga, pasina munhu guide. Vazhinji kushandisa mukana uyu nokuti kuti, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, chiyereso boka karwendo rinovapo anenge 4 h.

Tickets vanotengeswa pamusuo kuti miziyamu zvakaoma. Chero nzvimbo inogona kusvika Malbork Castle (Poland). The tikiti mutengo anenge 10 euros. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pane anokosha matikiti mhuri, mutengo shoma zvikuru pane kana kutorwa yoga pamusoro neimwe nhengo dzayo.

Castle yakazarukira vashanyi gore rose kubva October 1 kusvika April 30, kubvira 9 am kusvika maawa 15, kubva May 1 kusvika September 30 yakazaruka kubva 9 am kusvika 17 pm. Tour nguva dzimwe nguva anochinja. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kuratidzira muchiRussia haina kuitwa.

dzinonakidza chokwadi

Curious chokwadi chokuti Teutons zvakafanana nokuti kuti vaiva vaparidzi kunamatwa wemhandara Mariya, chengetai azvaitwa mhiko hwokuteerera, dzakachena, kunyange dzimwe nguva vaidzivisa inorambidza izvi.

Kamwe Castle aifanira kushanda mukicheni kubika, uye ipapo Knights akakumbira mvumo kuna Pope. Izvi zvaizoitawo, akapa mvumo, asi pamwe ezvinhu kuti nhare achatora mumwe mukadzi nemakore 60. VokuGermany, pamusoro kufungisisa, vakaripira nevabiki 3, rimwe nerimwe raiva chete chete makore 20..

Malbork - Castle mweya

ngano zhinji chokuita zvechizarira. Zvinonzi vaidavira kuti mweya womukadzi anogara wemamongi. Kukurukurirana, ndiwo mweya wePolish muchindakadzi. Aida kuponesa murume wake, nhapwa Knights. Wakapfeka mbatya nemasisita, iye vakabudirira akapinda munhare, asi mukadzi richizvitenda nokukurumidza pachena uye akaranga wayo immured pamadziro.

Kubvira ipapo, wake chinopunyairireiko chipoko achitsauka dzimba wenhare kunotsvaka mudiwa. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti munhu anoona ghostly muchindakadzi anogona kufara rudo. Hazvidikanwi hazvo kuti kutya.

mhedziso

Kunyange zvakaoma, achitarisa nharaunda ino wenhare hombe, kuti kufungidzira, asi vaimbova rakatokura. History asina kurega Malbork, nekuti kukura ayo kuderedzwa anenge kaviri.