Hypersonic "Subject 4202" uye ayo bvunzo

"Anoitirwa 4202" - chiratidzo Russian chirongwa chitsva mumunda ano remauto hypersonic ndege motokari (LA). Maererano chiremera dzakawanda Analytical nzvimbo, ayo kubudirira Implementation anogona neutralize zvazvakanakira mumunda nzira dzinokosha zvombo, iyo US kuda kuwana pamusoro Russia sezvo pamusana nekutumirwa kwemauto ane yose chombo kudzivirira hurongwa.

Sezvo Classified nokuda ndege kutiza nokukurumidza

LA ayo kumhanya unhu rakakamurwa subsonic, supersonic uye hypersonic. Panyaya iyi, nokumhanya kwavo kutiza kazhinji akaratidza sezvo dimensionless zvakawanda, vakawanda t. Inonzi. Mach nhamba, akadana mushure yeAustria yefizikisi Ernsta Maha uye runotaurwa netsamba M. Latin Mach nhamba iri dimensionless uye itsanangudzo rinogona kurondedzerwa se nhamba ndege velocity kuti kumhanya inzwi iri mumhepo pane imwe kukwira. Naizvozvo, nokumhanya ndege muna 1 M (kana M = 1) zvinoreva kuti chinofamba pamwe kumhanya inzwi. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti pakakwirira inzwi velocity zvinoderedza, saka kukosha 1 M panguva dzakakwirira siyana kuchaita anoenderana akasiyana tsika, runoratidzwa km / h. Saka, pasi nokukurumidza mutengo anoenderana M 1 1 224 km / h uye panguva imwe kukwira pamusoro 11 km - 1,062 km / h.

Supersonic ndege velocity anogona haapfuuri kukosha 5 M (kana M = 5), uye hypersonic nhunzi panguva aimhanya chete pamusoro 5 M. Zvisinei, vanogona kuita kushandisa yomuka panguva kutiza mumhepo aerodynamic simba, uye urongwa kure, yakakura zvikuru kupfuura dogiperzvukovyh aimhanya.

Physical voga garo hypersonic ndege

Border M 5 pakati supersonic uye hypersonic ndege havasi vakasanangurwa netsaona. Chokwadi chokuti kana kusvika nokukurumidza ichi Kuchinja yekudyidzana kuti hunhu aerodynamic uye simba pezvakaitwa azvaitwa pedyo ndege muviri uye mukati wayo ndege injini. Chekutanga, muganhu rukoko mhepo inoyerera vakakomba ndege, pane imwe kumhanya 5 M kudziyirwa kusvika zviuru zvakawanda madhigirii tembiricha (kunyanya kune frontal chikamu ndege), uye kutanga dziparare kupinda ions (dissociated) gasi mamorekuru zvaisanganisira mudenga. Physico-mushonga ehupfumi ichi ionized gasi akasiyana yekudyidzana neemazuva dzose dzedenga, kunoita kuti kupinda namakemikari maitiro pamwe pemvura ndege, pane zvikuru nemwaranzi uye convection nekupisa kuchinjirwa pakati payo uye ruchiyerera kumativi kuerera. Naizvozvo, LA kupisa nhoo kuva kupfuura American "Space Shuttle" kana kuti Soviet "Buran".

Uyezve, hypersonic ndege ndege injini vanoda inokosha chaizvo magadzirirwo kuti haruzvitsvakiri kufanana chero anozivikanwa mhando. Chokwadi kuti mune zvimwe injini ndege supersonic ndege velocity aibuda yaunodya mhepo kubva mumhepo panguva paumbwe mhepo-huni muvhenganiswa iri vanotozvikuvadza airarama subsonic (zvimwe zvisingaiti kubata mhepo kupinda kutsvakwa uwandu huni). The hypersonic ndege ndiyo rutapudzo mhepo kuyerera exchange nezvisingabvumwi - nokuda simba kutendeuka mutemo chikonzero overheating pamusoro injini kugadzirwa okunze, zvisingagone kukurira chero anozivikanwa zvinhu.

patani Features

Engine hypersonic ndege (ari nyore musimboti) rakafanana maviri articulated funnels, mumwe izvo kunoshanda mhepo Inlet (rakamanikana chikamu rudzi compressor, pamwe chete injector peturu uye ndipiyona combustion kamuri), uye fanera rechipiri - a kamwene kuti mbudo yezvipiriso magasi, nokusika zvishuvo. Injini Izvi zvinogona kuiswa chete pasi fuselage pamusoro ndege, iyo pave mumwe mufananidzo hypersonic motokari.

Zvisinei, yakadaro injini haagoni kushanda pane aimhanya asingasviki 5-6 M, sezvo compressed rukova ari nyore kudziyirwa kusvika tembiricha zvakakodzera kuti combustion zvakakwana. Saka, vakawanda musoro nzira yokubudisa hypersonic ndege kune aida kumhanya injini kutanga (kanenge panguva ino Danho) ndiko kushandisa akisarareta-kupatsanurwa chitundumuseremusere sezvo wokutanga pachikuva, dzimwe nguva akabatana ane akisarareta ndege. Pamufananidzo pasi apa hypersonic ndege American X-52, wakaiswa pasi bapiro inokosha bhomba B-52.

State of unyanzvi hypersonic ndege iri US

The US kare vakatanga kuva mhando itsva tsamwisa zvombo. Chokutanga, ichi ndege hypersonic. Saka, sezvo chikamu DARPA Falcon Project Project yakatanga chitundumuseremusere giraidha yakasarudzwa HTV-2, uyewo zvaMambo hypersonic motokari vesangano Boeing (X-43, ari X-51) kurwa ane ramjet injini yakaita mumwe mufananidzo pamusoro. Ivo vanokwanisa vakatakura warheads yairema kusvika makirogiramu 450, izvo zvinogona zvose zvenyukireya warheads uye mabhomba vhoriyamu kuputika yakabatana simba anogona kuparadza kudzivirirwa KP muvengi.

Boeing X-51 chirongwa achava vaikwanisa aimhanya anosvika 6400 km / h. Kokutanga chikwata ichi rwakasimudzwa mumhepo iri May 2010. Paiva vaviri kundikana kutanga, akagumisa kuparadzwa giraidha. Mushure kuparadzana mutakuri ndege mudziyo Inowedzera mamwe booster, akaita maererano nemauto uye tactical zvombo. Chete pamusoro kusvika kumhanya 5400 km / h kushandisa unhinhi injini yacho ndege, iyo Inowedzera kuti rwendo velocity.

Zvatinoverenga vakarasikirwa Soviet hypersonic kuitika

Chokwadi, Russia aifanira yokudzivisa nayo ngozi iyi. Nhasi yakakodzera kukura Soviet vakauya mupfungwa. Mune 80s remakore rapfuura takava mazhinji kuitika munzvimbo iyi uye kunyange rakapedzwa chigadzirwa - mumwe chitundumuseremusere ndege X-90 chirongwa "Gala". Maererano nenyanzvi, mashoko X-90 akanga vakabudirira tabva imwe ndege zvikuru chinangwa chinangwa ichi, uye nokukurumidza kuna 5400 km / h, unova muganhu hypersonic. Asi ipapo kwakauya "akakomborerwa liberals 90", uye basa rakanga rarambidzwa.

Russia apindura "Washington"

Munguva ichangopfuura, akakurumbira British muchiuto tsvakurudzo centre Janes Information Group rakabudiswa mashoko kuti muna February gore rapera muna Russia pa nzvimbo "Dombarovsky" (Orenburg munharaunda.) Inoitwa kutiza miedzo munhu hypersonic ndege pasi chiratidzo U-71 (Yu-71). The chinhu 4202, izvo, aaisitaura centre, chiratidzo zvose Russian hypersonic kukura generalized rutivi chirongwa chedu chombo chinoita zvokukandwa.

Asi ake mirairo pamutemo muna indasitiri havasi weDhipatimendi War, uye Federal Space Agency, izvo pasi ano ezvinhu haisi kupfuura "pabutiro" Basa iri. Head OCD chete muiti pamusoro "Vanoramba 4202" ndiyo "NPO Engineering" kubva Moscow Reutova (yaimbonzi chitundumuseremusere KB mugadziri mukuru Vladimir Chelomeya, waiva mukuru yokuvaka rwendo zvombo uye svikiro zvenguva ballistic zvombo ari USSR).

Nenzira, nzvimbo iyi kambani rine ruzivo kuti mukupera 50-ies wekupedzisira remakore ari KB akasikwa LA MP-1, anokwanisa kuita mumhepo achibatsirwa aerodynamic kuzvidzora hukawanika pamwe hypersonic aimhanya. Kunobudirira kushanda zvakanzi kuitwa 1961! Naizvozvo dingindira "chinhu 4202" kwakabvira kare.

Tarisiro nokuti Russian "hypersonic"

Kubva nhamba anopa zvinozivikanwa kuti kubva pakutanga 2000s, Russia atanga basa iri "hypersonic rechiuto" uye ari kuenda U-71 kugadza chigadzirwa kune waunotarisira ballistic chombo "Sarmat". The itsva Russian supersonic chinhu 4202 anogona mhanyisa kuti nokukurumidza 11.000 km / h uye anogona kutakura kwakajairika kana renyukireya warhead. Kana midziyo angafambisa munhu velocities akadaro hombe, apo ari mumhepo akasvibira padaro rinenge 40 kusvika 50 km. Naizvozvo, hazvigoni intercepted neipi ichangoburwa chombo kudzivirira enyika.

Kunyange zvazvo warheads ano intercontinental ballistic zvombo uye tisvike hypersonic aimhanya ari kutiza, asi trajectory kuti goho kukarukureta, uye nokudaro mukana kuvhura chombo kudzivirira zvivako. The chigadzirwa ndiro U-71 (chinhu 4202) anogona, kusiyana, kunzwisisa rinoshamisa riri nezvimwewo nzira, kuchinja uye kukwirira zvokuti kutonetsa kunomisa.

Muchiitiko chino, pane chikonzero kufunga kuti wokutanga bvunzo chinhu 4202 akapfuura muna 2004. Yakanga mutevedzeri mukuru General Staff yeRussian Armed Forces Yuri Baluyevsky yakashuma venhau pamusoro hypersonic ndege bvunzo, achifambisa pamusoro kosi uye kukwira.

"Anoitirwa 4202": nemahombekombe America muna hypersonic

The American wokudhinda yave vakaita Russian ndiedze hypersonic giraidha. mapepanhau akawanda akataura pachena pamusoro chokwadi kuti US nzira yose Kukurumidza Global Rova zvino ane chakakomba mukwikwidzi. Kana basa racho "Property 4202" mashandiro achange zvapedza mumakore 10 Russia achawana zvakakomba "kwehwamanda kadhi" mu kwakadzama pamwe US. Chokwadi ndechokuti pamberi hypersonic ndege kuchaitwa kuti varove chero kupfura muUnited States chete chombo chinoita zvokukandwa. Somuenzaniso, ndiye "SARMAT", izvo zvichaita kuti iiswe ndege, yakagadzirirwa ne "Vanoramba 4202". Hypersound muchitiza nokukurumidza achifambisa nezvaanogona ndinoiitawo mutsva mhando ndege - ndivo unhu chombo itsva iyi, izvo zvingaita kuti tsvina maturo huru mari US kuvaka chombo kudzivirira enyika.