Acrylic acid. Chemical ehupfumi. kunyoresa

Acrylic asidhi - mumwe nyore vamiririri unsaturated monobasic carboxylic acids. fomura wayo sezvinotevera: CH2 = CH-COOH. Zviri Hauoneki mvura ane jeko uye kusingafadzi kwakanaka. Soluble nemvura chloroform, diethyl doro uye panyaya iyi, kufamba mberi polymerized kuumbika polyacrylic acid. Mugore acrylic asidhi ane mamwe mazita: etenkarbonovaya asidhi uye propenoic acid.

Sei (kana synthesize) acrylic asidhi?

1. Parizvino, acrylic asidhi iri zvinoberekwa nemhute danho oxidation kuti propylene pamwe okisijeni (O2) kuti molybdenum, bismuth kana cobalt catalysts. Muenzaniso zvinotevera maitiro:

CH2 = CH-CH3 (propylene) + O2 (okisijeni) = CH2 = CH-COOH (acrylic acid)

2. Kare, yave kushandiswa maitiro umo carbon monoxide iri vakaita II (CO), acetylene (SN≡SN) uye mvura (H2O). Makemikari zvakaitwa vachatitaka panguva imwecheteyo ndiyo sezvinotevera:

SN≡SN (acetylene) + CO (carbon monoxide II) + H2O (mvura) → CH2 = CH-COOH (acrylic acid).

Chimwe kushandiswa formaldehyde vakaita pamwe ketene:

CH2 = C = O (ketene) + H2C = O (formaldehyde) → CH2 = CH-COOH (propenoic acid).

3. Zvino Rohm uye Haas anosika anokosha iine acid usage Michina etenkarbonovoy kubva propane.

Chemical ehupfumi kuti acrylic asidhi

Kukurukurwa isu asidhi vanogona kuumba munyu, esters, anhydrides, amides, asidhi chlorides, uye dzimwe yeimwe. Uyewo unogona kupinda Kuwedzera maitiro, vane unhu ethylene carbons. Water zvakakodzera, protonic acids uye NH3 kunoitika kwete ari Markovnikov mutemo. In ichi kuumba kuchiiswa nomukaka dzaro. Acrylic asidhi rinobatanidzwa diene usage. Also yaiitwa yakapfupikiswa pamwe siyana aryl diazonium munyu. Kana ultraviolet irradiation, anoumba rimwe polyacrylic acid.

Kushandiswa acrylic kiloty

- senzira mbishi mashoko anogadzira zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana polymer zvigadzirwa nedzimwe zvemakemikari uye panyama zvivako (semuenzaniso, mapurasitiki uye coatings);

- rinoshandiswa pagadzirwe aqueous nookuparadzirwa ose acrylic pendi; makavigwa nzvimbo kushanda kuti pendi vakadaro kuvimba makemikari ehupfumi of copolymer - chokupedzisira mufananidzo motokari uye sirin'i kuti kupendwa;

- acrylic asidhi nezvinogadzirwa nomukaka zvinoshandiswa kusika impregnation ganda uye nyama kune emulsions mu pendi, somunhu mbishi mashoko acrylic rubbers uye acrylic fibers, kuvakwa adhesives, uye wemisanganiswa dzaro; metaakrilovoy esters uye acrylic asidhi (vainyanyoshandisa ethers, methyl methacrylate uye methyl acrylate) rakashandiswa pagadzirwe Polymers;

- zvikamu acrylic asidhi rinoshandiswa pakusikwa superabsorbents.

chengetedzo zvakakodzera acrylic asidhi

Kana yokuchengeta fuma kuti vadzivise polymerization inhibitor inowedzerwa - hydroquinone. Asati kushandisa asidhi inofanira Anoshanduka nokungwarira, sezvo zvichiita kukura nokunganduma kune simba polymerization.

Safety kushandiswa

Kana kushanda acrylic asidhi inofanira kufunga kuti nefuma kunovhiringidza kuti ganda uye mucous membranes. Pachikumbaridzo irritant asidhi ndiyo 0,04 MG / fő. Mushure neVadzidzi mucous Kamudzira yeziso, sezvinoita mutemo, rinoita zvakakomba corneal kutsva, unogona kutungamirira kusingarapiki kuchinja (kukuvadza, kwete rinorapika). Inhalation acrylic asidhi vapor angaita nemusoro, nokushatiriswa ari kufema turakiti, uye kunyanyisa mishonga - kukura pulmonary edema. Munzvimbo basa rinoitwa ne acrylic acid, kunoda kuramba kudzora dzedenga. MPC asidhi iyi 5 MG / metr³. Security matanho anofanira kuchengetwa kana tichishanda nevamwe nomukaka. Sezvo muenzaniso acrylonitrile.