Doctype HTML - chii? Zvaunofanira kuziva pamusoro chinhu

Pasinei vamwe vanonamata, kufambira mberi anoramba kutanga kuti usingagoni kumiswa. Zvisinei, apo vamwe dzinoronga kuramba tichishanda kuenda kubindu kumwedzi, vamwe vari chaizvoizvo achinyatsotaurira kunyonganiswa, nokuti zvinova zvakaoma kufambirana kuchinja. Muenzaniso wakadaro "hove-up" ndivo vamiririri ounyanzvi hwokugadzira chokuita kumusoro rwokugadzira.

Kunyange zvazvo vakawanda padandemutande vagadziri, programmers uye coders vari nani unoenderana mweya nguva, pane chero "Nura Baba", iro anogamuchira mashoko kubva vhiki mushakabvu, asi achine yakawanda kururama, chokwadi ndechokuti siyanei. Dzinoenderana padanho mberi kwakaoma pasango michina mitsva. Funga muenzaniso nyore: kunyange makore 5-10 akapfuura, mumwe yokuvaka mitambo paIndaneti musi Adobe Flash aigona kuzadzisa chaihwo kubudirira, vakawanda "Happy Farmer" vane uchapupu kuti. Zvisinei, nhasi michina iyi zvishoma nezvishoma kufa kunze, achipa nzira kupfuura ano, asi isingasviki vazhinji pakudzidza zvinokosha HTML5. Nenzira, ndiko HTML5, uye mumwe "vatambi" nyaya yanhasi wakayeriswa mevhiki HTML-DTP.

Doctype HTML - chii?

Izvi shongwe vakaurayiwa yepamusorosoro mberi zvemichina. Achipinda 90-s, izvo Munokudzwa kwete chete "rwisana" mamiriro ezvinhu munyika yedu, asi zvikuru hondo chaiyo pakati browsers, vakauya munyika chete zvinogadzirwa shoma kuti kubvumira vanoshandisa makombiyuta kuti Surf World Wide Web. Pane chimwe chete dambudziko - mukurumbira apo Netscape Navigator uye Internet Explorer vakatarira peji imwe neimwe zvachose, ukuwo, uye creators kwenzvimbo kuumba munhu mapeji yakasiyana zvachose zvirongwa izvi.

Standards? Mumakore iwayo, kutaura nezvazvo aiva musoro - W3C chakavapo kuchangotanga, uye pave yenyu kureva Microsoft kazhinji kuzivikanwa kuti vaifarira kugadzira yavo, hahuenderani chinhu bikes. Kunyange zvakadaro, pakazopera kuti zvinotyisa (nokuti Web Developers) gumi, zvinhu vakadzokera zvakajairika pashure zvose: paiva nevamwe akatodzana mitemo kuti kana kwete zvakazara, asi vachiri rairemekedzwa zvose dzakakurumbira browsers.

Zvisinei, mamiriro ezvinhu akava vakadaro kuti zvinodiwa rakapiwa uye Browser vagadziri vakanga, kuti akariisa zvinyoronyoro, kwete zvachose zvakafanana. Unogona nyore kuumba zvachose akarurama panyaya HTML, CSS uye Dom peji yacho, asi imi nzvimbo Browser vakaramba akaratidza kwete zvauri kutarisirwa kuona.

Kunyange zvakadaro, nokufamba kwenguva, Developers tichiri pakupedzisira akasarudza kufunga kwete chete pamusoro makwikwi, asi inenge webmaster, uye azviratidza - Doctype HTML. Ichi chipepa chinokosha kuti anoudza Browser sei zvinofanira kufungwa imwe peji.

Chii chinodiwa kuti Doctype HTML-yekubvuma?

Kusati kwatombova zvakakwana zvinodiwa, iro rakatanga kutevera kwese, Developers mazhinji browsers vakaedza kudhonza jira pamusoro pachake, ndinosika nzira yokutaura ravo kune imwe rwokugadzira. Somugumisiro, mumwe uye peji chete anotarisa akasiyana browsers nenzira dzakasiyana. Zvisinei, ichi tave kuudzwa, havana kutaura kuti kana Vanoburitsa zvirongwa Web Surfing pavaiuya, paiva neimwe, hapana dambudziko shoma varaidza.

Fungidzira mamiriro ezvinhu: iwe - chaiwo Web yokuvaka mukupera 90s. It kuitira zvakaitika kuti vakawanda nguva yaunopedzera ari mubrowser Internet Explorer 4. Microsoft anosarudza pakarepo vapengenuke uye kuti browser itsva zvakawanda "zvakarurama" apo hazvisi pachena sezvazvakaita ikozvino pakusika nzvimbo uye chii chokuita nevaya vane kare akasika. Chokwadi, kana uine nguva yakakwana, unogona nyorazve ayo HTML-bumbiro nenzira kuti anoenderana nemitemo itsva, asi nokuti vanhu - simbe zvisikwa.

Panguva ino nguva Doctype HTML ndiyo zvakakodzera "kuvamba." Zvichienderana hworudzii gwaro riri raanotaura pakutanga peji, iyo Browser achasarudza zvikuru zvakakodzera ichi kana mashandiro kudzorera. Kana Doctype ari HTML-code isipo, kuti Browser vachaenda kugarisana muoti (kazhinji, asi hazvo). Somugumisiro, mumwe chete Internet Explorer 6 (kunyange kana faira iye zororo murugare) pasina Doctype Tag haazvibati sokunge uri kushanda kwayo rechina Bhaibheri.

mhando Doctype

Doctype Tag zvinosanganisira mhuka dzakawanda kuti unogona kukamurwa zvimwe mhando. Chekutanga, rinotsanangura mhando chikuru markup mutauro: HTML 4,01, HTML 5, XHTML 1.0 kana XHTML 1,1. Chechipiri, neimwe mitauro iyi ine subsections ayo, achinongedzera "coefficient kuti mhosva-kuwana" t. E. At sei oma kuva HTML-romutemo isingachinji W3C mitemo. Zvisinei, kana yechipiri, pane kunze maviri - HTML5 uye XHTML 1,1 hazvina subspecies uye tiri chete chimiro chimwe Doctype HTML. Asi zvakawanda pamusoro paikoko ...

Zvakaoma kusvika: Doctype Strict

Kana uchida kuti kusika HTML-remitemo akaenzana tsamba neimwe romutemo validator, mamwe chikurudziro (asiri udyire) Zvaizova kushandisa Doctype Strict. Kana aunoda kushandisa zvikuru yepamusoro XHTML 1.0, mutsetse, iyo ichatanga nechimwe chine maatomu akafanana anofanira kutarira seizvi:

Kusarudza Doctype HTML Public kuomesa template chendangariro kuti chero yakatsauka kubva mureza kuchaita muonekwe ari Browser, uye akabva ashandisa isiri chipepa iri kuteerera. Zvikurukuru, enderana rudzi, chero chipepa, kana iri chimiro, mufananidzo kana zvimwe chinhu kunodiwa kuti riri mukati misa tags. Kana ukasarudza kuita pasina izvozvo, Browser nyore haangavi kuratidza chinhu ichi, uye kukanganisa mazita marongerwo kwakazadziswa vaviri zvinyorwa.

Uyezve, vakawanda Tags kuti kubvumira kuti Format mashoko, zviri zvakare chinodiwa kubvisa - the wakaoma hurumende zvinoreva kushandisa CSS.

Kuda kusvika: Doctype Transitional

Kana kwazvo nzira yakaoma template hazvirevi kukunakira kana iwe kungoti vakajaira kundorwa mitemo, pane nguva dzose mukana kushandisa zvikuru humán mhando Doctype HTML Public. W3C Vaitarisira vaya vasingadi kusiya tsika uye achida kushanda pasi ezvinhu munyoro, kutanga Transitional muenzaniso anomirira Transitional ainoita zvinoedza chivimbo chakasimba. template Izvi zvinoita kuti vakasununguka kutendera pachako zvimwe norusununguko, dzakadai Strict hakubvumidzwi, template Tags, uyewo dzimwe nzira dzakawanda kuti marongerwo, iyo isina akarasika kushanda kubva mukupera 90s.

«Soft» Doctype HTML 4 haanzi sezvinotevera:

For XHTML tambo zvakare inoratidza siyanei, asi zvinonyatsorehwa muitiro kuramba:

To musi, pasinei nokuti mumwe coder anotsvaka rwazvo rwakatarisana Strict-template, ndiko Transitional Doctype ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa. Kunyange zvakadaro, template uyu ane chimwe chikwereti muganhu: validator vachava "varambe" chero mapeji ane mapuranga. Kana uchida kushandisa ichi nzira marongerwo, unofanira kuteerera rakatevera - wokupedzisira template.

Kubva mukuru kune chaidzo: Doctype Frameset

Approach apo vachiongorora mapeji kuti zvaidiwa Frameset template iri kazhinji akafanana ari Transitional Zvisinei, kuwedzera kune "madiro" pamusoro apa, template ichi kunoita kuti kushandisa mapuranga. Other kusiyana Frameset asina, saka, anogona chete kuchinjwa achazviunzira zviziviso, nokuti HTML 4,01 uye XHTML 1.0:

Cutting-Edge

Chokwadi, kureva kutanga ino vose kukura vakawanda HTML5 mureza, taisagona kuteerera mutauro markup. Zviri shamisa kuti W3C anoona inokosha HTML shanduro, saka ndiyo Doctype HTML 5 anotarisa zvikuru aizvininipisa. Nemamwe mashoko, kwakadai tsanangudzo ndechokuti Browser anofanira kushanda ne "vakachena» HTML, uye chii nhasi kuonekwa HTML5, apo yaizivikanwa vazhinji wechina shanduro kuonekwa dzinogona usingachashandi.

Other mhando Doctype

To musi, pane akasiyana siyana Doctype mapatani, zvizhinji izvo unouya XHTML. Nepo shanduro mutauro markup yechipiri haina kubuda kupinda chiedza, vachiva rutivi HTML5 wo, kusiyana kwayo Shanduro yokutanga, kunyange asiri soro kuwanda, apora.

Zvakakosha Doctype?

Zvichida vamwe ruzivo "vanyori" iri HTML achaedza kusateerera okushambadza peji mhando. Zvakanaka, kana vasina kudzidza mashoko anokosha kubva vyshenapisannogo, tinopa muenzaniso nyore. Heuno muenzaniso peji kuti anoshandisa Transitional-template:

Zvinoita sezvo inofanira kunge iri pfungwa akagadzira, asi isu zviripo kuti "kuvhiringidza» Doctype, uye tinowana zvinotevera:

Sezvaunogona kuona, peji kwave kuchiita kuchinja: yadzima Wallpaper, zviripo rava vaonekwe list, CSS mamwe makirasi nyore kuteerera, mukuwedzera, peji "Outros" rechipiri scrollbar.

Tinovimba muenzaniso uyu ndiyo zvakakwana iripo vyshenapisannogo anotsanangura kukosha, saka tinogona chete kuchengeta pfungwa kana, Zvakanakisa, dzidza kunyora bumbiro kuti inopfuura kuzviomesera-chivimbo chakasimba. Rombo rakanaka kwamuri!