Rufu rwechimumati Vladimir Komarov. Iyoyocraft yeSoyuz-1

Nekukundikana kwema ndege ndege pasi pehurumende yeSoviet yakanga isingatauri, zvinhu zvakawanda zvakavanzwa. Vladimir Komarov akafa sei, Hero chaiyo yeSoviet Union, cosmonaut, nyika haina kuziva pakarepo. Zvose zviripo pakutanga kwekufambira mberi zvakanga zvisinganzwisisiki, uye zvikepe zvaiva nezvikanganiso zvizhinji, kusagadzikana kubva kune vavakadzi.

Vakatambudzwa nekuda kwekutsvaga nzvimbo munguva yeSoviet

Mazita evarume vakawanda vane heroin cosmonauts vanozivikanwa kune vose, asi vangani vasara kusvikira zuva ranhasi vasingazive kune avo vane basa ravo rava cosmos uye upenyu hwavo hwakagurwa mudenga.

Rufu rwechimumoni Komarov rwakava umwe wevanhu vasingakanganisiki nekuda kwekuongorora nzvimbo isingagumi. Iye, kufanana nedzimwewo masters akaisvonaka, akapihwa kumubhedha wake, akazvitsvakira kutsvakurudza uye kutsvaga mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyo vanhu vagara vachikumbira.

Mhosva dzekutanga dzinouraya

Kufanana naVladimir Komarov, uyo anozivikanwa zvakakodzera kunyanya kukoshesa, Valentin Bondarenko akafira mumamiriro ezvinhu akafanana mumhepo inoenda. Rufu rwake rwakanga rwunotanga kuenderera mberi nekusimudza nzvimbo dzinotengeswa: cosmonaut yaipiswa iri mhenyu muna 1961, iri muimba yekutinhira kuchikoro chesayenzi munguva yekudzidzisa. Iyo hero yaingova kugadzirira kuva nyanzvi, kupedza zvidzidzo. Paiva nenjodzi. Apo mishonga yezvokurapa yakanga yakasununguka kubva mumuviri, akadzima muviri wake newaini yewaini yakanyorowa doro, iyo yakazununguka mushure mekurova hodha iri pedyo. Iko kamuri, yakazara neokisijeni, moto wakabatwa, moto unopararira nokukurumidza munzvimbo yakakomberedzwa. Mirazvo iyi yakapararira kune zvipfeko, izvo zvakangoerekana zvasimuka. Anstronaut, asina kuzarura musuo munguva, akagamuchira kushamiswa uye kupisa kusingapindirani nehupenyu, akafa pakarepo.

Ichi chiitiko chaiva chekutanga uye chisina kuziviswa pachena nehurumende yeSoviet Union. Asi akazova chidzidzo kune vane masimba uye chikonzero chekuramba kugadzira spacecraft mumakamuri akazara neokisijeni.

Gare gare, nenzira yakafanana, pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akafanana, vatatuzve vanoenda kuAmerica vakaurawa, uye, kana kwete kwekuvanzika kwechiitiko chekutanga chakaitika munhoroondo yeastronautics, dambudziko iri raigona kudziviswa.

Pamusoro pezvisikwa, zvinopiswa zvipenyu panguva yekutsika

The Soyuz-1, kudzokera kuNyika musi waApril 23, 1967, yakagumburwa nekuda kwekukundikana kwepasachute. Rufu rwechimumoni Komarov munguva yekuedzwa kwechikepe ichi chaiva chimwe chinetso cheSoviet yose yenyika. Zvechokwadi, yekutanga kutanga kwaisati yafungidzirwa zvakakwana uye yakadzidza. Nzira isina kuwanikwa yakanga ine ngozi, uye naizvozvo kukanganisa kwakaitika. Gore gore risati raitika, musi waNovember 28, 1966, yekutanga yeSoyuz-1, kana Kosmos-133, yakagumburwa kubva mumugwagwa wayo, sezvazvakataurwa kuna TASS. Kwapera nguva yakati, muna December wegore rimwe chete, rakagumburwa nekuda kwekuparadzwa kweSoyuz-2 kuvhara pad.

Chinyorwa chiduku chekutambudzika kwaKomarov

Asi hurumende yeSoviet yaida zvitsva zvitsva mu cosmonautics, uye nokukurumidza, yakasarudzwa kugadzirira missile kutanga kwaMay 1, kunyange zvazvo yakanga ine zvigaro zvakakwana. Kudzidza pamusoro pehuwandu hwezvinetso, astronaut, akadanwa kuti afambe munzvimbo, akanga asina kuchena, ropa rekuwedzera, uye akawira. Mumwe mupeperi akasarudzwa, Vladimir Mikhailovich Komarov, mutyairi ane ruzivo uye akadzidziswa uyo akanga atova mumakwikwi seanodzvinyirirwa naYuri Gagarin munaApril 1966.

Zvakanyatsoitika sei?

Mushure mekunge chikepe chikapinda mumugwagwa nekuda kwekusavhiringidzwa Komarov akasarudza kukurumidzira kugadzirisa, asi njodzi yakanga isingagoni kudziviswa. Iyi chokwadi yakanga yakavanzwazve. Iyo encyclopedia inoti iyo ndege yakabudirira uye purogiramu yakapera. Zvinyorwa muzvokwadi paiva nezvakawanda. Chimwe chazvo ndechokuregererwa kwechigadziri, uyo, achikanda gomba muhwindo, nokuti akanga asingakwanise kusvika kune chaidiwa chikwata, akachiwana semugumisiro nesimbi isina chinhu. Iyo dummy yakanyunguduka, ichiwira munzvimbo yakaoma yepamhepo apo ngarava yakaburuka, uye mweya wakapinda mukati memukatikati. Kushingaira kwakasikwa kwakatungamirira kupinza chigadziko neparachute, zvakanga zvisingakwanisi kubuda uye kuvhura. Paiva nenjodzi itsva.

Maminitsi ekupedzisira vasati vafa hero-cosmonaut

Rufu rwechimumoni Komarov chakanga chisingadzivisiki. Akakwanisa kusunungura parachute yakasununguka, asi akazodzimwa pakarepo sechikonzero chekurova zvipfeko. Ikoko kwakanga kusina mikana yekupona, uye zvose nokuregererwa kweiyo mugadziri, asinganetseki akatarisana nebasa rake.

Pakusviba chigadzirwa chacho chakarova pasi, uye piro Komarov akafa.

Yeuka nguva dzose: ndiani anokwadi yezvakaitika?

Mutoro weparachute muSoviet Union yakaisa Minaviaprom. Izvo zvaiitika zvakaitika zvakasiyana zvachose: chifukidziro chegirazi neparachutes mukati maro, ichirova apo ngarava yakaburukira mune zvisingaiti. Pamusana pekudzvinyirira kwakakoromoka, girasi rakasvibiswa, uye sezvo rakange rakagadzirirwa mumativi ezvigadzirwa, rakagadzirisa parachute huru. Paakaburuka nekukurumidza, mishonga yakatanga kuenzanisa uye, pakusangana nevhu, yakagumburwa.

Nzvimbo iyo njodzi yakaitika yainzi dunhu reAdamovsky reOrenburg. Muchigadziro cheKarabutak, kubva ipapo, chiyeuchidzo chiyeuchidzo chave chagadzirwa, chinowanikwa gore negore musi waApril 23 kurumbidza chiyeuchidzo chegamba rakafa. Munharaunda iri pedyo neOrsk yebelisk yokutanga yakabuda musi waJune 11, 1967. Kuiswa kwake kwakarongedzwa nevashanda pamwe chete nevakafa ve cosmonaut.

Nhoroondo haidzidzise chero chinhu, kana Kuti haufaniri kudzokorora zvikanganiso

Kwapera nguva yakati, munaJune 1971, imwe njodzi yakaitika mu cosmonautics: kufa kwevatatu vatatu: Viktor Patsayev, Vladislav Volkov naGeorgy Dobrovolsky, pavakaburukira panyika kubva kuSoyuz-1 orbital station. Zvadaro chikepe Soyuz-1 chakarova. VaAstronaut vakanga vari kaviri, iyo yakabhururuka panzvimbo yevashandi vakakurumbira mukugadzirwa naValery Kubasov, Peter Kolodin naAlexei Leonov. Chikonzero chekufa zvakare chido chezvematongerwo enyika eSoviet.

Kutora muenzaniso kubva kune veAmerica vakatizira kumwedzi pane ngarava yezvikamu zvitatu, zviremera zvakasarudza kuti yedu inofanira kubhururuka chaizvo vanhu vatatu. Kana varume vaviri vachibhururuka mukati mechiparadzi, dambudziko raisazoitika. 3 zvikwata hazvina kuwirirana nemamiriro ose epamitiza, hazvina kukodzera kuenzana nekukwirira kwekamuri. Astronauts akafamba mumakwikwi emitambo, ayo akanga asingagoni kuita.

Kutevera muenzaniso waGagarin, zvakare mune rimwe boka revarume vatatu, muna 1964 Boris Yegorov, Konstantin Feoktistov naVladimir Komarov vakaenda ku "Voskhod". Ikoji, yakarongerwa munhu mumwe chete, yakanga inoshamisa kune yakatsetseka kune vatatu vavo, uye zvipfeko zvinosarudza kubhururuka kwete mumakwikwi, asi mune zvigadzirwa zvemitambo, uye zvakare vakabvisa chigaro choga chevashandi kuitira kuti zvimwe zviwedzere nzvimbo. Kuenderera mberi kuputsa kwemamiriro ose muhupenyu. Vanongotanga kuisa hupenyu hwavo pangozi. Nokukwanisa kukuru, ndege iyi yakapera kubudirira. Asi nekuda kwekutyora kwemitemo uye nekuda kwekusava nehanya uku kune mamiriro ezvinhu asati dambudziko racho rakakandwa.

Korolyov, achinzwa aine mhosva, akakumbira ruregerero chero bedzi, achiperekedza vanogadzira ndege. Zvechokwadi, zviremera zvemazuva iwayo zvakavanza chiitiko ichi.

Zvinokonzera rufu rwe cosmonaut Komarov

Munguva yemadzinza, Soyuz-1 yakaputika. Vladimir Komarov aisagona kuona nokukurumidza kusangana kwebasa rekushandisa. Kutanga kusvika kumakiromita 150 kubva pasi rose zvinhu zvose zvaive zvakanaka, asi pamusuo wemhepo yakange yakakosha kugovana chikepe muzvikamu zvitatu, kureva kuti, kuparadzanisa imba kubva kumashoni epamba uye makamuri. Yaiva panguva yekuparadzanisa iyo vhirivha yevheti yakashanda nguva pfupi, kunyange zvazvo kuvhura kwayo kwaizoitika gare gare, pedyo nePasi pachayo.

Chikonzero chekuvhura kusingatarisirwi kwevhavha hakuchina kugadziriswa. Nyanzvi dzinotenda kuti kana ngarava yakakamurwa kuva makamuri, iyo pyrobolts yakabuda kubva mumatambudziko akaoma, ventilator inogona kuzarura kubva kuputika kwevhavha yeventilating uye kufamba kwesimbi yekudzivirira. Paakaburuka muzvigadzirwa, kusuruvara kwakaderedzwa zvikuru, uye astronaut haana kungova nenguva yekudzima mabhanhire kuitira kuti avhare gomba rakaumbwa (inodhonza), uye pakupedzisira rakarasika.

Apo chiremba wakafa akawanikwa, kuvapo kwe nitrogen muropa, kuora mwoyo kwekushaya ropa, uye ropa mumapapu zvakaratidzwa. Mushure mokunge chiitiko ichi, ndege dzakasungwa kwemakore maviri dzakapwanyika. Soviet teknolojia yekambani inoda kuvandudzwa. Ichi chiitiko chakakanganisa zviremera. Cosmonauts vakapiwa zvipfeko zvakakosha, dzimwe mbatya mubhurwa dzakanga dzisingagamuchirwi. Nzira dzekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu dzakatorwa nokukurumidza.

Brief biography yemukuru weastronaut

Yese yehupenyu hwake yakatsaurirwa kune dzimwe ndege dzevakafa Vladimir Komarov. Iyo hero ye biography inotsigira izvi. Zuva rose rakaberekwa muna 1927. Pazera remakore gumi nematanhatu, mushure mekunge ndapedza chirongwa chechikoro chemakore manomwe, ndakapinda chikoro chakasarudzwa cheMweya weMweya muMoscow nechinangwa chimwe chete: kuva mumwe nevanokwira ndege veSoviet, asi akagamuchira diploma yakafanana chete pamagumo emhirizhonga.

Gore rakatevera mushure mekusunungurwa Komarov kwakaendeswa kuBataysk. Mushure mokunge apedza chikoro kubva muguta muguta reuto rekuchengetedza ndege rainzi Serov muna 1949, akabatana nebasa sechifambiso chemauto muNorth Caucasus. Nokukurumidza muGrozny akasangana na Valentina. Mudzidzisi wechikoro akaroora Vladimir Mikhailovich.

Kubva kumurwi weuto kune imwe nzvimbo yekuongorora

Muna 1952, Komarov yakadzoserwa zvakare kushanda. Panguva ino, imba yake itsva yaive kumavirira kwekuUkraine guta re Mukachevo. Kuva mutyairi wechikoro kwemakore anenge manomwe, Komarov akapfuurira kukura, kudzidza uye kukura sehupenzi. Muna 1959 nyanzvi yakadzidza kubva kuZhukovsky Academy. Uyezve, basa rake rakaenderera mberi kuHarare Red Banner Research Institute yeMweya.

Dare racho rakasiyana nedzimwe sangano rekutsvakurudza dzekare nechinangwa chaicho - kuedza maitiro ekupedzisira ehurumende yekambani. Kuchinja kuno kwakave, nenzira yakati, kuuraya kweKomarov - kwaiva pano kuti akapiwa basa mukuedza nzvimbo dzemotokari, iyo yakarambidzwa kuparadzirwa. Kubva muna 1961, akatanga kugadzirira ndege ku "East" uye "Sunrise."

Nguva yekupedzisira yeupenyu hwaKomarov

Vladimir Komarov vakataurirana naVa Yuri Gagarin, uye iyo yakanyorwa kare yakachengetedzwa. Yakanga iri pamusoro pokuti Komarov yakanga isingagoni kuzarura bhero yakasara. Kare vasati vasvika, Gagarin akarayirwa kugadzirira basa rekupedzisira, nekunyatsotarisa uye nekunyarara kutora kubhururuka kwekutsvaga, kutarisa pamwedzi. Komarov akati zvinhu zvose zvakarongeka, zvinonzi iye ari pachigaro uye akabatanidzwa nebhanhire. Gagarin aida kufema zvakadzama paaisvika, uye mushure memhinduro yaKomarov: "Ndinokutendai, taurirai munhu wese ..." - kuwirirana naye kwakabva kwadzika pakarepo. Izvi ndizvo zvose izvo Vladimir Komarov akakwanisa kutaura panguva iyoyo. Iyo astronaut, ane mazwi ekupedzisira akakwanisa kunzwika nevatumwa, akagara nokusingaperi mukuyeuka kwevanhu vaimuziva.

Chigadzirwa chacho chakatanga kuburuka chichibva mumhepo. Aigona kuona ndege yekutsvaga, uye vafambisi vezvikepe vakaona kuiswa kwekuyerera kwekuneta. Ipapo vakabva vaudza kuti ngarava yakanga iri kupisa. Mitsara yekupedzisira yakanga inouraya. Chikepe chakabata moto, uye panguva iyoyo Komarov Vladimir Mikhailovich aiziva kuti aizoparara. Hapana anoziva zvaanonzwa panguva idzi dzehupenyu. Zvose zvakapisa pasi: bhuku regi uye ne-board bape rekodi.

Maererano nenhau, vatyairi vemapurisa vachitsvakurudza vanonzi vachinzwa chigadzirwa che cosmonaut, asi iyi inhema. Kuti anzwe inzwi raigona kuburikidza chete ne antenna, iyo yaiva pamiganhu yeparadhiso huru, asi haina kuzarurirwa kwaari.

Usiku hweEpril 25, masara eVladimir Komarov akatorwa kuenda kuchipatara cheBurdenko. Mutungamiriri-in-Chief Vershinin, mutungamiri wemhepo, akauya kuzonyatsopembera kumunhu akafa, asi paakaona zvakasara kwaari, akaraira kupisa kwakakurumidza.

Chii chakaongorora?

Kuti aongorore rufu rwaVladimir Komarov uye dambudziko racho rose, rakaitika pa "Soyuz", komiti yakasarudzwa yakatanga. Mumakore iwayo Ustinov akanga achinyoreswa munzvimbo yekuongorora. Maererano nehurukuro yepamutemo, dambudziko rakaitika risina kuitika, rinoreva kuwirirana kwemamiriro ezvinhu.

Chaizvoizvo, chikonzero ichocho. Mukusimba kwesimba, kupera kwekuyerera kwaive kwakanyanya kusimba kupfuura iyo huru uye yakanga isingagoni kuibudisa kunze kwekukanganiswa kwekumanikidzika mukati memasvingo emadziro, ayo, zvakare, asina kukwana. Mhosva yacho yakaunzwa kune vavakadzi, vatori vechikamu mukugadzirwa kwechikwata ichi cheparachute pachikepe, pamwe chete nevakasika venheyo yehurumende. Kubva pamapato acho vakabviswa mukuru wekugadzira Tkachev uye vatsigiri vake Mishin.

Kubva muna 1971 - pasina njodzi

1.5 makore mushure mokunge njodzi yakaitika - kufa kwe cosmonaut Komarov kuSoyuz, inotevera cosmonaut Georgy Beregovoy yakananga kumavambo ra199, uye pamwe chete - Khrunov naEliseev. Ngarava mbiri dziri mumakwikwi zvisinei, dzichiri munzvimbo yakazaruka, vafudzi vanogona kufamba kubva kune imwe "Union" kuenda kune imwe. Rwendo rwechipiri rwakanga rune shungu zvakare, asi ma heroes akaita zvisingabviri. "Union" yakaratidzwa seyo yakatendeseka pane dzose dzepakisi yezviitiko izvozvo, uye kubva muna 1971 pakanga pasina matambudziko.

Kushinga uye ushingi hwegamba haana kuramba asina hanya nehurumende. Komarov akambomira akapa mbiri yechipiri yokuremekedza "Gold Star". Mukuwedzera, Mutemo weAstronaut pasi pezita rinoshamisa "Wind Rose", rakapiwa neInternational Committee yeAeronautics uye Spaceflight, rinosimbisa kukosha kwechiito chakaitwa naVladimir Mikhailovich.

Nhasi madota ake anozorora murusvingo rweKremlin mudunhu guru reMoscow. Zita rejamba rinowanzotaurwa kubva paTV. Pamusoro pezviitiko zviitiko iyo firimu yakavakirwa pasi peshoko rekufananidzira "Space. Ropa rokutanga. " Vakaita varo vakaita basa rakakura kuti vaone zvinokonzera dambudziko uye nhengo dzinokosha, dzisina kutaurwa munguva dzeSoviet. MuGermany, makore ane gumi apfuura, Berlin Bhizimisi Orchestra yakaita mabasa mazhinji akanyorwa nevanyori vakakurumbira kubva kumativi ose enyika kunyanya chirongwa chaAd Astra. Pakati pavo pakanga pane zvisikwa zvakatsaurirwa kuna Vladimir Komarov.

Kana kwete nokuda kwedambudziko naKomarov, Soyuz yaifanira kunge iri kutiza kusvika 2014. Hafu yezana remakore yapfuura, uye hazvigoneki kuti imwe ngarava ichaonekwa iyo inogona kurarama kwemakore mazhinji. Asi hupenyu kwaari (mukuchinjana kune zvake) wakapa hero imwechete - Vladimir Mikhailovich Komarov. Icho hachisi icho chigamba here? Zvinosuruvarisa, zvishoma zvinozivikanwa pamusoro pake, zvisina kufanira ... Asi ikozvino, kuziva ruzivo rwakasuruvara uye rusina hanya nhoroondo yeRussia cosmonaut Komarov, ane zita rinofanira kumira kune vamwe nevamwe vatsva vakuru, munhu anofanira kukudza kuyeuka kwake.