Cosmonaut Alexei Mazura: Biography (mufananidzo)

In nyika yedu uye pasi rose Zvinozivikanwa zita cosmonaut Mazura. Alexei Mazura kutanga muchadenga akaita vhidhiyo filming, kusiya chitundumusere-musere. Munyaya ino tichataura ndikuratidzei kuti zvakanga uye nei akanga paakavapa musoro Hero of Soviet Union kuti Implementation yakadaro inoita nyore basa. Uyewo tsanangura sei, nokuti ichi basa Sergey Korolov akasarudza izvozvo. Biography Alekseya Leonova - ndiyo njodzi munhu munhuwo Soviet kupfuura munhuwo mhuri.

udiki

Alexei Mazura akaberekwa muna 1934 mune Siberian musha Listvyanka, riri munzvimbo Kemerovo mudunhu. mhuri huru umo akanga mwana worusere, vaiita murimi mudiki basa. The baba, njanji magetsi kubva Donbass, mushure Civil War, akatamira kuSiberia baba vake, sekuru yemberi asitironati, uye vakatanga kushanda sechinhu zvipfuwo mazvikokota. Amai vakagara munzvimbo idzi pamberi. Alekseya Leonova sekuru akaendeswa kuutapwa nzvimbo idzi nokuda kwavo kusangana echimurenga zvakaitika 1905.

Baba yemberi cosmonaut Arhip Mazura, akangwara murume uye tinoshanda nesimba, akunda kuremekedza pakati vomumusha uye akasarudzwa sachigaro wekanzuru musha. The sefungu udzvanyiriri haana vadarika uye mhuri. Baba muna 1936 kusvika udzvanyiriri, asi muna 1939, kuti adzorere kodzero uye kwakakodzera.

About mhuri vabereki uye uduku Alexei zvishoma zvinozivikanwa. Tinotarisira achaisiya uwane bhuku netsamba.

Muna 1938, amai Alexei kwakaita kuna Kemerovo. Ikoko, kana akura, akaenda kuchikoro. First mwana wechikoro aiva nemakore mapfumbamwe.

Muna 1948 mhuri yakatamira zvachose kugara itsva, yokumadokero nharaunda yeSoviet Union. Kaliningrad aiva kumusha nokuda Alekseya Arhipovicha. Tam nemhuri kurarama yake nhasi. Mune rimwe dzinoungana nechepakati cheguta iri shongwe vachikudza nzvimbo vatsvakurudzi. It zvinobva mumugwagwa, akapfeka zita cosmonaut Mazura.

Basa - murwi mutyairi wendege

Kufarira nyaya lotnomu Alexei Mazura haana simuka netsaona. Mukoma wake Peter Arkhipovich, aiva toolmaker, imwe nyanzvi huru mumunda mavo. Iye nokuzvidira vaimuudzawo pamwe Alesha.

Kunze zvemichina Alexei Arkhipovich kufarira zvemitambo. Akanga muhondo fence, kuchovha, nemharu uye mitambo. Rine discharges. Ake kufarira kupenda yakatanga kuva tarenda guru.

Kaliningrad, pachangu vanoziva Alekseem Arhipovichem, yeuka kuti aiva mukomana mukuru - kudzifarira, zvemitambo, vachifara uye nomutsa.

Wokutanga Banga dzidzo Alexei Mazura apinda Kremenchug, akatizira chikoro. Akabva akadzidza paChikoro Higher School Chuguyivske Ndege mutyairi, pashure iyo, mukupera vamakumi mashanu, vakamhanyira yetsiva ndege.

Boka rokutanga cosmonauts

Sergei Korolev vanyatsohuongorora sarudza musarudzo kubhururuka muchadenga. The Track Chinyorwa Alekseya Leonova kuwedzera kwazvo zvechadenga nzvimbo basa uye kwazvo vatambi Zvave uye kumhara murwi ndege third-15bis mumamiriro ezvinhu pamwe injini nemhuru. Mukutanga sixties akanga akabvuma wokutanga, Gagarin, cosmonaut Corps, rwaiumbwa vanhu makumi maviri.

By spacewalk Alexei Mazura rakagadzirirwa zvakakwana. Kuwedzera kukupfura rake cosmonauts vaiva vamwe, zvakaenzana kufanira musarudzo. Izvi Valery Bykovsky uye Pavel Popovich, uye Victor Gorbatenko, uye Vladimir Komarov, uye Ivan Anikeev, uye vamwe. Dzinokwana vanhu 20. Zvazviri, mumwe nomumwe wavo aigona kutsungirira chero simulated ezvinhu. S. P. Korolov vakasarudza Alexei Arkhipovich sezvo munhu anogona kutsanangura zvikuru zvakarurama pfungwa nzvimbo. Uye akaita.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti gadziriro spacewalk kakawanda uye kwazvo aishanda pamusoro pasi, zvose kupa zvakava zvisingabviri.

Training kwakaitika chaiyo kumakamuri simulated weightlessness. Zvinoenderana anatomi wacho indices, uyewo kufungisisa mhepo kufurirwa mukati sutu uye taitarisira ambient ezvinhu masutu zvakavakwa yoga pasi mumwe asitironati.

Zvakarurama vatevedzere zvose ezvinhu kujairika kuti vagari venyika nzvimbo murabhoritari zvinhu zvakanga zvisingaiti. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kuti muchadenga kunoongorora okutanga pachena kuti ngozi huru.

The chokwadi pamusoro kutiza - a kunorambidzwa kuti vagari USSR

Exit Mazura mu noruvazhe kunogona kuonekwa muvhidhiyo, izvo zvinosanganisira zvimedu akatorwa navo kamera. Inotarisira zvinoorora chaizvo mufananidzo kupendwa naye. Ndiwo mufananidzo chaiwo muchikepe, uye rakatevera, muna sutu, Alexei Mazura. mufananidzo mufananidzo munyaya ino. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti munguva Soviet kuona mufananidzo uyu unogona chete sarudza. Small chikepe saizi zvichienzaniswa dzayo mbiri vanhu musatarira chete hunoshamisa. Vanomanikidzwa kutarira nzvimbo piyona sezvo vanhu zvikuru noushingi.

Details nezvechiitiko ichi munguva eSoviet akanga akavanzwa. Vagari vaisafanira unoziva miscalculations kana zvikanganiso nemasayendisiti National uye rwokugadzira zvinhu kusakwana.

The kupenda, izvo unoratidza Alexei Mazura, wokutanga nzvimbo murume ari akasununguka kutiza, zviri pachena: muchikepe kukura zvokuti diki rinogona haawanzotauri kukodzera vanhu vaviri. No vakasununguka nzvimbo. Hongu ndizvo, hwakavakirwa zvinangwa wakaisirwa muchadenga kunoongorora uye nguva vakanga vari kutiza, uye hazvina zvakakodzera.

ndege yokutanga, kutora mifananidzo yetumedu

Muna 1965, kuti spaceship yeSoviet "Voskhod-2" kuita ndege yakapoteredza Pasi. Chinangwa chikuru chaiva kuedza zvingagona womunhu uye mano zvakasikwa pasi kuti vaite basa iri Vacuum. The vashandi - Pavel Belyayev uye Alexei Mazura.

Makore matatu preflight kugadzirira, uye chete 1 zuva, 2 maawa, 2 maminitsi 17 mumasekonzi kuti kutiza, uye nguva napadare - maminitsi 23 uye 41 seconds. Spacewalk Alekseya Leonova Akaperekedzwa imwe distancing kubva chikepe pa 5,35 metres. It rwakatora maminitsi 12 uye 9 seconds. The asitironati raiwanzobatana kune waya chikepe, akashongedzerwa nechiredzo uye loop. nezvikokovonho Perestogivanie akabatsira kutaura kana kutama kubva chitundumusere-musere kusvika achida urefu.

Huru basa, waiva kuita Alexei Mazura muchadenga - iri kutora mifananidzo yetumedu ane mavhidhiyo kamera uye mikrofotoapparat. Video kunze zvakakwana saka kure sezvo zvaigoneka pasi ipapo mamiriro unyanzvi. Asi tora mifananidzo pamwe mikrofotoapparata, muNzvimbo dukuduku, pakukura bhatani, nhumbi yokutanga, vakakundikana. Nokuda deformation ari asitironati suit vasingagoni osimudza waya, nemabasa kamera mabhatani, uye punching bhegi pneumatic, rave akafuka kuguma, kwasvika kure panguva mbudo kubva suo. Akabata pamusoro manhole pakavha.

The kamwe kamwe ari spacesuit

Spacesuit Alexei haana chaizvo vakakwana. It akaedzwa pane kufadza zvichibvira musiyano pakati kwokunze uye munyika kumanikidzwa, izvo zvinogona simulated Panyika. Akanga zvakare kure chii kunoitika muchadenga. The kumanikidzwa mukati suit - 600 mm HG. Mbiru panze - 9 mm. Somugumisiro, yava ballooned. Haana vapone chisimbiso mbabvu uye anosungira. Maoko nemakumbo havachakwanisi kuenda pamugumo maoko uye makumbo dzinochemera. The suit wava unmanageable Kamudzira, izvo akasaina pavarombo. Pavel Belyayev, mukuru akaona zvaiitika pamwe sutu Leonova, asi kugona kubatsira chinhu. Alexei Arkhipovich zvinofungidzirwa kuti inenge imwe awa, anofema yakaisvonaka okisijeni uye senitrogen, izvo aripo ari kufema gasi mungarava, nguva ino inofanira kuchenesa achibva ropa. Akasarudza kuderedza nevezera mukati spacesuit. It chinorambidzwa murayiridzo, asi chii chimwe haana kumboona. Kana senitrogen anoramba muropa, angadai yakabikwa, uye kuti zvairevei rufu. Nitrogen haana, uye Alex Arkhipovich, uchibata uye otstogivaya tambo nezvikokovonho, akariita kumusuo.

Akirobhatikisi mu airlock

Size airlock tsotsonya aiva muduku kupfuura inodiwa kukura nokuda asitironati, izvo pafudzi upamhi yunifomu dzokunze -. 68 masendimita Sezvo suo rakazaruka nechomukati, uye suo dhayamita - 1 m, hazvibviri kutendeuka mairi. Alexei Arkhipovich kukwanawo uye kunama batten pasi madhoo, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti kana kuderedza kukura tsotsonya pakavha kana kuderedza lodgement. Simply yokukudza chikepe harina zvichikwanisika. Nokuti pakuchengetedza womukati rwesuo saizi yakanga pachake Alexei Mazura. Access kuti nzvimbo uye adzokera muchikepe, kupfuura pfungwa kutevedzana matanho nokungwarira calibrate uye akaramba achiita pamusoro simulators. Asi kudzidza zvidzidzo zvavo, asi chokwadi haina stinted pamusoro isingatarisirwi.

Cosmonaut akaenda sunroof pasi, sezvo pfungwa zvikuru ergonomic uye musoro. Kuti batten pasi tsotsonya aifanira dhipuroya muviri 180 inegumi. The basa tichifunga kukura uye tightness asitironati arhitrudnaya suo. Alexei Arkhipovich akazotaura nezvenguva ake kupomba mwero pakazopera akirobhatikisi uyu 200 anorova paminiti, uye ziya mumba maziso ake vaingoramba. Zvino, tinofanira kuparadzana resuwo, uye iwe unogona kudzokera kumba Earth. Asi wakatendeuka kuti kuvarairwa.

Pashure Kuparadzana of airlock chikepe akatanga tenderera kumativi ayo akabatana, uye kumanikidza mukati rakatanga kukura. Muchadenga kunoongorora aigona chete kutarisa zviridzwa. Rega muitiro zvakanga zvisingaiti. Ivo kuderedza tembiricha uye mwando mundege. Pressure akaramba achikura. The kuchangotanga sepfarivari - uye chikepe kuti icharidzwa kuti Morekuru. Pane imwe nguva, Alexei Mazura uye Pavel Belyaev akochonorwa - kana chavanoziva, kana vakarara. Gare gare, apo achiverenga huchashandiswa diagrams, ndokudzokera kuti kumanikidzwa mukati motokari panzvimbo 160 atmospheres asvika chiratidzo 920 mm HG, pashure pacho vakava nomuzvarirwo kudukupiswa.

Chokwadi kuti chikepe inenge awa akanga ari kunofambira mberi nechinzvimbo kana akaremara. Rumwe rutivi kuti +150 Celsius vakuchidzire zuva, uye mumwe ari mumvuri, dzaserera kuna -140 inegumi. Somugumisiro, ngarava yacho yakanga namahwindo yokubvinza. Kushandisa michina akashanda ari kwadzinoita muripo kubva leakage reokisijeni. Pakupedzisira, kumanikidza akava mukuru kuti wakarovererwa mukati tsotsonya. Simbiso akapora uye zvokuridzira vakagamuchira runoenzanirana chiratidzo achingobuda ropa zvakawandisa kumanikidzwa. The jeti mhepo kubva kunze wechikepe divi vakamutumidza rotational inofamba.

Kwaiva kumisa kutenderera, sezvo vachiti, nyaya nzira, kuti zviri nyore. Mberi paiva nomumwe mamwe basa - kumhara.

freelance kumhara

Zvinonzi vaidavira kuti utore-kure uye kumhara - kwazvo kwemasayendisiti iri kurapa chitundumusere-musere. "Voskhod-2" akagara pasi ari Chinyorwa nzira. Panzvimbo vakaronga pana Kustanai iye mukusanzwisisa hafu mita chando muffled ari Ural taiga 200 km kubva Perm. History wokununura muchadenga kunoongorora kubva taiga pakutapwa anokodzerwa munechimwewo chitsauko. Alexei Mazura uye Pavel Belyaev akapedza usiku maviri, akaputirwa ganda, vaibviswa ganda kubva yomukati pemvura chikepe, kudziyirwa pamoto, uye Alexei Arkhipovich kuita maekisesaizi, kudhonza pamusoro anosungira ari parachuti, kuomerera misoro Pines. Zvokudya vaiva - Ndinoda-kuomeswa nyama, chocolate, mabhisikiti namapundu cherry muto.

Pakangotanga muchadenga kunoongorora yakawanikwa, uye rakanga maawa mana pashure touchdown (ichi kwakabatsira yakajeka orenji kanopi kiromita parachuti ndege iyo akaona vagari nemisha pedyo), vakakanda kudziya nguvo uye chikafu, asi kuti kune vezvikepe, vanunuri vakasagona. Nokuti kubvisa aifanira kuronga nzvimbo kunyika neherikoputa. Loggers bhurigedhi akasvika Chainsaws uye hauchazvidzwi kupishinura.

Idol uye nokutenda

Alexei Mazura anoti Sergey Pavlovich Korolov, akagadzira yeSoviet nzvimbo zvikepe, musiki nzvimbo bhizimisi zvesayenzi uye maindasitiri, ari MUTSOROPODZI, hauna uye mutsoropodzi, tora upenyu chipo uye ramangwana inongobata kujeka imwe muchadenga kunoongorora akanga anopfuura baba. Akanga mwari wavo.

Zvinofanira akati kuti Soviet chitundumusere-musere tichitarisa rakavimbika uye kuchengeteka vakanga yekudyidzana kupfuura ngarava vakwikwidzi '- the United States. Sezvo nyika yedu iri kutanga muchadenga ubanguranyika panguva kudzidzisa Flights uye vakarasikirwa muchadenga kunoongorora mashanu, ukuwo vekuAmerica akavigwa 17 muchadenga kunoongorora. Chikonzero chedu matambudziko - anonzi munhu chinhu. Technology haana kukundikana kunyange kamwe.

Valentin Bondarenko akafa panguva bvunzo mupfungwa kugadzikana pasi ezvinhu ndoga kuvapo. Zvino panguva Institute of Aerospace Medicine ari moto ari hyperbaric kamuri. Vladimir Komarov akaurayiwa kana kudyara - parachuti haana kushamisa. Georgy Dobrovolsky, Vladislav Volkov uye Viktor Patsaev vakaurayiwa depressurization chikepe panguva yokudyara.

kurashikirwa ndege

The ndege yechipiri Alekseya Leonova raizoitirwa muna June 1961. The vashandi chaiva muchadenga kunoongorora matatu - Alekseya Leonova, Valery Kubasova uye Peter Kolodin. Nguva pfupi asati yakarongwa kutanga musi vanachiremba bhodhi akawana Valery zvishomanana dimming mumapapu. Kwakasarudzwa kutumira negadziriro yeparutivi rakarira. Nokuti vapfumi yaiva nenjodzi: Peter haana vachimbundira muchadenga, uye nokuda chawo-dzi - a rombo kumbozorora. ndege chirongwa chakaitwa sowakajeka. Panguva kuzodzosera mukova kwakaitika dambudziko. Muchadenga kunoongorora vanokanganisa akasvinudzwa rakavhara vharafu.

Ngarava akaita dzakapfavirira kumhara mu vakaronga nzvimbo, asi kugona kuponesa vanhu. Yaiva Viktor Patsaev, Vladislav Volkov uye Georgy Dobrovolsky.

chechipiri ndege

Aleksei Mazura mune nzvimbo yaiva miviri. Ndege yokutanga kwakaitika March 1965. The noruvazhe Alexei Mazura akabuda kamwe. mutengo wake - mune nzvimbo kurarama uye basa.

The rwechipiri ikoko muna July 1976. Basa muchadenga kwakatora 5 mazuva, maawa 22, kwemaminitsi 30 uye 51 seconds. Yaiva dzakawanda chirongwa. Chinangwa - pokusvika modules uye kuedza yesayenzi. Nendege muchadenga yeSoviet "Soyuz-19" pamwe Alexei Mazura uye Valeriem Kubasovym uye American "Apollo" pamwe muchadenga kunoongorora matatu - Thomas Stafford, Donald Slayton uye Vance Brand.

tarenda painter wacho

Nemhaka mifananidzo tarenda iri asitironati vanhu vose vaigona kudzidza sei nyika sokunge kunze pasi muchadenga, nekuti panguva mifananidzo zvakabudiswa muchadenga, chete nhema uye chena. Kusvikira ikozvino, nzvimbo iri kutora mifananidzo yetumedu imwe kunzwisisa. Izvi imhaka vamwe pane Panyika kuti chisarudzo optics, imwe mhando kuparadzirwa chiedza mwaranzi, mumwe refraction.

Kusiyana the artist Alekseya Leonova pakuti akanga pamatende vake zvakarurama ouinjiniya kuburitswa iri hwokugadzira zvinhu nzvimbo michina uye asitironati sutu. A unopinza Kutarira pamusoro painter kutsunga chii mavara varipo vari chakarondedzera yepasi pose nharaunda.

Alexei Arkhipovich muchirongwa pakusikwa zvetsamba pamusoro dingindira nzvimbo. In nomumwe wavo - nechipo uye nezveramangwana nzvimbo kudziongorora. Dzinonakidza chaizvo kufunga. Tora Kutarira mufananidzo. Alekseya Leonova aigona kunzi ari muiti wechokwadi, anokwanisa kufanotaura nezveramangwana, nokuda zvaakanga waimiririra, akanga asati mumakore iwayo.

Life Panyika

Alexei Arkhipovich nendege kaviri muchadenga. Akanga paakavapa maviri nyeredzi Hero of Soviet Union, ari Revashumiri Lenin uye Red Star uye Medals wenyika yedu uye kunze, iye honorary mugari wokuRussia uye dzimwe maguta matatu.

A womudenga mwena anonzi pashure pake, uyewo nyika yacho renyeredzi Libra.

Alexei Mazura, Major General Aviation kuchengeterwa, akatsaurira upenyu hwake kuna pezvakasikwa. Akapedza kudzidza kubva Air Force Engineering Academy. N. E. Zhukovskogo, kusanganisira dhigirii. Alexei Arkhipovich refu mubasa chokudzidzisa muchadenga kunoongorora uye nzvimbo midziyo magadzirirwo nguva. Zvaanazvo kutsvakurudza mune zvaakaratidzwa omumwe ruvara uye chiedza unhu pashure muchadenga kutiza, nzvimbo uye nguva maonero ari muchadenga, zvinetso zvepfungwa pane interplanetary kutiza, uyewo mamwe basa chesayenzi uye experimental.

Iye akaroorwa uye ane mwanasikana nevazukuru vaviri.

Pakutanga chiuru chemakore chechitatu

Pari, cosmonaut Mazura Aleksey Arhipovich anogara Moscow. Kare, muna 2014, gore Russian Federation President Vladimir Putin paakavapa kwaari Order "Nokuti munorumbidzirweiko» III dhigirii. Saizvozvo kwakaratidzwa musi unoenderana octogenarian asitironati, uyo upenyu hwake hwose yakawanda basa zvibereko zvakanaka kwavo kunyika yokumusha kwavo. Acharamba kuramba mundangariro dzedu somunhu akaita abatsira zvikuru muchadenga ubanguranyika nesayenzi, uye sezvo emhizha, kuratidza vanhu nyika kunze pasi muchadenga. Unhu, muenzaniso chiri zvinogoneka uye zvakakodzera kudzidzisa vechiduku - chokwadi Alexei Mazura. Biography yake kusimba dzinonakidza. nzvimbo yayo paakaita anogona kuwanikwa mubhuku A. S. Eliseeva "Upenyu - kuderedza mugungwa." Pairi tiri anonzi akawanda filmed.