Viking Age: zvishoma pamusoro pemusoro

Middle Ages rinoreva nguva Viking VIII-XI CC. Kana European gungwa anatsa chisinganyari makororo dzinobva dzekuma Scandinavia. vachirwisa avo urove kutya kupinda yakabudirira vagere Old World. The VaViking havana chete mbavha asiwo vatengesi uye vatsvakurudzi. By chitendero vaiva vahedheni.

The pakuonekwa Viking

Muzana VIII remakore, vagari munharaunda ano Norway, Sweden uye Denmark vakatanga kuvaka Wokumusorosoro-nokukurumidza panguva zvikepe uye akavatuma parwendo rurefu. On adventures izvi ivo akasunda kwoutsinye zvakaita yechizvarigo. Agriculture muna dzekuma Scandinavia akanga underdeveloped nekuda kwechando okunze. The mwero Kukohwa haana kubvumira veko zvakawanda zvokudya zvekupa mhuri dzavo. Nokuda zvinooneka vapfumi zvaibiwa kwakaenderera VaViking, iyo akavapa mukana kwete chete kuzotenga zvokudya, asi kuti kuchinjanisa vavakidzani

Wokutanga kurwisa vezvikepe pamusoro dzakavakidzana kwakaitika mugore 789. Ipapo makororo vakarwisa Dorset nechekumaodzanyemba England, vakauraya uye vakapamba guta PETN. Saka akatanga Nguva VaViking. Chimwe chikonzero chikuru vakawanda piracy yave kuwedzera hwakare kwakavakirwa munharaunda uye nomutsa. Kuziva, kusimbisa ayo simba akatanga kusika kumumvuri yose inoti kutanga munharaunda muDenmark. Nokuti yarlov kwakadaro akapakatira zvazova tsime upfumi uye simba pakati vomunyika yake.

unyanzvi vezvikepe

Chinhu chikuru chinoita kuti kukunda uye nenzvimbo matongo, kuti VaViking vakatanga nhumbi dzavo, vaiva nani zvikuru pane zvimwe European. Air warships rinonzi Drakkar. Navigators aiwanzoshandisa navo sezvo musha wavo pachavo. ngarava dzakadaro dzakanga Mobile. Vanogona kuva nyore kufamba kudhonzwa pamhenderekedzo. Pakutanga, zvikepe zvakanga kukwasva, pashure vawana maseiri.

Drakkar vaisiyana yakashongedzwa chimiro chaicho nokukurumidza, akavimbika uye zvakanaka. Ivo zvakagadzirirwa zvakananga kudzika nzizi. By kuwana pavo, ivo VaViking vaigona kuenda zvakadzama kupinda wakaparadza nyika. nzendo dzakadaro akava kushamisika wakakwana kuna vokuEurope. Kazhinji, Drakkar dzakavakwa yematanda nedota. Ndivo chiratidzo chinokosha, izvo akasiya mukutanga Ages munhoroondo. Nguva VaViking - hazvisi chete nguva kukunda, asi kukura wezvokutengeserana kumwedzi. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, kuti Scandinavians vaishandisa chaiwo nezvikepe zvavatengesi - Knorr. Vakanga vakwanise uye zvakadzama Drakkar. midziyo zvakadaro zvinogona akatakura zvakawanda zvinhu.

Viking panguva Northern Europe aizivikanwa kukura wekushandisa. Scandinavians handina anokosha mano (eg chinongedzo), asi vari kubatwa zvakanaka mazano Nature. vezvikepe izvi Anonyatsoziva tsika shiri akaatora naye rwendo kuziva kana pane nyika inotevera (kana akanga asiri, shiri vodzokera chikepe). vanotsvakurudza uyewo akavimba zuva, nyeredzi uye mwedzi.

Vachirwisa musi Britain

The vachirwisa of Scandinavians kuEngland vokutanga vakanga pfupi. Vakapamba kuzvidzivirira dzemamongi uye nokukurumidza vakadzokera gungwa. Zvisinei, zvishoma nezvishoma, asi VaViking vakatanga kuisa vanoti kunyika Anglo-Saxons. MuBritain, apo pakanga pasina umambo chete. The chitsuwa yakakamurwa pakati vatongi akawanda. In 865 ari kunozivikanwa Danish mambo Ragnar Lodbrok akaenda Northumbria, asi yake chikepe wakamhanya kukandirwa akamedura. Mvumo akakomba uye akabatwa. King Nortumbrii Ella II aurayiwe Ragnar akarayira kuti vamusundidzire mugomba yakazara dzine uturu pakati.

Lodbrok rufu regai kurangwa. Makore maviri gare gare asvika Great vahedheni Army pamhenderekedzo England. Uto Izvi zvakatungamirira vanakomana yakawanda Ragnar. The VaViking yakakunda East Anglia, Northumbria uye Mercia. Vatongi umambo izvi vakaurayiwa. The wokupedzisira nhare Anglo-Saxons raiva South Wessex. Mambo wake Alfred Veliky, tichiziva kuti mauto ake hadzikwani kurwa zvisingaiti, yaakaita navo runyararo chibvumirano, uye ipapo, mugore 886, uye zvose akabvuma muridzi wavo muBritain.

Kukunda England

Alfred uye mwanakomana wake Edward Mukuru akatora makumi mana kubvisa nyika pavatorwa. Mercia uye East Anglia vakasunungurwa kuti gore 924. Ari kure kuchamhembe Northumbria Viking kwaizoita yakatora makore makumi matatu.

Pashure takanga tisisanakidzwi, kuti Scandinavians vakatanga kuzodzosera kuoneka kakawanda British mumhenderekedzo. Inotevera sefungu vachirwisa akatanga muna 980, uye ari 1013th Sven Forkbeard kutora zvachose pamusoro nyika uye akava mambo waro. mwanakomana wake Knud Veliky makumi matatu nokwevanhu monarchies matatu: Great Britain, Denmark uye Norway. Pashure porufu rwake, mutana youmambo pamusoro Wessex akatangazve simba, uye vatorwa akasiya Britain.

Muzana XI remakore Scandinavians vakatsiva mashomanana kuedza kukunda chitsuwa, asi vose vakatadza. Viking Age, muna pfupi, avasakadza tsika uye bato raitonga-Saxon Britain. Mundima, izvo kwechinguva vapiwe vokuDenmark akasimbisa danelaw - hurongwa mutemo, akatorwa kubva Scandinavians. nharaunda iyi kure mamwe mapurovhinzi Chirungu yose Middle Ages.

Normans uye Franks

In Western Europe, kuti Viking yaitonga inonzi nguva yokurwiswa Normans. Pasi zita iri Air vakararama vakarangarira vaKaturike. Kana VaViking nechikepe kumavirira kunonyanya kuti vapambe England, kumaodzanyemba chinangwa pavakaenda aiva vechiFrank Empire. Rakavakwa mugore 800 ne Charlemagne. Nepo mariri, uye pasi mwanakomana wake Louis nevatungamiriri akaramba imwe simba mamiriro, nyika akadzivirirwa kubva kuvaHedheni.

Zvisinei, apo umambo yakakamurwa kuva umambo matatu, uye ivowo, vakatanga kutambura kubva mari yacho feudal ino, kuti VaViking pamberi kuvhura dizzying kuita. Vamwe Scandinavians ose gore, vachipambara nemhenderekedzo, vamwe vaiita basa pakushumira vatongi Catholic kuripira rupo vaKristu Zvidzivirire. Panguva imwe vachirwisa avo, VaViking kunyange vakatapa Paris.

Muna 911, pasi vechiFrank mambo Charles ari Nyore akapa VaViking kuchamhembe kweFrance. nharaunda iyi pakuzivikanwa se Normandy. vabati varo vakabhabhatidzwa. nzira iyi dzabatsira. More uye zvakawanda zviri VaViking zvishoma nezvishoma kuchinja kuti munhu ndakagara mararamiro. Asi vamwe mweya vakashinga vakaramba rutsigiro dzavo. Saka, muna 1130 ivo Normans yakakunda kumaodzanyemba kweItaly uye akasika Sicilian umambo.

Odin Kuwanika America

Kutamira mberi kusvika kumadokero, VaViking pachena Ireland. Vanowanzoororwa kufanorongwa vachirwisa pachitsuwa uye akasiya dzeko Celtic tsika chinokosha rupawo. Kupfuura maviri emakore, Scandinavians anazvo muDublin. Around 860, pasi VaViking pachena Iceland ( "chando nyika"). Vaiva vagere ichi chitsuwa murenje wokutanga. Iceland yaiva nzvimbo yakakurumbira ine Colonisation. Norway akatsvaka vagari avo vakatiza nyika nokuda kakawanda hondo.

Muna 900, kubva Viking chikepe tsaona kure njanji, vakasvika Groenlândia. Yokutanga dzaiva ikoko pakupera X remakore. Zvakawanikwa izvi akafuridzira mumwe Viking kuramba kutsvaka nzira kumavirira. Ivo zvakarurama aitarisira kuti mhiri kwegungwa kune pasi idzva. Explorer Leif Eriksson asvika nemahombekombe North America kumativi gore 1000 uye akasvika pamusoro Labrador Peninsula. Nyika ino akadana Vinland. Saka, Viking yaitonga aizivikanwa kuwanikwa America mazana mashanu asati Hristofora Kolumba rwendo.

Runyerekupe pamusoro nyika iyi vakanga sketchy uye kwete kusiya kunze dzekuma Scandinavia. MuEurope, hatina kuziva kumadokero yakaoma. Settlement of VaViking muna Vinland yakapedza emakore anoverengeka. kuedza nhatu dzakaitwa kuti nyuchi nyika, asi ivo vose vakatadza. On vatorwa uchirwisa maIndia. Liaise pamwe mapoka zvakanga zvakaoma nokuti hombe akareba. Pakupedzisira, kuti Scandinavians akasiya America. Pave paya, vanochera matongo vakawana zvisaririra zviri kugarwa muna Newfoundland, Canada.

VaViking uye Rus

In yechipiri yezana VIII remakore, VaViking mauto vakatanga kurwisa nyika inogarwa vakawanda Finno-Ugric marudzi. Izvi runoratidzwa matongo anowana yakawanikwa Russia Staraya Ladoga. Kana Europe iri VaViking akadana Normans, kuti Slavs ainzi VaViking zvavo. Scandinavians aidzora shoma vezvokutengeserana zvengarava muGungwa reBaltic muna Prussia. Pano panotanga kunobatsira Amber Road iro rinopenya yaitakurwa kuna Mediterranean.

vakaita Rus Viking Age sei? Muchidimbu, nemhaka vatsva kubva dzekuma Scandinavia yakatanga Eastern necheSalvic statehood. Maererano pamutemo shanduro, vagari Novgorod, kazhinji neVadzidzi VaViking akatendeukira kwavari rubatsiro panguva zvemukati kukakavara. Saka kutonga VaViking Rurik vakakokwawo. Kubva kwaari kwakange imba, iyo nokukurumidza akabatana Russia uye akava mutemo muKiev.

Gen. vagari dzekuma Scandinavia

Pamba VaViking vaigara guru murimi mudiki dzose. Pasi pedenga ichi chivako anofambirana mhuri, yaisanganisira zvizvarwa zvitatu chete. Vana, vabereki navanasekuru vaigara pamwe chete. Tsika iyi yaiva ungira ari worudzi hurongwa. Dzimba dzakavakwa yematanda uye ivhu. Paiitirwa peat. Nechepakati yakafarikana aiwanzotaurwa muzinda, yakanga isina chete kudyiwa, asi vakanga vavete.

Kunyange kana munhu Nguva VaViking, maguta avo dzekuma Scandinavia vakanga chaizvo mupfupi kupa nzira ichisvikira misha yacho Slavs. Vanhu nekutsvaga ainyanya akapoteredza maindasitiri uye vezvokutengeserana nzvimbo. Cities akavaka fjords yakadzika. Izvi zvakaitwa kuitira kuti yakanaka yokugara iri chiitiko ane kurwisa muvengi rengarava kuziva chinotangira aaiita.

Air vanhuwo zvavo vakapfeka amakwai Shirts uye pfupi bhurukwa zvakakura-kura. Viking koshitomu chaizvo wakaoma nokuda kuperevedza mbishi zvinhu zviri Nordic munyika. Rich vamiririri vaikudzwa vevaGiriki aigona kupfeka zvipfeko wechitema chinosiyanisa kubva pachaunga, kuratidza upfumi uye chinzvimbo. Vakadzi koshitomu Viking hazvo zvaisanganisira nenhumbi - simbi zvishongo nezvikorekedzo, pendants uye simbi dzemabhande emabhurukwa nokuda nemabhandi. Kana musikana akaroorwa, iye akaisa vhudzi ari bun, kuroora vakanonga vhudzi Ribbon.

Nadzo nezvombo VaViking

Mazuva mutsika dzakakurumbira kwakapararira mufananidzo mumwe Viking nyanga ngowani pamusoro wake. Kutaura zvazviri, heti idzi dzaiva husiri nyore kuwana uye haasisina kushandiswa muhondo uye netsika. Clothing Viking yaitonga zvaisanganisira mutemo unoti kuvanhu vose kuvheneka nadzo.

Yakanga zvombo zvikuru siyana. Northerners kakawanda akashandisa pfumo rimwe nehafu metres refu, iyo inogona kutemwa uye kubaya muvengi. Asi akaramba munondo rakajairika. Ichi chombo zvakanga chiedza chaizvo sezvo zvichienzaniswa nemamwe marudzi, akazviratidza kuMiddle Ages akatevera. Viking bakatwa yakaitwa optioneel mune dzakawanda dzekuma Scandinavia. Warriors kazhinji vakatenga chombo vechiFrank, sezvo yarinopa hwakanakisisa. Vaiva VaViking uye refu mapanga - Saxons.

Luke vagari dzekuma Scandinavia dzaigadzirwa nemadota kana yew there. Sezvo tambo inowanzoshandiswa rakarukwa bvudzi. Common melee zvombo vaiva namasanhu. VaViking vaifarira yakafara, symmetrically yakashatiswa mumufambiro reza.

Recent Normans

In yokutanga yezana XI remakore rakanga kuguma Viking Age. Akanga nokuda zvinoverengeka. Chekutanga, muna dzekuma Scandinavia pakupedzisira Zvaparara yekare Marudzi remitemo. Akanga yakatsiviwa chaiwo Ages feudalism kuti suzerain nomwanakomana. Kare ndakagara uye anongofamba upenyu nehafu. Vagari dzekuma Scandinavia vakagara munyika yake.

Mugumo Viking Age rakasvika nokuda kupararira chiKristu pakati northerners. Kutenda chitsva, mukusiyana kusvika yechihedheni, vaishora ropa mishandirapamwe munyika yokumwe. Zvishoma nezvishoma, vazhinji tsika zvibayiro kunge kukanganwika, uye zvichingodaro. E. The michinjikwa kutanga kuziva kuti achibatsirwa itsva kutenda legitimizovalas mumaziso navamwe yakabudirira European Community. Zvichitevera vatongi uye vakakwirira sezvakaita vanhuwo zvavo.

Mugore vakachinja ezvinhu enyika VaViking, uyo aida kubatanidza upenyu hwavo zvehondo, vakapinda varwi uye vakashumira nezvavatorwa pamadzimambo. Somuenzaniso, mashoko Byzantine madzimambo akanga ake Varangian Guard. Northerners zvaikosheswa chaizvo nokuti simba ravo panyama, nyore upenyu uye zvakasiyana-siyana yetsiva unyanzvi. Wokupedzisira Viking simba ari chaiwo pfungwa yeshoko rakanga Mambo Norway Harald III Zvakakomba. Akaenda kuna England uye vakaedza kuhwina naye, asi akafa Hondo Stamford Bridge muna 1066. Zvino kuguma Viking Age. William Mukundi kubva Normandy (sezvo iye muzukuru Air vezvikepe) mugore iroro richiri yakakunda England.