Tallinn zvaJehovha Baltic Fleet iitike

In nhoroondo Great Patriotic War wakapinda chiitiko chacho, iyo yakaitika mukupera July 1941 uye vakagamuchira zita Tallinn kuBaltic Fleet iitike. Izvi zvisati wayo kunzwisisa mashandiro muenzaniso woushingi uye kurasira pakati dzomugungwa Soviet.

Pakuverenga murayiro

Sezvo zvakachengetedzwa magwaro mashoma apfuura, kuti pakutanga Nazi Germany yakarwisa Soviet Union chikuru mujinga kuBaltic Fleet iri muna Tallinn. Zvisinei, pasinei neizvi, basa zvakakodzera kusimbisa guta nomumugwagwa uye gungwa havana kuitwa. Command tariro vakanga wakarovererwa nezvokuti, nekuti kure nomuganhu wehurumende, guta guru kuEstonia rirege vakarwiswa nomuvengi.

Masvomhu Ndivo misoro pamwe kukurumidza kukura kwezvinhu wehondo German, izvo zvakaguma mumazuva gumi July 1941 yokutanga muvengi makumi matanhatu chete kubva Tallinn, kusika, saka, kutyisidzira chaiko pane wengarava chawo, kuti onshore chikamu uye kwete panguva kutama zvavo.

Pasinei nokuti kubvisa aiva murayiro zvikuru pachena pamusoro North-West mirayiridzo, inotungamirwa Marshal K. E. Voroshilovym, kutya basa, haana kuda kupa zvakakodzera kuti, uye nokudaro, nguva chakarasika. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kuti goho pakati kuBaltic Fleet ngarava uye pasi nevarwi blockade muvengi, yavakanga vatanga pasi rinorema moto muvengi. oparesheni iyi wapinda munhoroondo hondo rinonzi Soviet kubvisa pamusoro Tallinn.

Zvinoitwa muvengi, zvainanga anokunda Tallinn

The nokukurumidza chinotangira mauto eGermany kwakakonzerwa zvirevo vaHitler, vachirayira zvodii kudzivisa chitsotsi Army uye kuBaltic Fleet ngarava Leningrad, kunwa rakanga, maererano urongwa "Barbarossa", mumwe kukoshesa murayiro German.

Somugumisiro Soviet kubvisa pakati Tallinn yakaitwa pasi moto namanomwe atirari battalions akamira pamusoro kumaodzanyemba pamahombekombe Gulf Finland, izvo vakatsigira maviri Finnish bhatiri. Uyezve, zvinhu zvinoshamisa kuoma neboka chinokosha nhamba minefields, akaratidza anorenda nokuda navies German uye Finnish uye nepagungwa muvengi ndege. Rinomiririra nengozi uye Finnish Avangard vavezi vematombo, kushanda munzvimbo Bay nzvimbo.

The murayiro gahadziko

Mazuva ano, nyanzvi uto kunomutsa mibvunzo yakawanda murayiro plan, pahwaro iyo Tallinn iitike. Bunich Igor Lvovich - akakurumbira Russian munyori, wenhoroondo uye publicist - mubhuku rake rinonzi wakayeriswa pazviitiko makore iwayo, akaita kuti tifunge intractable inzwi pfungwa kushandisa nokuda kwemutemo zvikepe zvose ine gwara.

Hapana mubvunzo kuti kamwe akanga zvakadzama zvakakwana uye akakodzera kuti pokuita yezwi ngarawa Kirov, asi nei vamwe matare, akanga yekudyidzana zvishoma kunonaya, zvakanga airambidzwa kushandisa dzimwe fairways - kujeka. Saka, zvikepe akatambanudza kuti makiromita akawanda, uye kudzivirira kubva kugungwa uye mhepo ehondo muvengi aitenge.

Sezvinoratidzwa mubhuku rake rinonzi Igor Bunich, Tallinn Kuchinja akatakurwa kunze aiparadza yokushomeka minesweepers. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, ubanguranyika yangu iri vhoriyamu yakakodzera haina kuitwa, uye Bay nzvimbo akaramba anofa ngozi nokuda vakawanda zvimbambaira wengarava zvose German uye Soviet.

Nemafungiro, yakarongwa rengarava murayiro

Maererano nepurani yakataurwa mudonzvo pokuvhiyiwa, Tallinn sanduko aifanira kuitwa sezvinotevera: mberi raiiswa Boka huru vehondo, aiteverwa nebutiro zvikepe, ari rearguard, akavhara mana karavhani mudungwe wemabhazi. nerimwe boka ngarava vasati kwaiva imwe basa, anobudirira Implementation iyo kwaienderana zvinonyatsorehwa mugumisiro yacho.

Total mazana mashanu ngarava vakatora chikamu mukushanda. The yokuzviparadzanisa huru mauto vanotungamirirwa nomudzimu ngarawa "Kirov". Akanga achiteverwa vaparadzi zvina, Ngarava dzepasi pemvura mashanu, zvakafanana nhamba minesweepers uye vakawanda Avangard, patrol zvikepe uye nezvimwe. Waiva yokuzviparadzanisa huru muviri.

The pabutiro kukupfura yaisanganisira vaparadzi matatu, mana Ngarava dzepasi pemvura uye zvikepe zviri zvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Rearguard zvaisanganisira vaparadzi matatu, matatu patrol ngarava uye zvikepe. rwavaitiratidza zvina mudungwe wemabhazi, zvinosanganisira vazhinji nhumbi zvikepe kutungamidza zvinhu siyana uye vanhu. Kuwedzera kune midziyo iyi, kuvhiyiwa nechokuita vazhinji okuwedzera perekedza ngarava.

The goho mugungwa, uye wokutanga kurasikirwa

Tallinn Kuchinja kwakatanga mangwanani August 28, apo warships uye transports vakarayirwa kuenda rokunze chiteshi. Zvisinei, kufambira mberi kwavo nokukurumidza chaitadzisa vakaridza kubva pazuva dutu, achiperekedzwa yakasimba rwokumusoro-mabvazuva mhepo. kunopera chete masikati nemamiriro okunze nani uye dare, pasinei anorema atirari moto romuvengi, vakatanga kuvakazve mu Pamakafamba kuti.

Chaizvoizvo kubva maminitsi pakurwisa wokutanga gungwa zvimbambaira vakapinda trawlers, dzose ndirove navo avo Paravani - akanyorerwa kuti chinangwa ichi mano, uye trawls. Asi Bay yakanga saka pamu mumigodhi kuti chikepe haasi nguva dzose vakakwanisa nenguva kudzivisa musangano navo. Somugumisiro nhasi vakawirwa landmines vakatanga mapfumbamwe pamusoro ngarava uye vaviri Ngarava dzepasi pemvura.

Manheru uye usiku akazadzwa dzikirira

Pazuva rwendo ari mudungwe wemabhazi transports uye kakawanda pasi atirari moto romuvengi, rakanga inoitwa kuzviita, asi hazvina zvazvakabatsira wokutanga. Around 20:00 isu ukaonekwa Finnish Avangard magwa, richisvika mumwe rapprochement pamwe kumatare Soviet, asi gobvu moto cannons, akavadzinga vasati vasvika rikayerera kwechinhambwe Avangard wapfura. Heavy nezvinhu vakatambura pamusana mudungwe wemabhazi aizotambudzazve ndege muvengi, ashandiswe chete pamberi kutanga rima. Zvikepe Four Soviet vakanga pai, uye kwakakanganisa vaviri zvakawanda dzakaparadzwa.

Asi zvakadini kwakatokura zvinhu zvava kuoma pakatanga rima, kana mukuru boka chikepe chakange chiri pakati yakasimba zvimbambaira. Usiku huno, vakabuda mukudzora pamusoro zvimbambaira uye rikanyura gumi pamusoro ngarava uye mumwe yepasi pemvura. Kubva dzavo zvikwata zvakawanda uye vakatakurwa mungarava chete vashoma gumi vanhu vakanunurwa.

Akapiwa ezvinhu aripo, mukuru rengarava akamanikidzwa arayire zvose midziyo asara kusiyira zvibatiso kumirira mambakwedza. Mugumisiro ichi chirongwa usiku wokutanga akanga chaityisa --maviri nezvitanhatu midziyo ndivo vakasvika pamusoro avaida zuva Tallinn, vakanga vakanyura. Uyezve, ngarava shanu - zvakakanganisa vaviri akatapwa muvengi, uye mumwe asipo.

Air varwise muvengi

Pamwe chete kupenya kwezuva August 29 okutanga, 1941 zvikepe vakaramba vachienda, asi nhasi zvaitika zvakachengeterwa kunyange mukuru bvunzo. Nechekare muna 5 maawa uye maminitsi 30 pamusoro karavhani yaiva ushori ndege German, uye kubva 7.30 mhepo vachirwisa vakatevera mumwe pashure perimwe. maitikiro yavo chabatsira napedyo mumhenderekedzo yegungwa aerodromes, daro hakuiti pfuura rimwe zana makiromita, uye kusavapo kutopedza mudenga ndege yeSoviet.

Anenge asina mokusangana chero chakakomba moto muvengi, asi vezvikepe German vakakwanisa kusarudza chikuru uye kudzivirirwa zvikuru huru, uye ipapo vouta navo ropa kuchitonhora. Somugumisiro, zvakarurama kubhomba musi August 29, akawedzerwa kune kare vakafa asi gumi midziyo, uyewo vakawedzera uwandu vakanguva dzaparadzwa uye zvaida Towing.

Kununura, kunze zviuru zvevanhu

zuva rino pakataurwa Nhamba huru vaifira pakati vafambisi, uye vatakurwi ngarava, yaisanganisira evacuees mauto pasi mauto uye vanhuwo zvavo. Kunyange zvakadaro, somugumisiro vabatsirwe zviito pakutambudzika vakanunurwa vanopfuura zviuru mapfumbamwe vanhu mazana matatu, uye vanenge zviuru zvitanhatu vakakwanisa vaburuke kubva unopfuta ngarava kuchitsuwa Hogland. The vashandi, kunyanya vakaburitswa kuti kuitisa Kununurwa Kronstadt, uyewo muzvitsuwa Lavensaari uye Hogland, aigona kuponesa zviuru zvevanhu.

Kuedza kunzwisisa zvinokonzera njodzi

Achitsanangura zvikonzero vakawandisa nokurasikirwa akaperekedza Soviet kubvisa pamusoro Tallinn, Bunich Igor Lvovich, rimwe bhuku rinotaura pamusoro, uyewo dzinoverengeka rechiuto dzekare dzinotaura zvikuru kusaita zvinhu nomazvo nomurayiro, kazhinji kupa mirayiridzo kuti dzinopesana pfungwa. Somuenzaniso, uye pasina kuti paucity pechifukidziro kwave simba sezvakarayirwa, isu mberi kubva ngarawa "Kirov", maererano izvo Ngarava dzepasi pemvura vaviri akarayira, vachisiya mudungwe wemabhazi panguva akurumidze akatumira Kronstadt, kuti ivo akaurayiwa pakarepo.

Achiziva kuti vanoverengeka mirairo yakanga zvinosiyana kungoitira kusaita zvinhu nomazvo pevakuru, vatungamiri ngarava nomumwe, pasinei murayiro wokuti, dare akabata wavo wokumaodzanyemba Fairway uye ngozi kusvika kuenda, nokuponesa vanhu.

Court asvika achida chinangwa

Pakazosvika manheru rezuva ngarava inorema rokutanga chikuru karavhani mauto akatanga kusvika muna Kronstadt. Kusvikira pakati pousiku maviri namapfumbamwe vavo akakwanisa vakabudirira kukanda chikepe mumigwagwa makurusa wengarava chawo. Uyezve, kunyange nezvitanhatu kusvika nzvimbo revarwi edu Hogland chitsuwa.

August 30 Kronstadt asvika singly, mumapoka maduku kana kunyange ngarava zana manomwe. Pakarepo akarongwa chokuendesa yose anonunurwa vashandi nhengo, uyewo masoja uye vanhuwo zvavo munyika Leningrad. Vakakuvadzwa akaparadzirwa muzvipatara, uye vaya vaigona kutakura zvombo, akanga akanyorwa muzvikamu kuti akaumbwa kuti kutumira mberi. kwakaguma Saka Soviet kubvisa pakati Tallinn, migumisiro hunoita kuti tikwanise kupfuura inosuruvarisa mapeji munhoroondo nezvikepe veSoviet anokukonzera.

Nokurasikirwa chakakonzerwa namaneja nokuti iitike mazuva

Pasinei chokwadi kuti mune mamwe mabhuku akadhindwa anopiwa yakasiyana nhamba ngarava akaurayiwa panguva kuvhiyiwa ichi, zvinofungirwa kuti paiva makumi matanhatu namaviri. uwandu Izvi zvinonyanya kunoenderana data available kune vaongorori. Inosanganisira warships uye ebetsero uye zvifambiso midziyo.

Uyewo, hapana nekubvirana pasi nhamba yevanhu. Admiral Tributs, uyo akarayira mumakore iwayo kuBaltic Fleet, anoti anenge zviuru akafa zvishanu netsamba dzake. Kubva mushumo Stalin, vanhu commissar of Navy N. G. Kuznetsova, zvinoreva kuti vakasvika zviuru zvinomwe namazana manomwe, uye mukuru racho General Staff inozivisa gumi nezviviri. Zviri pachena, mashoko ichi chinonyanya nhema, sezvo munguva Soviet, akaiswa kuti kuona kurasikirwa kwavo.

Kuyeukwa zvinosuwisa

Gore rino unosvitsa makore 75 Soviet kubvisa pamusoro Tallinn, maererano nako ngwariro chakatorwa kuti umhare mapeji enhau Russian. Mukupera August, izvozvo kwapfuura wandei zviitiko zvenhoroondo uye dzokutsigira nyika hunhu, yakanga wakapindwa zvose Navy vakamborwa uye vechidiki.

Musi sefa nyika vakauya ichi chiitiko chinorwadza yakatsaurirwa muvhidhiyo nemafirimu. Tallinn Kuchinja rinomiririrwa mavari pamusana magwaro zvakachengetedzwa uye netsamba kubva vechikamu zviitiko. Vanotaura pamusoro basa kuti wakapiwa kuBaltic vezvikepe. Kuwedzera mabasa Igorya Bunicha, ambotaurwa, mumazuva iwayo, takarerwa kuti pfungwa vaverengi uye mamwe mabhuku pamusoro Soviet kubvisa pamusoro Tallinn.