Mussolini Benito (Duce): Biography. The mudzvanyiriri Italy

Mune Italian musha muduku Dovia, July 29, 1883, mwanakomana yomunharaunda mupfuri Alessandro Mussolini uye Rosa Maltoni mudzidzisi mwana wokutanga akaberekwa. Akapiwa zita Benito. Papera makore, mukomana rima-ganda yaizova udzvinyiriri, mumwe havaoni ose yechiFascist Party kweItaly, akasvetukira nyika kupinda wakakura zvikuru nguva utongi hwechiKomonisiti uye enyika udzvanyiriri.

Youth ramangwana mudzvinyiriri

Alessandro aiteerera hana mushandi nesimba uye nemhuri yake vaiva upfumi kuti akabvumira kuronga vaduku Mussolini Benito muchikoro Catholic muguta Faenza. Kugamuchira dzidzo yechipiri, akatanga kudzidzisa chikuru mamakisi, asi ichi muupenyu mhando mitoro yawo, uye muna 1902 mudzidzisi wechiduku anoenda Switzerland. Panguva iyoyo Geneva akanga azere vapoteri enyika, ramakagadzwa nguva dzose rotates uye Benito Mussolini. Books K. Kautsky, PA Kropotkin, Marx uye Shona mesmerizing kushanda mupfungwa dzake.

Asi pfungwa akasimba unoitwa nebasa Nietzsche yake yokuti "akakwana". Kamwe pazuva vadanana, zvakaguma kutendiswa kuti ndiye - Benito Mussolini - anofanira kuzadzisa chinangwa chikuru. Fungidziro, maererano izvo vanhu vari kuderedzwa kuti ufanane nechigadziko akasarudzwa vatungamiriri, rave kuvafarira pasina kumbozengurira. Hazvina kukonzera nechokwadi uye dudziro hondo sezvo chepamusorosoro nokuratidzwa dzevanhu mweya. Saka zvakanzi akateya Pfungwa nheyo ramangwana mutungamiriri yechiFascist Party.

Kudzokera kuItaly

Nokukurumidza mupanduki Socialist vachidzingwa kuSwitzerland, uye iye kamwe zvakare pamba. Pano anova nhengo Socialist Party kweItaly uye zvinobudirira kuedza rwake panguva venhau. Kurira kunotangira chiduku pepanhau "Zvinokonzerwa Zvii" rakabudiswa kunyanya nokuda kwazvo nyaya umo heatedly akatsoropodza masangano ose Bourgeois vanhu. Pakati vakawanda munyori uyu nzvimbo rinoita kufarirwa, uye munguva pfupi makopi pepanhau racho kaviri. Muna 1910, Mussolini Benito akasarudzwa Mutevedzeri inotevera Congress of Socialist Party, iyo rakaitwa muMilan.

Panguva iyi zita Mussolini kutanga kuwedzera chivakashure "Duce" - mutungamiri. Zviri zvikuru kumeso kwake maturo. Makore maviri gare gare, akapiwa kudzokera nechepakati reDare Socialist - "! Avanti" pepanhau ( "Forward!"). Raiva achikwakuka guru mberi kwake basa. Zvino, isati anovhura mukana kushandisa munyaya yavo yose multimillion vanhu Italy. Uye Mussolini sowakajeka yakakunda ichi. Pano zvakazara akazivisa ake tarenda wenhau. Zvakakwana kutaura kuti mumakore mumwe nehafu, akakwanisa kuwedzera riparadzirwe pepanhau kashanu. Rakava kupfuura akakurumbira munyika.

Care of Socialist kwomusasa

Nokukurumidza akateverwa yokuzorora nedzaimbova shamwari. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, vechiduku Mussolini ndokunanga pepanhau "Vanhu Italy", iyo, pasinei zita rayo, zvinoratidza zvinodiwa guru bourgeoisie uye mumaindasitiri oligarchy. Mugore iroro riri akaberekwa ari mubvandiripo mwanakomana Benito Mussolini - Benito Albino. Yaaizofanira agumise mazuva ake muchipatara mupfungwa, apo anofa uye mai vake - mutemo mukadzi, remangwana mudzvinyiriri Ida Daltser. Kwapera nguva, Mussolini anoroora Rachele Gaudi, uyo aizova nevana vashanu.

Muna 1915, Italy, zvitoro kusvikira nguva kwazvakarerekera, akapinda hondo. Mussolini Benito, kufanana vakawanda vamwe vagari, rakanga riri mberi. Muna February 1917, pashure kushumira namanomwe mwedzi, kuti Duce aiva kuchengeterwa yokukuvadzwa uye vakadzokera kwavo yapfuura mabasa. Mwedzi miviri gare gare, zvaisafungidzirwa zvakaitika: Italy akatambura unorema kukundwa ne yeAustria nemauto.

Kuberekwa yechiFascist Party

Asi National nhamo, mutengo mazana ezviuru zvevanhu, ave ari nhangaruvanze kuti Mussolini mumugwagwa simba. Recent magamba, vanhu vakatsamwa uye aneta nehondo, izvozvo anosika sangano rinonzi "Battle Union." unonakidza In Italian "Fashio of kombattimento". Ndiyo "Fashio" uye akapa zita rimwe kupfuura utsinye kufamba - Fascism.

Musangano pamwe nenhengo guru rokutanga rakaitwa March 23, 1919. In zvakatora anenge zana vanhu vaipinda. Kwemazuva mashanu, takanzwa mashoko pamusoro kudiwa rumutsiriro aimbova ukuru Italy uye vakawanda zvinodiwa kuti pakagadzwa dzokunamata takasununguka munyika. Nhengo dzesangano iri idzva, rinonzi pachavo nevaFascist riri kutaura zvavo zvose vokuItaly, kuziva kudikanwa achinje muupenyu ehurumende.

VaNazi musimba munyika

nyaya yakafanana vakabudirira, uye nokukurumidza Duce akasarudzwa kuti reparamende, apo zvigaro makumi matatu namashanu zvaiva nevaNazi. bato ravo rakanga pamutemo muna November 1921, uye mutungamiri waro aiva Mussolini Benito. NevaFascist Kuwedzera yokudira nhengo dzose itsva. Muna October 1927 shongwe vateveri vake vaite zviuru zvakawanda akakurumbira kufora pamusoro Rome, izvo zvakazoita Mussolini anova wehurumende uye chete migove simba naMambo Viktorom Emmanuilom III. The Cabinet pamusoro Vashumiri aumbwa chete dzinotambirwa yechiFascist Party. Nounyanzvi vachikorovhera, Mussolini akakwanisa kutsvaga kutsigirwa nezviito zvavo Papa, uye muna 1929 Vatican yakava yakazvimirira mamiriro.

Kurwisana kuparadzana

Fascism, Benito Mussolini akaramba kusimbisa pamusoro colour ose yakakura enyika udzvanyiriri - chakakosha kuchiitwa zvose utongi hwoudzvinyiriri. "A unokosha eHurumende korkein" hwagadzwa, izvo anokwanisa kudzvinyirira chero kuparadzana. Panguva ivepo, kubva 1927 kusvika 1943, zvaionekwa kupfuura 21,000 nyaya.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti vasara pachigaro choushe namambo, simba rose rakanga kusimbiswa mumaoko Duce. Iye akatungamirira panguva imwecheteyo, shumiro nomwe, aiva mutungamiriri wehurumende, musoro webato uye vanoverengeka Vezvemitemo. Akakwanisa kubvisa zvinenge zvose mubumbiro paigumira simba rake. KuItaly, kweutongi chomupurisa mamiriro. Pamusoro chirevo wakabudiswa irambidzwe nyika yose mamwe mapato uye Kudzimwa kwechikwereti zvakananga musarudzo.

political anoparadzirwa

Sezvo ose mudzvanyiriri Mussolini akaisa zvikuru kusimudzira sangano. In mirayiridzo iyi, izvozvo yabudirira zvikuru kubudirira, sezvo akanga akashanda pachaunga uye akanga nyanzvi nenyanzvi nezvainoita hana zvavo. Zvinopindura iye uye vatsigiri mashoko ake Nhimbe kupfuura kwose kwose. Portraits Duce akazadza mapeji mapepanhau uye magazini, murinde pamwe zvigunwe Poster uye mabhurocha, yakashongedzwa bhokisi Chocolates uye kavha zvinodhaka. Italy All yakazadzwa nemifananidzo Benito Mussolini. Quotes kubva kutaura ake akanga kudzokororwa akawanda.

Zvirongwa Social uye pakurwisana Mafia

Asi munhu akangwara uye kure VANOONA, Duce aiziva kuti kukwidziridzwa zvechigarire kusavimba vanhu varege kuita mari. Panyaya iyi, pokuikurukura uye rakatangwa misoro chirongwa kusimudza upfumi munyika uye kuvandudza mararamiro ari vokuItaly. Chokutanga, takapiwa chinozoiswa matanho kurwisa kwemabasa, zvichaita zvinobudirira kuwedzera basa. Sezvo chikamu chirongwa yake pfupi yakanga yakavakwa mumapurazi uye maguta okurima vanopfuura zviuru zvishanu zvishanu. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, isu akaita zvikasabudiswa kuti Pontine marshes, mundima huru kuti kwemazana emakore aimiririra nemadzinza nemarariya.

Nokuda kuitwa pasi pokutungamirira munyika reclamation chirongwa Mussolini kuti, nyika achawana kusvika mamiriyoni masere hectares nyika arable. Makumi manomwe-nezana vanhuwo zvavo kubva varombo nzvimbo munyika vakaagamuchira yakaorera nzvimbo. Mumakore okutanga makore masere kwake nhamba nezvipatara muItaly akawedzera kakapetwa. Nokuda evanhu nomutemo yakadzingana navo, Mussolini zvakawana kuremekedza kwete nyika yake asi vatungamiri vaitungamirira nyika munyika. Panguva yokutonga kwake, kuti Duce akakwanisa kuita zvisingabviri - akapotsa akaparadza akakurumbira Sicilian Mafia.

Military ukama Germany uye kupinda muhondo

In vatorwa mutemo, Mussolini akabereka zvirongwa kumutsidzirwa hweRoma. In tsika, ichi pave nepfari wakashonga Ethiopia, Albania uye dzimwe nzvimbo Mediterranean. Panguva iyo Spanish Civil War Mussolini akatumira guru rehondo kuti atsigire General Franco. Zvaive munguva iyi yakatanga dzinouraya kwaari rapprochement pamwe Hitler, batsirai Spanish vezvourudzi. Pakupedzisira, mubatanidzwa wavo yakasimbiswa muna 1937 pakashanya kuna Mussolini muGermany.

Muna 1939, pakati Germany uye Italy dzakasaina chibvumirano pamusoro kwemamiriro kuzvidzivirira uye kunogumbura mubatanidzwa, izvo kwakaguma June 10, 1940 Italy anopinda Hondo Yenyika II. Mauto Mussolini vari kutora chikamu mune basa kuFrance uye akarwisa British dzaidzorwa kuEast Africa, uye muna October nechisimba Greece. Asi nokukurumidza Kubudirira mazuva hondo yokutanga akasvimha zvinovava vakakurirwa. The nevarwi Anti-Hitler mubatanidzwa yakatowedzera ayo zviito zvose nzvimbo, uye vokuItaly vakanga kuenda, kurasikirwa pamberi rakundwa ndima uye akatakura rinorema kurasikirwa. Kuti zvinhu zvitowedzera kuipa zvakaipa, July 10, 1943 British akatora nemativi kweSisiri.

Pokuwa mudzvanyiriri

Rondedzero chikatsiviwa yezvisikwa nechido vakawanda kusagutsikana. Mutongi mhosva enyika pfupi-kwehurumende, somugumisiro iyo nyika yakanga kukwezverwa hondo. We akarangarira usurpation simba uye kudzvinyirira pamusoro kuparadzana, uye vose miscalculations mudzimai uye vatorwa mutemo, izvo akabvumira pamberi Benito Mussolini. Duce Akabviswa kwake navo kubva zvose zvavo mbiru uye asungwa. Pamberi pokutongwa, iye yakaitwa rimwe gomo hotels, asi wakabiwa paratroopers German pasi murayiro yakakurumbira Otto Skorzeny. Nokukurumidza pashure neGermany kweItaly.

Fate akapa mukana yaimbova Duce nguva musoro hurumende chidzoyi yakagadzwa Hitler zvokuvhoterwa. Asi denouement roswedera. Pakapera April 1945 aimbova mutongi uye tenzikadzi wake Clara Petacci vakanga akabatwa partisans achiedza neboka shamwari dzake kusiya Italy zvisiri pamutemo.

The Kuurayiwa Benito Mussolini nemusikana wake achiteverwa April 28. Vakanga vapfurwa kumucheto kwomusha Mezzegra. Gare gare mitumbi yavo vakaendeswa kuMilan vakaturika tsoka dzavo muguta pachivara. Saka akapedza mazuva ake Benito Mussolini Biography kuti chinhu zvachose akasiyana, asi vakawanda ndizvo kuti ruzhinji utsinye.