Ancient Egypt evanhu marongerwo uye mamiriro ayo

Ancient Egypt - the nebudiriro yokuMabvazuva. Uye zvikuru pano haisi nzvimbo pakuderedza, uye culturological uye budiriro. Pano, aitungamirira basa kukura vanhu vakaridza hapana pfuma voga, uye chamber uye temberi utariri. Saka, magariro nemamiriro vanhu Egipita yekare, nyika, nyika nzvimbo yechizvarirwo rimwe wokutanga nyika kukura chaizvo zvakaneta. Uye musiyano uyu haasi maitiro chete yebudiriro ichi, asi vamwe Eastern. Chii vaiva zvinhu evanhu mamiriro yeIjipiti yekare? Ngationgororei munyaya ino.

Ancient Egypt: zvinokosha

Tisati kutaura nezvoupenyu paruzhinji, ndinoda kuita pfupi karwendo kupinda kunyikadzimu nhoroondo. Saka, kukura yeIjipiti aenda kuburikidza akawanda munguva, ushe: Early (.... The kutanga III chemakore BC), Ancient (kuna XXVIII pakati XXIV remakore BC ..), Medium (kubva kumugumo III chemakore pakati XVII. remakore BC. e.), New (s XVI-XII XI-VIII remakore BC. e.) uye gare gare (kubva VII nokuda IV-I remakore BC. e.).

nguva dzose idzi dzinoratidzwa ne zvikuru kunonoka kukura ehurumende. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti munhoroondo yacho, iyo nebudiriro vaEgipita yekare muzvikamu zviviri (okumusoro umambo), zvino batanidza kupinda rimwe simba mamiriro, uye zvose izvi kuburikidza nokukakavara. Uyezve, kwaiva kugara hondo dzokukunda. Tikafunga zviitiko izvi chete akasimbisa nesimba Farao, uye Misiyano boka kwakakonzera muranda mugadziriro.

VomuSouth - African-Hamitic vaRubhimi, Nubians uye Semites - womunyika Africa. Vose ava vakasarudza kurarama munzvimbo dzapasi womupata Nile - ichi Muganhu nemisha zvakasikwa vaipa zindoga uye mune dzimwe vati chengetekei.

Rich kwete chete nenyika yakaorera, asiwo zvicherwa nharaunda zvakazara akagovera vanhu. Yokutanga pachena ukama inomuka panguva panodikanwa waidzora mafashamo aNairi pakuvaka kudiridzwa zvivako. Society rakakamurwa vanoshanda anofanira kudzorwa, uye vaya nokuzviita.

Education uye Kugadzirwa ehurumende

Saka, zvinenge muna V. BC. e. State Ancient Egypt anotanga kuvapo. Inoitwa polynomials vanoverengeka (sezvo munyika inonzi chinyakare kugarwa) uye kuti IV. BC. e. vari akaumba maviri umambo - kumusoro uye pasi. mubatanidzwa wavo chokuita reropa internecine hondo. Zvose zvinoitika munguva mangwanani umambo. Ancient sezvo umambo haana kumbofadzwa centralized panguva kuvapo munyika. Zvakare, Ijipiti yaora kupinda Noma, uye mumwe nomumwe wavo anoti rusununguko. Zvakare kutanga hondo pakati guta-inoti munyika.

Batanidzwa nyika zvaiita chete panguva Middle Kingdom. Chakava musimboti weguta Thebes. Pakupedzisira - kamwe pokuwa, hondo uye mubatanidzwa akasimba hwacho, vachiti kutonga nyika yekare (New Kingdom). Iyi ndiyo nguva hasha murwi. Pashure - zvakare kuderera iyo Ancient Egypt haana aenda - yakunda nevaPezhiya uye ipapo Alexander Mukuru. Anopedzisa kwayo yoga kuvapo: zvino Budiriro kamwe simba - chete ruwa hweRoma.

enyika

Sei ari hurumende hurongwa akanga Ancient Egypt? Social mamiriro dzose rinotanga kubva mudziyo itsika. Zvinofanira akati kuti panguva iyoyo, uye centralization uye kusabatana kupesana pane yagara nyika kupinda mumatunhu maviri - North uye South. Inotongwa ipapo magavhuna Farao. Iye pachake ngadzirambe musoro simba rake administrative, iyo yakati :. "Ishe kunyika mbiri"

Hurumende kwagara tisingatauri centralized, iyi iri dissociation nguva yakanga kunyora nezvavo. On hwaro isiyo simba raFarao, guru muboka revatungamiriri uye centralized. Farao chikuru basa muhurumende akanzi youmambo, apo mukuru aiva vizier. Zviri kwaari uye kuteerera Farao, vakuru madhipatimendi, ane guru tsvimbo hombe uye zviduku vakuru.

Pasi, akamhanya nomarhi. Vane simba isiyo, asi chete nyaya yake. In nomarhov rainge akaisa yagara muboka revatungamiriri. At yakadereresa dhigiri ino vakanga zvaiita matare vane selectable wadheni vakananga. Vaiva nebasa matare uye okutarisira zvekufamba, uyewo upfumi mabasa.

Kukura paruzhinji ukama

Funga, somunhu vakashanduka evanhu maumbirwo muIjipiti yekare munhoroondo yacho. Pakutanga, musikana rudzi raiva akapararira guta-inoti, mumwe akararama nemitemo yavo uye aiva mutongi wayo.

State panguva yokutanga umambo aiva rudzi worudzi kwomubatanidzwa. The Vagari nyika aiva akasununguka miduku yokuruwa, vakabatana munharaunda. Iye uye simba govera nyika kurimwa. Chikamu chinobva zvigadzirwa zvokurima kuti hurumende yakanga kubhadhara zvakakodzera.

Zvaive munguva Umambo Old pane mhosva iri muvanhu, unogovera kuva varanda uye vaiva nevaranda. The nemamiriro vanhu vekare Egyptian anova inhomogeneous: zvose kuona magariro uye pfuma ukama. Nechemberi vapristi waFarao. Ndizvo chete chinzvimbo chavo uye mukurumbira nevanhu Farao akarondedzera vesting simba risingaperi, equating kuti mwari.

Nguva Middle Kingdom kunoratidzwa kwete chete guru-pamwero kukura romuranda system (zvino kushandiswa varanda uye papurazi). Social mamiriro muIjipiti yekare iyi inozivikanwa nokuti nzanga iri kuwedzera stratified. Saka, pane nedzhesy, smallholders. Ivo, pamwe chete nevanyori, varimi uye vatengesi vanogara zvakawanda, asi vanhuwo zvavo uye vamwe ezasi akaturikidzana kashoma kuwana mari yezvokudya.

Hondo dzokukunda muUmambo New achinyanya sei kuwedzera neboka romuranda. All nyika chaicho basa neHurumende uye machechi. Naizvozvo, landlords vari kunyangarika seboka. Uye kushanda munyika evapristi haabvumirwi kusina kuripa muite nhengo dzekirasi ravo chete. Zvino vapristi - a namahwindo kirasi, umo unokwanisa kuwana bedzi kufanana musimboti.

General unhu vanhu vekare vekuIjipiti

Saka, kuita rokutanga mhedziso kuti chinzvimbo Murongerwo chiri muIjipiti yekare. Social maumbirwo awo ane zvinotevera zviri:

• Ini akamira musoro Farao, uyo airemekedzwa rouMwari.
• The chehurumende - munhu despotism, uye kunoratidzwa kuvaka yeIjipiti ushumiri mambo kuva chitendero zvechitendero.
• A rinokosha rakapiwa vapristi.
• The munzanga - kumaruwa kuti kuvimba nesimba pasi.
• A zvakajeka kirasi nokupesana.
• The Social mamiriro weIjipiti yekare hierarchical kuti kubva kwakakwirira kuderedza akaturikidzana riri sezvinotevera: Farao - vapristi dare vepamusorosoro - masoja - vanhuwo zvavo uye navapfuri vesimbi - varanda. Ekupedzisira vakanga vasingagoni upenyu paruzhinji chose, nekuti havana vaiona sevanhu, uye anonzi "vanhu." Taura nezvazvo pashure.
• The muboka revatungamiriri yakanga yakawanda, asi zvishoma vakakamura pabasa. Mumwe munhu aigona kuva mutoro vaitarira uye mashandiro, uye zvoupfumi, uye kunyange kuita zvimwe yezvechitendero.

WaFarao simba

Ikozvino ngatitaurei aparadzane pamusoro nerimwe munzanga boka. Ancient Egypt, mumagariro mamiriro hwakavakirwa despotism, vakatonga Farao. chitendero chake papi somunhu akaenzana vamwari. Saizvozvowo, vapristi yambokurukurwa ndeyokungoitawo kunamata chaiye mwari-mambo. Uye mazita vanaFarao dzinoratidza mavambo naMwari. Somuenzaniso, Amenhotep - "Amoni kunyarara" Thutmose - "Thoth vakaberekwa naMwari." VaIjipiti vekare vaidavira kuti zvirimwa, zvakanaka, kusavapo hondo kunobva mwari Farao.

Kuti mambo akanga chikuru muridzi wenyika yeEgipita, vaigona kupa kana ngavabude. In ake, nyaya simba, akagadza vakuru mukuru akanga dzichiitika.

Simba nhaka udangwe, nokuda Farao, asi mudzimai rekutanga hochekoche kwaari ropa (kazhinji chakaitika kunyange mhuri nehama nehanzvadzi) dzaiva mamwe madzimai nevarongo. Pane zvose zvaiva pamusoro akamira zvakaenzana. Asi zvakadini Nguva Troubles, apo mumwe chigaro chakatsiva mumwe? Pano, vapristi akawana "kururamiswa". Maererano nezvinodavirwa avaEgipita, ukama mukati mhuri naMwari hakuna kukwana, tichiri kuda huMwari yakawanikwa kuva mambo. Uye kuchinja Mudunhu mutongo. Uyezve, "pavanopinda Mwari" anogona kuitwa mugari wenhaka kwete chete, uyewo hanzvadzi, mudzimai uye nevamwe.

vapristi

Zvakakurukurwa evanhu mamiriro yeIjipiti yekare ndivo vakadaro kuti Farao, yayo yose simba zvemasanga, asingadi kukwanisa kutonga oga. Aivimba achinyanya vapristi, uyewo vakuru, vanokudzwa.

Chokutanga - the vanodzika mitemo mufambiro uye upenyu zvinangwa. Sezvo vapristi zvaiva mashandiro yokukurukurirana Society uye vanamwari, kuvateerera, kunyange vanaFarao. Get San mupristi akanga asina kudaro nyore: unofanira kunge refu uye zvakaoma kudzidza. With makore mana pamusaka ruzivo rakatanga chakasvitswa zvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi.

Institute of basa vanamwari yakazokudziridzwa chaizvo: vaNetinimi uye kushanda basa rokunyika, vachengeti vezvakavanzika uye manyoro, vaoni - vaturikiri yamarudzi ose nezviratidzo, uye kunyange nyanzvi.

Muchidimbu, vapristi chaizvo muupenyu nzanga yekare muIjipita. ruzivo rwavo pamusoro tsika, kuda vamwari, mushonga uye kunyange zvokurima uye mhuka minda, vakapfuura pasi chizvarwa nechizvarwa, vaiona chitsvene, chakavanzika kubvira munhuwo zvake mumugwagwa. Kusvikira ikozvino, Egyptologists, masayendisiti kuramba kuona chii vaitarisira nevafundisi.

vakakwirira

Social mamiriro yebudiriro yeIjipiti yekare, ayo muromo haringorevi upristi. Farao aivimba ake mudare vanokudzwa. Raiva vakakwirira, vaya chaizvoizvo aidzora mabhora ose oupenyu National. Chief pakati pavo aiva vizier, kana jati. Murume uyu akanga rwerudyi rwaFarao. Kazhinji, iye akasarudzwa kubva kutonga imba. Paiva zviitiko apo vizier kwakaitika nhengo vakakwirira, kwete ukama Farao - zvakaitika nguva vachinetesa kuvimbika nyika, vanonzi iitike.

Saka, chii mashandiro vakatumirwa kuti jati? Ancient Egypt zvose zvakanga chaizvoizvo mumaoko ake. Social mamiriro yakavakwa zvokuti vose vakuru, vakuru mapazi akasiyana, zviri vazvidavirire. Mukuwedzera, Vizier yaisangana:

• Financial madhipatimendi.
• Public mabasa (semuenzaniso, kudiridza).
• Akatonga upenyu guru uye aitarisira nayo.
• Aiva nebasa hondo.
• Iye kuenda dzeutongi.

The vamwe vakakwirira kuteerera Farao jati. Vaiva vakapfuma vanhu vakavaka pachavo pamakuva uye kurarama muumbozha mudzimba.

officialdom

Individual nzeve vanyori. Ivo vaiva soro vakakwirira uye vakanakidzwa ruremekedzo pahunosiya. Mostly vasina vanhu vaigara muIjipiti yekare. Social Chimiro Saka zvinoita kuziva vanyori kupatsanura niche.

vashandi ava havasi chete kunyorwa mirairo ake Farao, asi aizivawo kuti kuverenga huwandu mvura murwizi, kuongorora nemigumisiro iri chiitiko mafashamo, anozivikanwa reserves ari reservoirs. Vakanga kukosha mune zvokurima uye mombe maberekero. Pashure pezvose, chete kuverenga munhu anokwanisa kuongorora mushure mafashamo aNairi, chii chichava kukohwa, uye nhamba mhuka kana kubika waini. Vanyori vaiva nebasa rokuchera mitero.

Vakakumbira kubatsirwa kuumba tsamba (kusanganisira pachako Data), kunyora kunyengetera tsika.

Chii muboka revatungamiriri sezvo pasocial maumbirwo muIjipiti yekare? Muchidimbu tinogona kutaura izvi: ikakamukana maererano dzakatarisana. Nome mumwe mutariri weumwe munhu, izvo zvinozoita vakabvuma mumwe mutoro zvatichakurukura hwenyika.

mauto

A chirwirangwe simba raFarao, vaikudzwa uye vapristi vakakwanisa kusimbisa chete uto rehondo. Saka pane hondo.

Isa murwi munzanga yekare muIjipita waikudzwa kwazvo; vakanga misha yavo, pfuma, nyika. Chinhu bedzi havana kuraswa, - ndiwo upenyu hwangu. Pashure pezvose, nokuda chisarudzo pamusoro paFarao, kunotsigirwa vapristi, chero nguva aigona kukonzera hondo. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti muhondo varwi vakapinda kuvhima. Pashure pezvose, vanhu vanowana pfuma yavo somugumisiro hondo dzokukunda.

Varwi raishandiswa mhinduro yomunyika internecine kurwisana.

At yepamusoro ekare muEgipita, hondo vakaverenga vanhu 100 zviuru, rakanga akasimba munyika.

Varimi navapfuri vesimbi

The rakakura evanhu stratum muIjipiti yekare - vanhuwo zvavo. Akadyiswa kirasi pamusoro apa, uye muvatsvakire hwomutambarakede kuvapo. Pachavo sezvo varimi vasingagoni vanozvirova hwomutambarakede kuvapo. Zvakatopesana nyika makare haana pfuma yavo, ukuwo vakawanda chirimwa nezvipfuwo varimi yakwira. Varombo, vane nzara, vakatanga inowanzoshandiswa paruzhinji mabasa.

chete upenyu chaizvo waiva nyanzvi dzokugadzira vekare vokuIjipiti. Workshops apo vakaita chigadzirwa, hadzisi. A hondo-vanokudzwa sezvo rents kunhonga zvinenge zvigadzirwa zvose uye ipapo resold panguva inflated mitengo vachishandisa vanoshamwaridzana vatengesi uye vatengesi.

varanda

Asi zvikuru unenviable nzvimbo yaiva Chokwadi, varanda. Egypt - kwete chete rekare mamiriro enyika pamwe muranda hurongwa. Yaiva tsika panguva iyoyo evanhu marongerwo.

Varanda havana vaiona sevanhu, vaiva "vanhu", tengesa, kutenga uye muropa somunhu wokushamisira. Njodzi muranda ose mumaoko muranda-muridzi: aigona kuuraya, kuremadza. Zvino kutyora kodzero rakanga kupondwa mumwe muranda (ichi ndiro "kukuvadza" pfuma).

Weddings pakati varanda pamutemo kwaireva chinhu: murume nomudzimai nyore kuparadzana Somuenzaniso resell kune varidzi siyana.

Chokwadi, nyika yokumukira varanda. Saka, "kuonga" mumwe wavo vakashaisa kudzvinyirira yokupanduka kuti nyore kuwana vechiArabhu muArabhu.

Social zvinokonzera kuderera yebudiriro

Aongorora makirasi ose muIjipiti yekare, unogona kugadzira pachena mhedziso; pakati pavo pakanga pasina kubatana, asi nekusiyana - utsinye ruvengo uye ruvengo. Uye kupikiswa haringorevi yokufunga "varanda, vanhuwo zvavo -. Kuziva" Kupfuma, asi vakakwirira anoda simba uye otanga enyika mutambo pamusoro paFarao. Saka nguva dzose zvinoitika magariro evanhu pamwe vamanikidzi vavo uye vanodzvinyirirwa. Mubayiro kusakwana evanhu mamiriro muIjipiti yekare aiva kuderera yebudiriro.