British Labor Party: umbwa dzematongerwe, zvinonakidza zvinhu

UK Labor Party (LPV) mumwe maviri masimba enyika kuti chaizvoizvo vachirwira simba muna Albion. Kusiyana neumambo weConservative Party, reLabour Party vakanga pakutanga kupfuura achifunga mukuvandudza evanhu zvaanoda vayo. Nokuti kunzwisisa rakazara enyika pezvakaitwa muUK zvakakosha chaizvo kuti kujekesa basa sangano munzanga. Ngationei kuronda nhoroondo uye kukura iyi simba enyika, uyewo tsvaka dzematongerwe kwakazviisa ne Labor Party.

chidzoke

The Labor Party rakaumbwa muna 1900. Zvisinei, zita yepakutanga Zvaiita zvakafanana Labor Umiririri Committee. Kamwe yava papi pacharo somumiririri rwekuita mukirasi, yakabatana wesangano rinomirira sangano, uye akatsvaka kupindira mukurwa munodzora panguva iyoyo mapato muBritain - vaiomerera uye Liberal. Mumwe vatungamiriri sangano kubva pamazuva Ramsay MacDonald tanga akava kwayo pakuvambwa kwenyika. Ndiye hofisi yake yaiva mufurati. Other vatungamiriri kuzivikanwa vaiva Dzheyms Keyr Hardi, Arthur Henderson uye Dzhordzh Tsapi.

Muna 1906, sangano akawana zita rayo aripo, iyo iri Chirungu zvakanyorwa sezvo Labor Party, uye akashandurirwa Russian sezvo "Labor Party".

The mangwanani Danho okukura

Mune wokutanga sarudzo muna 1900, izvo zvaisanganisira zvikuru ichangobva akasika vebato gumi musarudzo kuna Paramende yeBritain akapfuura varume vaviri, uye kuti mari mushandirapamwe, pondo 33 chete.

Nechekare unotevera sarudzo muna 1906, nhamba vamiririri Labor Party mu Paramende yawedzera vanhu 27. Mutungamiri yeparamende webato raiva Dzheyms Hardi. Izvi zvaireva uye kurongwa utungamiriri ari mubato, somunhu yoga pambiru sezvo musoro Labor Party hakuna kusvikira 1922.

Sezvo ini ataurwa pamusoro apa, pakutanga reLabour Party muna UK vaiva mumvuri kuchinja uye sunungukei kumapati, iro akaedza kutiza. Zvisinei, pakutanga nokuti vashoma zvigaro mu Paramende, vakamanikidzwa pamwe navo pedyo worupo dzidziso. Izvi pedyo pamwe kuchapfuurira kusvikira 1916. Sezvinotarisirwa, tandem of Liberal Party akanzi basa kurei mukoma.

Pakati Hondo Yenyika I muna 1918, reLabour Party anofanira kuvawo pachako bumbiro uye chirongwa, aro akazova pokutangira zvinzvimbo nesangano iri huru enyika uye evanhu.

Mubato

Panguva World War First makanga mahwanda iri panhengo Liberal Party nebasa sangano vakatanga kuwana kuwedzera panguva nokuda kukura echimurenga ezvinhu Europe. Zvino British Labor Party akauya guru mutambo, sezvo enyika yoga simba.

Muna 1924 vakanga kekutanga munhoroondo kukwanisa vaumbe hurumende. The Labor Party haana kugamuchira Vazhinji reparamende, kunyange zvazvo zvakatora chinyorwa nhamba wevamiriri bato - 191 vanhu. Asi kukakavara pakati kuzvikudza uye liberals anobvumirwa navo kuumba cabinet. Saka zvakanzi wavhuna hegemony ari kuchinja uye sunungukei kumapati, urwo rwakatora emakore. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, huru vakwikwidzi vari kurwira simba akatanga Labor uye vaiomerera.

Mumiririri Labor Dzheyms Ramsey MacDonald akava Prime Minister of Great Britain.

Zvisinei, pakazopera gore hurumende Labor, nokuda kwokudzvinyirira uye chivande vaungana kuzorwa naro kuzvikudza uye liberals, akamanikidzwa kusiya. Kuwedzera, nokuda aibuda vakwikwidzi zvinopesana pamusoro sarudzo itsva Paramende Labor Party vakakundwa, uye uwandu vamiririri vayo wacho wakaderedzwa kusvika vanhu 151.

Asi ndiye wokutanga rinotevera Death Labor Cabinet chete.

hurumende Macdonald

sarudzo muna 1929 kare, reLabour Party kokutanga munhoroondo akunda kupfuura zvigaro mu muparamende (287 dzaitaura) uye awana kodzero kuzodzosera kuumba cabinet. Prime Minister of Great Britain aiva Dzheyms Makdonald zvakare. Asi nokuda akatevedzana enyika uye zvoupfumi kukundikana hurumende itsva paiva mahwanda iri Labor Party pachayo. Dzheyms Makdonald akaenda mumwe rapprochement pamwe vaiomerera kutsigirwa ane simba ari Paramende. Izvi zvakaita kuti chokwadi kuti muna 1931 akasiya bato, akasikwa zvinopesana nawo National Labor Organization, asi akaramba kubata pambiru wehurumende kusvikira 1935, apo nzvimbo iyi chikatsiviwa mumiririri kuzvikudza.

The itsva mutungamiri Labor Party aiva mumwe vanhu kamwe vamire kwakatangira wekufamba ichi - Arthur Henderson. Asi zvaparadzanisa ari mubato, uyewo enyika zvinonyadzisa zvakakonzera kuti munyika itsva sarudzo 1931 reparamende, izvozvo kwakakundikana, vane zvemitemo chiremera 52 mumiririri UK.

Attlee yaitonga

Nechekare kwegore sezvo mukuru webato Henderson akatsiva Dzhordzh Lensberi, uye mune mamwe makore matatu - Klement Ettli. mutungamiri iri Labor Party akambomisa pambiru kupfuura munhu asati kana kubva - makore 20. Attlee nguva kubvira 1935 kusvika 1955.

Mune kusarudzwa 1935 bato pasi utungamiriri hwake akagona yekudyidzana kuvandudza mashandiro ayo, ane mumiririri muParamende 154. Mushure yokusiya premiership kuchinja Chamberlain muna 1940, Attlee akakwanisa kupinda mumubatanidzwa hurumende kuti Winston Churchill.

The post-hondo Kugadzirwa APs

Nokuda Hondo Yenyika II, zvinotevera sarudzo yaiitwa chete mumakore 10 muna 1945. Shure kwavari, reLabour Party akawana chinyorwa pachake apo 393 zvigaro mu Paramende. mugumisiro ichi chakanga kupfuura zvinokwana paumbwe cabinet rinotungamirirwa Klementom Ettli, uyo akatsiviwa sezvo wehurumende weConservative Winston Churchill akarasikirwa pasarudzo. Labor aigona chete congratulated kubudirira ichi, sezvo kukunda kwavo panguva sechigaro kutekenyedzwa chaiyo.

Zvinofanira akati kuti yechitatu kuuya nesimba Labor Party yava zvikuru kupfuura mbiri yapfuura vaya. Kusiyana McDonald vake, Attlee akakwanisa kubata vanoverengeka mitemo inokosha munzanga hunhu, kuti nationalize zvimwe makambani makuru, kudzorera upfumi munyika, vanorohwa hondo. kubudirira Izvi zvakabatsira kuti chokwadi kuti sarudzo muna 1950 reLabour Party vaichengeta kukunda zvakare, kunyange panguva ino yakawanda mwero vakanga hunomirirwa Paramende - vanhu 315.

Zvisinei, Attlee Cabinet havana chete kukunda chete. A vakatadza Gwaro zvemari uye kuderedza pamusoro paundi zvakakonzera chokwadi kuti sarudzo unokosha 1951 yakanga akahwina nokuda vaiomerera rinotungamirirwa Winston Churchill. The Labor Party akagamuchira zvigaro 295 mu Paramende, kunyange zvazvo zvakanga zvakakwana kuramba kuchikosha simba pamusoro mitemo yacho, nokuti vaiomerera vaiva zvigaro nomwe chete zvakawanda.

New sarudzo muna 1955 akauya Labor Party kuwedzera peupenyu, nekuti migumisiro dzavo vakapiwa zvigaro 277 chete mu Paramende, asi vaiomerera akava hunogutsa chaizvo kukunda. Chiitiko ichi mumwe zvikonzero kuti mugore iroro Klement Ettli basa kubva guru nomutemo uye sezvo Labor mutungamiriri, akanga yakatsiviwa Hugh Gaitskell.

Nhau dzairamba webato

Zvisinei, Gaitskell uye vaisagona kuva vakakodzera yokutsiva Attlee. The Labor Party riri kuramba kurasikirwa mukurumbira wayo, sezvinoratidzwa kuderera nhamba yavo paramende mushure kusarudzwa 1959 kusvika 258 vanhu.

Muna 1963, pashure pokufa Gaitskell, reLabour mutungamiri Harold Wilson akava. Ane makore anodarika gumi nematatu sezvo musoro mubato. Nechekare kwegore pasi utungamiriri hwake Labor Party vakakunda pashure makore gumi nemana rotonhorera, pasarudzo yeparamende pamwe zvigaro 317, 13 kupfuura vaiomerera. Saka, Wilson akava wokutanga Labor Prime Minister Klementa Ettli mushure UK.

Zvisinei, hutungamiri Labor muna Paramende aiva shaky kuti haana kuvapa mukana kuziva matanho anokosha yepurogiramu. Izvi kumanikidzwa kutsigirwa 1966 imwe sarudzo chaiyo umo Labor Party wakunda mhoromhokwa wakakushwa zvigaro 364 mu Paramende, kureva 111 zvigaro kupfuura vaiomerera.

Asi nokuda mangwanani '70s, upfumi muUK akaratidza Statistical Nhamba dziri kure akanaka. Izvi zvakaita kuti chokwadi kuti sarudzo itsva muna 1970, kuzvikudza yakahwina zvinogutsa, kuhwina anopfuura 50% of zvigaro mu Paramende, uye Labor taigutsikana zvigaro 288 (43.1%). Sezvingatarisirwa, mhedzisiro zvabuda izvi kwaiva kusiya basa ose Harold Wilson.

Vaiomerera kwete maererano zvavaitarisira, uye panguva musarudzo muchirimo 1974 yakanga Zvisinei akahwina ne Labor Party,, pedyo sekero. Izvi kumanikidzwa matsutso chete gore kuti kuitisa chaiyo sarudzo, izvo kwakaguma Labor Party akahwina yakagadzikana ruzhinji. Wilson vakananga hurumende zvakare, asi kwete nokuda zvakajeka zvikonzero, muna 1976, akasiya. Akatsiviwa sezvo mutungamiri webato uye wehurumende cheya akanga Dzheyms Kallagan.

In nokupikiswa,

Zvisinei, zvinobatsira Callaghan vasingagoni kuenzaniswa Wilson kuti mukurumbira. The Kupwanya kukundwa of Labor Party mu sarudzo muna 1979 raiva semhedzisiro ichi. Nguva yacho weConservative Party, randakapiwa British kwakadaro kunoshamisa pasvikira kufanana Margaret Thatcher (Prime Minister ane makore anodarika 11 ari mumutsara) uye Dzhon Meydzhor. The hegemony of kuzvikudza muna paramende yakatora makore 18.

Panguva iyi, Labor yave kumanikidzwa kupinda kupikiswa. Callaghan mushure yokusiya pambiru mutungamiri vebato muna 1980, yakanga rinotungamirirwa naMikaeri Foot (1980-1983), Neil Kinnock (1983-1992) uye Dzhon Smit (1992-1994).

Labor itsva

Pakafa Dzhona Smita muna 1994 kubva May kusvika July ari kuita musoro bato rakanga Margaret Beckett, asi sarudzo mutungamiriri Labor Party aikunda vaduku uye chinzvimbo enyika Toni Bler, uyo panguva iyoyo akanga akazadzwa gore 31 chete. An chirongwa weekly chave Panovhurwa webato "mhepo rwechipiri." Nguva munhoroondo webato, uchitanga nesananguro Blair uye mutungamiri waro muna 2010, inonzi "New Labourism".

Pakati yepurogiramu "New Labor" raiva vanonzi nzira yechitatu, iyo akaiswa bato serimwe rinogona kutsiva capitalism uye gutsaruzhinji.

kutsiva of Labor

Sei kubudirira Zano akasarudzwa Toni Blerom, akaratidza sarudzo dzeparamende 1997, apo Labor Party kokutanga mumakore 18 akunda. Asi zvakanga kwete kukunda, asi vanyatsoparadzwa chaiye vaiomerera rinotungamirirwa John Major, mushure Labor Party vakakunda mamwe zvigaro 253. Uwandu vamiririri Labor Party mu Paramende aiva vanhu 418, izvo achiri hworugare chinyorwa bato. Toni Bler akava Prime Minister of Great Britain.

In sarudzo muna 2001 uye muna 2005 reLabour Party awane zvakare kukunda pamwe navanopinda mumucheto, uye mushoma ukuwo 413 uye 356 zvigaro mu Paramende. Asi pasinei zvinonakisa nemigumisiro yakanaka, zvinenge akaratidza chinokosha kuderera zvinobatsira APs pakati vavhoti. Izvi zviri diki kwazvo kuti pave vanotyaira vatorwa mutemo of Labor Party rinotungamirirwa Toni Blerom, akaratidza, kunyanya, ari kutsigira basa muchiuto zviri American Kupindira yokuIraq, uyewo kuita kuti kubhomba Yugoslavia.

Muna 2007, Toni Bler basa, uye sezvo mutungamiri webato uye wehurumende akatsiviwa ne Gordon Brown. Zvisinei, kutanga chaizvo musarudzo dzeparamende mushure yokurega pamusoro Blair, iyo yakaitika muna 2010, akava kukundwa nokuda Labor Party uye mukukunda pamusoro kuzvikudza, rinotungamirirwa David Cameron. mugumisiro ichi vakabatsira kuti Gordon Brown anenge asunungurwa kwete premiership, asi akasiya chinzvimbo mutungamiri webato.

modernity

In kurwira pambiru musoro Labor Party muna 2010 akanga vakakunda Ed Miliband. Asi kukundwa webato iri 2015 musarudzo dzeparamende, umo iye akaratidza kunyange zvishoma hunogutsa mugumisiro pane kokupedzisira, Mr Miliband akamanikidzwa kusiya.

Pari musoro APs ndiye Dzheremi Korbin, uyo, kusafanana Blair uye Brown, ndiye mumiririri rworuboshwe bapiro veboka. Panguva iyoyo, akanga aizivikanwawo ave anokumhan'arira of Iraq hondo.

Evolution of dzidziso

Munhau yacho, iyo dzematongerwe enyika Labor Party kwave kuchiita kuchinja. Pakutanga, zvakanga pfungwa basa uye wesangano rinomirira sangano, pamusoro nguva yakawanda uye zvimwe zvakawanda pamusoro capitalist okunze, nokudaro kutamira pedyo ideologically kwake aikwikwidza husingaperi - the weConservative Party. Zvisinei, zviri kubudirira pakati gutsaruzhinji munyika iri nguva dzose mune kukoshesa veboka. Kunyange zvakadaro, mashoko Union Labor bato pamwe vaKomonisiti uye rimwe divi rworuboshwe dzenzvimbo.

Kunopindirana Labor dzematongerwe anganzi mumagariro democratic.

tarisiro

Munyaya inotevera Labor Party urongwa kuti kukunda mune inotevera dzeparamende sarudzo raizoitirwa 2020. Chokwadi, kuti pave zvaizova zvakaoma, akapa kuitika kurasikirwa nesarudzo netsitsi kune pati, asi nguva achinje voter pfungwa zvakakwana.

Dzheremi Korbin anoronga kuti vavhoti nyasha nokudzoka kuruboshwe-bapiro dzematongerwe, waiva pakutanga kuri muna Labor Party.