Valeriya Novodvorskaya: chinokonzera rufu. Kubva chii uye kana iye akafa Valeriya Ilinichna Novodvorskaya?

Zvakaoma nharo kuti rufu Valerii Novodvorskoy, iyo yakaziviswa musi July 12, yave yekudyidzana achinja pakuenzanisa mauto enyika muna Russian Federation. Novodvorskaja akafa Moscow guta chipatara nhamba 13, takapoteredzwa vanachiremba. Kumurwira vasingagoni, kuzvimba kwabva kure, uye zera uye mararamiro haakonzeri muchikuvadza kuporeswa, izvo mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, varege kunge ngozi. Zvokufungidzira pamusoro chinoronga kubviswa ngozi enyika anokumhan'arira haana kuva mumwe. For shanduro idzi akanga asina chikonzero. Chinokonzera rufu pakaziviswa Valerii Novodvorskoy pakarepo. Chaiva rutsoka pute.

Gentle uye kushinga

Hongu, hazvina vaizviti kuva chinotungamirira nyeredzi, sokuti, zvikuru kugutsikana ane nzvimbo iyo runovimbisa rusununguko kuzivisa maonero avo pasina chero kuita. Zvisinei, kodzero yokuita kudaro zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti uwane, ndiwane kana vanotambura. Friends, pakati pavo vaiva Khakamada, Borovoy, Nemtsov, Ryzhkov nevamwe vamiririri political vepamusoro Yeltsin yaitonga, akaitumidza uchidanana nomudzimu yomwana, bessrebrenitsey, anoramba akatunhidzwa uye dzakaonda chaizvo murume, kwete kukanganwa chaiyo panotaurwa ushingi verging pamusoro kusangwarira. Other zvishoma ushamwari vanhu, Kufunga pamusoro wake antics, uzere kunokukura, kazhinji zvokufananidzira uye musoro, hazvina kunaka. Very gakava unhu raiva Novodvorskaja. Atongerwe rufu, Biography, ezvematongerwo enyika vachange zvishoma kurondedzerwa pazasi. Chero nokufungidzira, chete chokwadi. Uye zvishoma zvekungofungira.

USSR mukupera 60 wacho

Moscow yechipiri yezana sixties. Shure nhoroondo hafu remakore yeSoviet Union. In guru, ari hama zvinhu zvakawanda anodzima vachirwisa vaenzi, kutenga zvose, uye dzimwe nguva kucherechedzwa, nokuti chinhu akamira tambo yakareba kamwe chete panguva yemabhuku. Gone ndivo tsvuku kutya uye hondo ropa, uye Stalin vake vakawanda udzvanyiriri, uye voluntarism Nikita Sergeyevich. Nyika akatsiga, rakakamurwa "Mapato ose wedzerai", uye mumwe nomumwe vanhu ava anoshandiswa ukuru kugutsikana zvinodiwa, inosidzikwa kumusoro. Vanhu vanorarama chinyararire, uye aiva nomukurumbira "chivimbo mune ramangwana" - kwete mashoko chete, asi zvechokwadi. No urovha, asi pane chaicho sarudzo pakati vashomashoma muhoro injiniya kana mudzidzisi, uye yakakwirira mutero rate vavaki kana vashandi zvikuru unyanzvi. Daily chirongwa "Nguva" inodaro vachiwana uye mberi kufamba kune ramangwana yakajeka. Vazhinji vanodavira vatsoropodzi uye kunyarara. Uye yakaitwa zvose idyl ichi pakarepo kuonekwa vasingagutsikani. Chii chavari kuda? Ndivanaani? Sezvo vakasvika akadaro upenyu? Chii chavanoita kushaiwei?

vaitsoropodza

Vladimir Bukovsky, kuti dissident Soviet uyo akapedza nguva yakawanda unyanzvi muzvipatara. Kwete, akanga asina vakatambudzwa sarcoma kana dzimwe kurwara. Doctors akaedza kuita izvozvo "kuipa" (ndiko kuti, zvose wakaguta), saka pasi rokumanikidzirwa kunorapwa vepfungwa muzvipatara. Zvaidavirwa kuti kana munhu asingadi kuita gutsaruzhinji, chinhu mumusoro make hakusi zvose zvakanaka. In kururamisira Bukovsky pachake akabvuma kuti pakati vaitsoropodza zvechokwadi yaiva yakawanda anopenga. Panguva kwezana manonwe simba Communist Party zvaiita saka simba uye isingachinji kuti simuka naro munhu wose, ari kutonga, haana kuda. Uye nei? Zvisingatsungiririki upenyu zita reSoviet vanhu akanga asina, mamwe makomborero ruzhinji vagari USSR vasina kuona uye kana ruzivo nezve "paradhiso capitalist" uye seeped pasi "keteni simbi", iye kazhinji haaiti kunyanya kuvimba, muchitenda kuti kuwedzera kune zvakawanda mhando soseji, munewo vamwe mari. Nenzira iyi, ivo vakaita kare dzakaratidza, vakanga kurudyi.

Asi vaitsoropodza achiri vaiva. Ivo mungozi.

"Dzokumadokero" iri USSR

Russian munhu anopa categorical. Rinooneka kuziva yokunyanyisa pfungwa upi Chiitiko uye kutopedza kuzvidza zvenguva inoti. Kana nyika yedu kuti hazvina kudaro, sezvo tinoda, ipapo kunze kunyatsotaura zvakasiyana. In ezvinhu ose kukwana uye mumwe-mativi ruzivo pamusoro upenyu hwevanhu munyika dzokuMadokero Wapera zvizvarwa zviviri vanhu Soviet vanonyatsodavira kuti kana isu vanotsoropodza capitalism, zvinoreva kuti ndiye akakwana magariro. It pfungwa uye nehanya nevanhu, uye akanaka mari, uye zvakawanda zvinhu uye rusununguko wacho. Uye musoro chiedza locomotive simba ari pamberi United States. Kuvapo zvimwe nepfungwa mune imwe chikamu vanhu Soviet zvaireva kuva bato Nomenclature, pamwe chete KGB kana chete benzi. Kusagutsikana upenyu muSoviet Union zvose American anonzi zvakanaka, uye vose Soviet yakaipa. Kutaura zvazviri, chiitiko ichi chave girazi mufananidzo agitprop Soviet, chaizvo zvakasiyana. vanobatwa ake vanowanzobatwa vanhu vane kusagadzikana pfungwa. vamwe vose vakatsvaka kuti zvimwe kuchinja, achiziva dzimwe kusiyana yepamutemo enyika mutsetse, asi pakubvumawo kwavari somunhu zvakakodzera zvakaipa.

mhuri muti

Valeriya Novodvorskaya akafa pazera remakore makumi matanhatu nemana. Akaberekwa muna pozdnestalinskuyu nguva, muna 1950, mutaundi Baranovichi (Belarus). Mhuri yakanga isingori purogiramu, rinogona kunzi muenzaniso wakanaka. Vose vabereki - vaKomonisiti. Baba vaishanda somunhu injiniya. Mushure maviri kana matatu emakore, uyu ndiye chinhu chinokosha haana zvatakaona, asi muna 1950 kuvapo baba mupenyu pacharwo mufaro kuti havana kuziva vana vakawanda kwazvo Soviet. Makore mashanu apfuura akazopedzisira hondo reropa munhoroondo yenyika. Amai Valerie aiva chiremba.

Revolutionary majini vaingonyepedzera kuzadza musero rose nomuviri Valeria. Great-sekuru raiva Smolensk sotsdekom sekuru - wokutanga webhiza Army Budenny. Taiva mumhuri uye zvimwe vakakurumbira dzemitambo - gavhuna apo Andrew Kurbsky uye kunyange Knight cheMarita, dzinenge akati saka Novodvorskaja.

Mhuri nemudzimai akanga achishanyira vanasekuru kana kubereka kwakaitika. History yakanyarara pamusoro zvikonzero, asi zvakazoitika kuti dzidzo vasikana vaiita achinyanya mbuya. Vabereki sokuti kunge vakabatikana chaizvo.

kudzidza

Vanokura munhu munyika umo predominated zvachose collectivism, zvakanga zvakaoma chaizvo. Kunyange kutaura murume kunoshamisa, anenge ose wenhau ari kunyanya mwoyo ndechokuti "akanga akafanana vose". Haugari dzinoenderana chokwadi, asi mashoko rava bhindauko cliche. Zvose leitmotif upenyu uye kunyange kukonzera rufu Valerii Novodvorskoy vanoti kuti "akafanana vose" ndisingadi kuva mwana. Her rwokusarudza kuti vazive makore uye makore mashanu, mbuya vamudzidzisa kuverenga. Silver menduru kuwedzera chikoro dhipuroma rinoratidza chinhu yavo nesimba kuti kubvumirwa munhu kuburikidza nokubudirira kuti zvave iripo. Vachisimbisa mu French uye German, kukwanisa kuverenga mamwe mitauro inoverengeka - somugumisiro basa rakaoma. Haasi wose kudzidza rorusununguko mitauro yokumwe kunogona kuratidza ruzivo yakadaro.

kutanga kurwa

Tichitarisa mapikicha Valerii Novodvorskoy, yagadzirwa nineties uye mavambo ezana remakore rechitatu, zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti aiva musikana makore gumi namapfumbamwe okuberekwa akanaka, asi zviri zvechokwadi. Quality mifananidzo iri diki, asi kuti vachengetedzwe, zvinogona vatongwe kuti izvo vanotarisa kwete akanaka mudzidzi, munhu akachenjera uye akashinga. Personal runako, pachena, kune pamwero mukuru kwakaita kuti chokwadi kuti Valerie akanga kukwezva vanhu duku akasika pevhu denderedzwa, vanoshandira kuti - pasisina uye hapana zvishoma - kumukira nezvombo kupidigura hurumende yechiKomonisiti. Kana izvi zvakaitika makumi emakore asingasviki maviri apfuura, rufu akauya Novodvorskaia pakarepo, pashure muedzo pfupi. Muna 1969, simba Soviet wakanyanya kuda.

First upenzi

Namapfumbamwe yakanaka musikana vachipa kubva zvokukopa makopi pachake nhetembo dzake. "Sei akanaka!" - tingadai kutaura nhasi. Zvino, muna 1969, apo vadetembi vari zvifananidzo kuti kure nhasi ezvokunwa dombo nyeredzi, chokwadi chakanga hazvishamisi. Kana kwete zvinhu zviviri. Chekutanga, ivo nhetembo vakanga Anti-Soviet uye vakapiswa pati, vakaseka nekuda kwake ruvengo, nyadzi, okushora vamwe mushandi zvakavapo. Chechipiri, kuparadzira kwakaitika Kremlin Muzinda Congresses, uye neZuva remitemo USSR. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya Novodvorskaya kwete kusunga chete vakasagona. Zvino chero pfungwa kuti iye haasi chaizvo rinobudirira. Pashure iye akaudza vaainamata KGB konoro Duntsu, mukuru nyanzvi pakati Serbian Institute, kuti chaizvoizvo anoshanda kune Gestapo, nechirwere kwainzi yakasimbiswa.

Kunorapwa Kazan

Makore maviri, murwere aiitirwa panguva Kazan kuchipatara chepfungwa kubva paranoia uye schizophrenia (usimbe). Zviremera zvakanga mukana wose kuti kudzivirira kusunungurwa rayo kubva mujeri Somuenzaniso, kuziva chisingarapiki achirwara. Uye zvaibvira kungokonzera nacho vaneta. Kana kubatwa kuitira kuti musi worufu haana Novodvorskaia Papera Somuenzaniso, 1972. Shanduro iyi kana ukawana kupfuura utsinye yezvakaita dissident pakati yeutongi hwechiKomonisiti. Zvisinei, chokwadi, muri vakasindimara zvinhu.

Sezvo mugumo angasada Novodvorskaja iye akafira muchipatara chepfungwa. Iye vakapona. Kuti mashoko sei kuti kumanikidza kurapwa zvakamukanganisa, tinogona chete zvokufungidzira. Zvinozivikanwa chete kuti kurwa mweya haana kubvaruka.

Mushure kusunungurwa kubva kuchipatara chepfungwa (1972), makumi maviri Valery Ilinichna ipapo zvakare vakatora bhizimisi pamutemo. Iye akagovera akadhindwa kuzvidzora rakabudiswa zvinhu, uye panguva imwe chete aishanda ari pachipatara pacho vana mudzidzisi. Zvinonetsa hanya "of KGB vaurayi" akaita kuitwa pedagogical basa mupfungwa kurwara. Zvisinei, Novodvorskaja akashanda ikoko refu, makore maviri chete.

The intertemporal

Anotevera namashanu VI Novodvorskaja vakarwa chiKomonizimu vachishandisa nzira Bolshevik pachivande. Iye kudzidza kubva Moscow Pedagogical Institute. Krupskaya (1977), akawana basa sezvo mushanduri muna Medical Second. Uye regai kusiya kuedza kupidigura vaivengwa simba Soviet kuburikidza kumukira. It rave zvasungwa, vakasungwa vakabatwa. Three miedzo haana kuguma mujeri mujeri, rakarongwa mienzaniso yake uye Misangano mikuru vakaparadzirwa. Zvichida zvairatidzira pasi zvikuru udzvanyiriri uye Novodvorskaja kuvapo fines uye kurapwa. Panguva Gorbachev kwakaita nyungudika zvaiita anenge zvose, kunyange yakananga kutukwa purezidhendi uye Soviet Union mureza. Yatangwa Ukrainian chechi autocephalous iyo akaisa chinangwa mahwanda pamwe Chechi yeOrthodox, Novodvorskaja akabhabhatidzwa uye akava the parishioner of Ukrainian Orthodox Church Kiev Patriarchate. Waitira, sezviri pachena vari kutsutsumwa pamusoro neChechi yeOrthodox yokuRussia.

Poor pasina kurangwa?

Kusadiwa nezviremera kutukwa oppositionist. Haasi sezvo kukosha enyika rating, sezvo chokwadi yake mungozi nokuda mutongo vepamusoro. Kudivi rimwe, kunoita kuti upenyu vamwe kusanzwa, asi pane dzimwe - anopa pfungwa kuzvikoshesa. Kurwa musoro. Yerufu Valerii Novodvorskoy sezvo mutemo akanga asiri nevanovhota diki, uye kungoita pamaonero ezviremera. Mumakore achangopfuura, iye kazhinji akanyunyuta pamusoro yeredhiyo "Echo of Moscow" uye dzimwe nhau pamusoro asinganyatsonzwisisi dzakafara negurumwandira yakajeka zvinangwa kuzvitonga. In zvaaifunga, vanhu Russian havasi akura zvokukwanisa kunzwisisa rusununguko chairwo. Zvichakadaro iye akarota kuti muRussia yakanga "iri West." Novodvorskaja akafa, uye havana kurarama kusvikira aurayiwa wake kukosheswa chido.

Russophobia nezvimwe Funny Stuff

Sovietism yakatanga zvishoma nezvishoma vachipinda Russophobia. Mukurwisana zvose yomuka pamusoro post-Soviet nguva, Novodvorskaja akatora kapfungwa chinzvimbo, vachidzokorora zvakaitika iye vaivenga Bolsheviks panguva World War First.

Kuzivikanwa uye enyambo ezvinhu. Female enyika kamwe akamira pamwe placard pamusoro yaiva zvakanyorwa: "Imi mose muri mapenzi uye havasi kurapwa, I mumwe ndiri akangwara jasi chena vakamira akanaka", ipapo kupfeka t-shirt chete sirogani "Ko Russian ngaarege." Nenzira, mishonga hakufaniri mapenzi, uye varwere. Zvechokwadi ichi vanofanira kunge vakaziva Valeriya Novodvorskaya.

Yerufu - kusurukirwa

vaitsoropodza Soviet vaisagona kugunun'una pamusoro kushaya pfungwa chikamu wake ehurumende utano. Vakatsunga muchipatara mupfungwa, kunyange kana havadi.

Akafa nokuda kukodzera kurapwa nemunhu ndyaringo wematambudziko Novodvorskaja. Kwete, hakusi nepfungwa. Uye vanachiremba pano nazvo, kwavari rubatsiro haana kushanda kusvikira yokupedzisira. Zvino sei Novodvorskaja akafa, zvikuru prosaic. Valeria Ilinichna inenge mwedzi mitanhatu asati afa, akamanikidza gumbo rake. Akanga achiedza kuporesa pacharo, haana kuenda kwachiremba, paiva kuzvimba, iyo yakura sepsis, aizivikanwawo (kwokutanga, pamberi nguva dzakaitika pfuma) chepfu ropa. Izvi kusadiwa inozviitira Novodvorskaja zvose. Chinokonzera rufu hazviiti mune ano Metropolis. MuMoscow, pane zvokurapa masangano akawanda, izvo vaizokwanisa kubatsira nyanzvi. Uye vari nyore dunhu muchipatara chiremba kuti kuremekedza ronda zvose kuteerera, kana chete kuti vakatendeuka Novodvorskaja. , Chinokonzera rufu Zvisinei, kwete chete muna cellulitis, asiwo nyore dzevanhu kusurukirwa. Pakanga pasina munhu angadai akaramba parwendo kwachiremba zvaizochengetwa kumanikidzwa mukadzi chekutaura eccentric kupedza maawa mashoma pamusoro pacharo, kusvikira pakukuvadza mumwe dziite achidzivirira "kugumbuka" Russia Ukraine.

Vamwe vanozviti "vanobudirira entrepreneur" uye "inonyatsozivikanwa wezvematongerwe enyika," Konstantin Borovoy. About Novodvorskaia rufu uye mazuva okupedzisira yezvakaitika hwake, iye akaudza venhau, musakanganwa tsanangurai kuti musikana wake akagadza zvokudya, izvo iye asingagoni kumira. In Shanduro yake, iye ane mhosva afa, pamusoro sezvaiitwa vagari Odessa, vakapisa Mumba Trade Unions, riri mafaro shamwari vakataura mumhepo pamwe ichangopera njodzi.

Zvichida chikonzero rufu Valerii Novodvorskoy hakusi kuzvidza utano hwavo, zviri pacharo, muchiitiko ichi - kuferefeta. Ungangove, kuti dissident mwoyo kuona Kusabatsira uye irrelevance. Uye dzimwe nguva zvaiita kuti antics ake haasi kusimudzirwa sunungukei pfungwa, asi kutyiswa wake anokarirwa adopters.

World dzamadota yake.