Fish Sarimoni. Types Sarimoni uye tsananguro dzavo

mhuri Salmonidae ndivo hove chete ndiko suborder Salmoniformes. Hakuna mumwe munhu kanenge kamwe haana kuedza ndiro kana Chum Sarimoni, grayling uye Sarimoni. Asi Sarimoni hove kunoonekwa sechinhu delicacy pakati gourmets. Sezvo akakurumbira dzvuku caviar kunoongwa rose. Asi havasi vose vanoziva kuti pamazita vamiririri makatumidzwa imwe shoko "Sarimoni" rakanyatsojeka rakakura.

List wevamiriri Salmoniformes

mhuri iyi inoumbwa nevaya vamiririri Sarimoni sesalmon noruchinda, Rainbow uye grayling, kwaIsakari uye cisco, whitefish uye mashava Rainbow, Chinook uye coho, sockeye uye Chum Sarimoni uye muraraungu Rainbow. Kunyanya inozivikanwa nevakawanda Sarimoni uye Rainbow, unonzi hove pakubhadhara akawanda akasiyana. Mazita aya akafanana seboka.

Salmonid hove marudzi, pakarongwa iyo chinopiwa pano chokuita Freshwater uye anadromous, kureva kurarama mumakungwa, asi kuita kuti pave mu Freshwater nzizi vachimhanya. Dzimwe nguva nzira iyi youpenyu ndewe kwavari uye vavo vavaizobereka.

Hove mhuri iyi mhenyu dzinofamba mumakungwa - Pacific uye Atlantic, uyewo mvura yakachena nepakati uye kuchamhembe latitudes uye mvura Northern Hemisphere. Kudeuka rutoto pasi runoonekwa kuna Kamchatka.

Chinenge mhando dzose Sarimoni aikoshesa sezvokudya hove. Uye kugadzirwa wavo inoitwa kwete chete nokuda delicacy inonaka nyama uye zvinokosha; asiwo dzinodhura kwazvo caviar, riri rimwe delicacy. Ndokusaka vamwe salmonids ruchikonzera nhasi vava kuda kutsakatika. Dzimwe kunyange akanyorwa "Red Book" kuti kuvadzivirira.

Salmon keji - Salmon hove artificially akatunhidzwa uye kushandirwa. Uyewo, vamwe varimi hove akatunhidzwa Rainbow marudzi.

The chikuru parameters ari vamiririri Sarimoni

The muviri pakureba vamiririri Sarimoni ranged kubva kukura chaizvo duku masendimita mashomanana kuti mamita maviri. The duku vari whitefish, asi Sarimoni, Rainbow uye Chinook Sarimoni sezvo pakukura kusvika 70 makirogiramu yairema.

Kazhinji, upenyu hove idzi chete kwemakore 15. Asi dzimwe nguva pane wo centenarians vechokwadi. Somuenzaniso, zvakanga vakawana Rainbow - hove Sarimoni marudzi kuti akararama makore anopfuura 50 uye panguva kubatwa kuremerwa 105 makirogiramu! Uye kukura akapona zvakashamisa munhu wose: maviri nehafu metres dzakakwirira - kuti pakureba muviri wayo!

Kutarisika Salmoniformes

Representatives Salmoniformes mamiriro avo pedyo zvikuru Clupeiformes. Sezviri pachena, nguva refu uye vaiona hama dzavo dzepedyo yaiva yakakurumbira herring. Asi tichishandisa ichangopfuura, masayendisiti vanodzidza hove, zvakaratidza kuti ndiwo yakazvimirira bato. Nemhaka iyi zvakawanikwa, vakanga vari rimwe boka, iro tsime ainzi - Salmoniformes.

Muviri hove iri laterally compressed, elongated uye kumativi chikero akafukidzwa. Mune dzimwe mhando, chikero vane muzinga mucheto. Vazhinji Sarimoni kusiyaniswa pamberi makwapa mumuviri, imwe mhando nakrap. A nevamwe chinhu ariwo lateral mutsetse achimhanya achitevedza muviri.

zvimbi Salmoniformes

The pectoral zvimbi vari marudzi ose mhuri iyi vane spiny mwaranzi. Vane nizkosidyaschimi. Asi ventral zvimbi ndiyo mwaranzi matanhatu kana kupfuura.

Panewo imwe inonakidza chinokosha hove idzi. Izvi Somuenzaniso, dorsal zvimbi, kunoitika muna maviri Sarimoni. Mumwe wavo, chaiyo, ine mijenya chiedza. Zvino salmonids rine kubva 10 kusvika 16 mbeu, uye panguva hariusovyh - kubva 17 kusvika 24. Pashure ichi ndechimwe bezluchevoy zenze, unonzi mafuta. Riri zvakananga pakatarisana mumagaro zenze uye ndiye anozivikanwa kuchiitwa mhuri iyi hove.

mamiriro Salmoniformes

Panewo dzimwe kusiyana pakati nhengo dzemhuri iyi vamwe vose. Somuenzaniso, Sarimoni hove iri kushambira dundira, unobva yegurokuro inokosha gwara. The ura iri akashongedzerwa wayo pyloric zvinoshandiswa dzakawanda. Muromo nehove Sarimoni mhuri pamusoro iri bordered zviviri zviviri mapfupa anonzi premaxillary uye maxillary.

An dzinonakidza chinhu zvakasiyana vakadzi vasina wokugaya oviducts, kwamakadarika panguva ichiibvira mazai kubva ovary pakarepo rikawira zvakananga kuva muviri mhango.

Fish Sarimoni kushamiswa chokwadi kuti zviri pamberi segirazi kukotsira. Uyewo, Salmoniformes vakawanda kusvikira rufu hakuiti chose ossified marangwanda. Somuenzaniso, substantially dehenya zvose une shwashwa uye divi mapazi asina incremented kune vertebral miviri.

Poaching kunouraya vana Sarimoni

Panguva zviri kukonzera zvakawanda raidudzwa, uye zvimwe zviri mhuri iyi hove. Chokwadi chokuti izvi rinowanikwa chete nemvura yakachena. Naizvozvo, nehove dzinotama kurarama munyanza nemakungwa, apo mvura wakawanda, zviri kukonzera nechokumusoro kwerwizi kuwedzera nenzizi nehova. Lake Salmoniformes zvakare akadzokera kunzvimbo vakaberekerwa pachavo.

Kuchine zvakawanda hypotheses kuti nei kana sei hove vanofanira kuenda zviri kukonzera pasi ndiyo nzvimbo yake yaakaberekerwa. Asi kunze kwemutemo musaputsa musoro wangu pamusoro mubvunzo uyu. Vari kushandisa chokwadi ichi tsitsi vanoparadza doroguschy kuwanda hove, vakagadzirira kubereka zvisingaverengeki nevazukuru. On panzira zviri kukonzera nzvimbo iri mambure, akashandisa putika package. Somugumisiro, chiedza hariwaniki guru uwandu Sarimoni.

Vanoita nenzira yakafanana kwemutemo kwete bedzi nokuti kuenda zviri kukonzera hove zviri nyore chaizvo kuti abate. The mubvunzo achiri zvakare hunogara nezvokuti vasati zviri kukonzera Sarimoni ari yomukati metamorphosis. Somuenzaniso, ivo yazova nomudumbu, chiropa uye ura, nyama anorasikirwa ayo elasticity uye mafuta kugutsikana, izvo sezvingatarisirwa hunobata manakiro chigadzirwa.

zviri kukonzera Sarimoni

Sezvatotaurwa, munguva asati maberekero zvikuru akachinjwa nehove Sarimoni mhuri. Kuwedzera kufirwa palatability nyama, ivo tinoshandurirwa uye externally: muviri anorasikirwa sirivha dzayo, ruvara Chinowedzera Kujeka, aonekwa muviri tsvuku uye dema makwapa, zvinova yepamusorosoro. Avarume mamwe marudzi ave humps, uye kuti akanga kuonekwa zita rimwe mhando - Sarimoni.

Shaya kuchinja salmonids: okumusoro Bends pasi, uye pasi, nekusiyana, kumusoro, kuwedzera kukura kwemeno.

Fish Sarimoni mukono munguva zviri kukonzera mwaka inowana rakajeka muchato zvipfeko. subspecies mumwe uye dzakasiyana-siyana anotarira panguva ino zvakasiyana.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti vazhinji anadromous Sarimoni pashure zviri kukonzera afa. mugumo kwakadaro kuchaitika Pacific Sarimoni, sockeye, pink Sarimoni nevamwe vashomanana. Asi pakati vanhu venyika Atlantic, zvikurukuru Sarimoni, vamwe vanhu vanokwanisa kugara mupenyu. Paiva zviitiko apo zviri kukonzera hove pane imwe yakaitika nguva mana, uye kamwe kunyange kuverengerwa chinyorwa - Salmon akauya vabereke vana kechishanu!

Rainbow

Zvikuru hombe mazita vamiririri salmonids. Siyana kwemarudzi chitarisiko chavo, uyewo nzvimbo. Mumwe muenzaniso uri Rainbow - Sarimoni mhuri. Pamwe haisi imwe mhando, uye seboka zita vashoma. In chitarisiko, kwete munhu wose anogona kuona chaiyo vanhu kuva imwe marudzi. Asi nyanzvi kusiyanisa Alpine uye vaPresbyterian, European uye American, rwizi uye gungwa, uyewo muraraungu Rainbow. Vose vamiririri kwemarudzi iyi hove akanaka chaizvo.

Achitaura pamusoro muraraungu Rainbow, tisingatauri ayo zvakanakira pamusoro mamwe marudzi ose. hove ichi vane mwero ndiko inonaka chaizvo, uye kunze, uye yakanaka kwazvo. zita rake akazviratidza kunokwana yakajeka muviri ruvara kuti shimmers muchiedza vose mavara ose muraraungu.

Rainbow ane yezvokutengeserana kukosha, sezvo yakabudirira akatunhidzwa artificially okuvhimisa uye zvokudya. Vamwe maresitorendi kupa gourmets vanosarudza hove vanogara chaiyo chakagadzirwa reservoirs kuti kubata mambure kubika uye kubika pamwe mutengi. Ruchikonzera Rainbow kunze Rainbow marudzi zvinosanganisira Rainbow uye kwaIsakari iri.

Chinook

This Salmoniformes mumiririri spawns kunyanya Koryak Upland, Kamchatka uye Mutungamiriri Islands. Chinook Sarimoni - rimwe remasangano Sarimoni ari Pacific Ocean, uyewo vakawanda guru Freshwater hove kuchamhembe. Vamwe specimens tisvike huremu matanhatu makirogiramu ane kureba muviri akaenzana anenge mumwe nehafu mamita. Chinook siyana ruvara kusvibisa: mavara diki uye Dots vakapararira pamusoro musoro, dorsal zenze uye muswe uye pamwe rokumusoro hafu muviri.

imbwa-Sarimoni

Munenge zvose salmonid mhando hove, mufananidzo iyo dzinoturwa munyaya ino mavara ari mumuviri uye zvimbi. Asi there chum chinosiyanisa kusavapo kwavo zvizere. Kazhinji anogona kuonekwa simba zviratidzo muchato zvipfeko. Kazhinji ichi ndicho grayish blue mitsetse kuti vanomhanya mhiri mutumbi.

Panguva zviri kukonzera Chum zvikuru kusiyaniswa kubva marudzi ose Sarimoni. Izvi nokuti muviri wake yakashongedzwa muchinjikwa red-rikasviba mitema mitsetse. A mukono Chum zvakashamisa mazino ake akakura kuti vari kushingaira kukura munguva iyi kuitira kuti havafaniri kunyange kukwanisa kuvhara muromo wako.

dzvuku Sarimoni

Zita The chechipiri mumiririri uyu Sarimoni - red hove, nekuti nyama haina Pink mairi, kufanana nedzimwe nhengo dzose Sarimoni, uye kusimba tsvuku. Hongu, uye panguva maberekero mwaka, mhando iyi Sarimoni ane rakasiyana coloring: musoro mutema achipinda dzvuku muviri.

Asati zviri kukonzera, hadzi anovaka dendere vana vake vomunguva yemberi. It nesimba kunoita zvimbi pamusoro hurungudo pasi, kugeza kure jecha rakanaka uye silt. Zvadaro inongorira tsvuku Sarimoni caviar, izvo, zvichienderana ambient tembiricha hwapedyo kubva 50 kusvika 150 mazuva. Kuti apedzise resorption pakati riye mazana kuramba amai-akavaka munhukadzi matendere.

grayling

Uyu ndiwo mumwe vamiririri salmonids akanaka kwazvo. Iye monochrome rima pfumbu shure uye mativi, dzimwe mhando vane mavara matema-siyana uye hukuru. Siberian uye zholtopyatnisty, Amur, uye Lower Amur uye Baikal grayling kusiyaniswa kuvapo hombe yakatsvukuruka makwapa kumativi mudumbu. Pelvic zvimbi vari yakashongedzwa neshamhu matsvuku-mashava. Izvi njanji mavara unokandirwa dzepepuru hues. Bright maroon muswe uye neshure zvimbi grayling kwakakwana mufananidzo uyu akanaka murume.

whitefish

Izvi mhando Sarimoni anonzi polymorphic sezvo anosimbisa pfungwa zvinhu dzakananga kuti maonero ichi, zvakaoma. Zvichida kucherechedza kushayikwa mazino uye kuvapo rezasi mhango. Dzimwe dzinogona kuonekwa raidudzwa rylnuyu nzvimbo. Pakati Sarimoni iri mhando dzinosanganisira yakanakisisa vamiririri.

Muviri urefu whitefish kunogona kuva masendimita 10 kuti zviduku rudzi 60 masendimita - takawanda. Upenyu hove izvi zvinogona kusvika makore 20, asi ukabata ndivo rakajairika specimens kubva 7 kusvika 10 makore. Semianadromous uye nyanza whitefish dzimwe nguva vachikura 68 masendimita pakureba uye anogona nokuyera kusvika 2kg. The guru munhu izvo akakwanisa kubata, aiva murwi kg 12.

Taura pamusoro Sarimoni zvinogona haaperi - kwazvo zvinoshamisa uye zvinofadza nezvinhu chokuita nemhuri iyi hove.