Hanseatic League. The zvokutengeserana wokutanga uye mubatanidzwa zvoupfumi munhoroondo Europe

Munyika yanhasi Germany, pane chiratidzo chinokosha enhoroondo kusiyana, uchapupu kuti maguta manomwe hurumende ndiyo zvaichengeta vetsika chisingawanzowaniki munhoroondo yenguva refu, kungoreva zvinobatsira uye nokuzvidira mubatanidzwa. chiratidzo ichi - Latin tsamba H. Zvinoreva kuti guta, unotanga kuti tsamba rezinesi ndiro, vaiva chikamu Hanseatic League. HB tsamba pamusoro rezinesi ndiro anofanira kuverengwa se Hansestadt Valenza - «Hanseatic City Valenza», HL -. «Hanseatic guta muLübeck" Tsamba H iri varipowo mukamuri motokari vakasununguka maguta kuHamburg, Greifswald, Stralsund, Rostock uye Wismar, kutamba Ages Hanse rinokosha.

Hansa - nharaunda iyi, umo mune XIII - XVII emakore maguta vakabatana wakasununguka German kudzivirira vatengesi uye kutengeserana kubva pasimba feudal madzishe, uyewo nokuda pamwe yokurwisana Pirates. Kusanganisa zvaisanganisira guta iro rakagara pasi burghers - vagari akasununguka, ivo, kusafanana vanotongwa madzimambo uye feudal madzishe, pasi nemitemo "kodzero dzomumaguta" (muLübeck, muMagdeburg). The Hanseatic League ari siyana nguva ivepo zvaisanganisira maguta 200, kusanganisira Berlin uye Dorpat (Tartu), Danzig (Flughafen) uye Cologne, Königsberg (Kaliningrad) uye Riga. Kutanga fanira Vatengesi vose mitemo uye mitemo muLübeck, yazova chikuru muzinda zvahwaiita mugungwa vagotengeseranamo mudziyo wokushambidzira pakati North uye reBaltic Seas, nguva dzose kuenda reCongress vechikamu mubatanidzwa. Mune mamwe maguta European, havasi nhengo Hanseatic League, kwaiva "mahofisi" - mapazi uye mumiririri dzemapazi Hanseatic League, akadzivirira neropafadzo pamusoro encroachments amachinda vemo uye makanzuru. The "hofisi" kupfuura riri muLondon, Bruges, Bergen uye Novgorod. Kazhinji, "matare German" aiva nechiteshi chengarava dzavo uye dzokuchengetera, uye vaiva asingachaiti dzakawanda Tangai uye mitero.

Maererano nedzimwe venhoroondo ano, zviitiko, akatanga kugadzwa wesangano rinomirira dzinofanira kuonekwa sezvo nheyo muLübeck muna 1159 ari Hanseatic League aiva isingawanzowanikwi muenzaniso nokuwadzana, umo zvose mapato kushanda kune chimwe chinangwa - kukura dzaishandiswa ukama. Nokuda vatengesi kumaodzanyemba uye kumavirazuva kondinendi German vakagamuchira zvinhu kubva Eastern uye Northern Europe: matanda, furs, uchi, wakisi, rye. CPSB (sailboats), vakaremedzwa nomunyu, nomucheka uye waini vari negwara. Muzana XV remakore Hanseatic League vakatanga kutambura kukundwa pashure kukundwa norudzi-mamiriro, kunenge zvichiitika munharaunda yayo ezvoupfumi zvido: England, Netherlands, ari Muscovite mamiriro, Denmark uye Poland. Vatongi vemarudzi kuwedzera simba aisada kurasikirwa kwemari kubva kunze kwenyika, saka, Kwakabvisa Hanseatic dzaishandiswa matare. Kunyange zvakadaro, mashoko Hansa akavapo kusvikira XVII remakore. Most nemishonga nhengo mubatanidzwa vakatosikwa emauto akadzingwa mabasa muLübeck - chiratidzo simba vatengesi German, Valenza uye Hamburg. Maguta aya muna 1630 vakapinda-nzira nhatu mubatanidzwa. Hanseatic zvokutengeserana chirwirangwe vakadonha mushure 1669. Yakanga muLübeck chokupedzisira Congress, iyo yakava chiitiko chokupedzisira munhoroondo yacho Hanseatic League.

Kuongororwa zvakaitika rokutanga munhoroondo Europe zvoupfumi uye zvokutengeserana sangano, ayo kubudirira uye miscalculations dzinonakidza nokuda dzekare uye kuti vanamuzvinabhizimisi ano uye vezvematongerwo enyika vane pfungwa vakabatikana nezvinhu European kusangana nyaya.