Perestroika muna USSR. policies ayo uye zvikonzero

Perestroika muSoviet Union - mutsva nzira webato utungamiri, izvo Kunoonekwa nokuva yakatarwa kwezvoupfumi uye kuchinja kwezvematongerwe enyika kwakaitika muSoviet Union kubvira 1985 kusvika 1992.

The chikuru initiator yokuchinja Data raiva Mihail Sergeevich Gorbachev, uyo panguva iyoyo akabata pambiru General Secretary of CPSU. Maererano naye, kugadzirisa mutemo vakangoerekana vatsamwirana uye vachinje. Vakaita sei zvinenge mabhora ose oupenyu revanhukadzi yeSoviet.

Zvinokonzera perestroika muna USSR zvaive tsamwa. Management anodavira kuti kurega kunotanga kukura ehurumende kunoenderana ane yechinyakare chehurumende, vakakoniwa kusangana nguva itsva. Naizvozvo, muna 1987 panguva plenum reCentral Committee of CPSU, kwakasarudzwa kuzivisa kugadzirisa hapana anopfuura mirayiridzo zvachose itsva vapenyu iri munharaunda yacho uye vanhu kukura.

Vezvenhau vanoti kugadzirisa Soviet Union yakakamurwa muzvikamu zvitatu.

Yokutanga nguva pakataurwa kuziva vanhu kuti kuitika nomutemo haagoni varambe vachifambirana nguva, uye vaizongoguma kutungamirira kuparara Soviet Union. Uyewo, panguva ino, Gorbachev akapedza makambani akawanda akakura, dzakanga zvainanga noWokumusoro kumunetsa kuti zviri muvanhu. Saka akatanga imwe hondo rakashama rokuraradza, vanhu akabudirira. Mukuwedzera, hurumende yaiitisa anoverengeka neuwori matanho, ane chinangwa chaiva kutyisidzira vanhu vakajaira chiokomuhomwe.

Tingati danho ichi kwakabatsira. Zvino machinda mazhinji vakatanga kunyatsoteerera mabasa avo, izvo zvakazoita vasanyanye uori nhamba.

In danho rechipiri iri kugadzirisa Soviet Union kuzonzi mugovanisi mweya. Vanhu vazhinji aifarira zvokuchinja nokuti aiudzwa kuti democratic kosi. Saka, kubva panguva iyoyo, kuderedza zvinodiwa pamusoro kusenza. mbirikira rave richiziviswa munyika. A private zvebhizimisi akanga pamutemo yasimbiswa nemurairo. Uyewo, vanhu vaifara nezvinotaura zvino Soviet Union akabva zvematongerwe enyika pakavanda mukupesana dzimwe nyika uye marudzi. Zvino Soviet Union aida kuti pedyo West, kuvandudza zvokutengeserana uye mamiriro ezveupfumi uye kubvumira vagari ayo pasina dambudziko yakawandisa kuenda kunze kwenguva pfupi, uye kuti zvachose dzokugara. Asi apo vanhu vashoma vanoda kusiya nyika yavo nokusingaperi, nekuti ikozvino munharaunda vanodavira ramangwana rinofadza panyika yavo.

Mugore rechitatu padariro iyi, sezvo perestroika muna USSR, inova acutely kumubvunzo zvinopesana utongi hwechiKomonisiti matsva democratic mutemo wenyika, uyo akagamuchira zvakawanda kutsigira pakati vanhuwo Soviet. Uyewo panguva iyi isu vakabuda zvose yakavigwa pasi mukuru euphoria dambudziko. The zvoupfumi kwakaratidzwa yokushomeka kwenhumbi munyika, izvo zvakaita kuti mwoyo yevanhu, nokuti hapana aida kumira pamwe nekurutsa kwenguva refu.

Nokuda kwaizvozvi, vanhu havachaoni kuvimba machinda ehurumende, uye kuchinja mitemo munyika dzakawanda mwoyo. Nyika vakabudirira nemasangano aitsigira kuramba chero pfungwa dzataurwa yavabati. Vanhu, nekusiyana, akabvunza sapakuparadzwa hurumende. Sezvinotarisirwa, zvine musoro mugumisiro izvi raiva dambudziko uye liquidation of Communist Party zviremera munyika. Pakarepo mushure chiitiko ichi uye kwakakwana pokuwa USSR. Zvino Hurumende inonzi Soviet Union hariko.

Ngatitii panguva vanhu uye akafadzwa chijana ichi zvinhu, asi kuwedzera kunzwa maonero musi kuti mumazuva iwayo nani. Uyewo, Kishi nyika pamwe nesarudzo nerimwe, kuwana rutsigiro kubva kuvanhu vawane Communist Party.