Turkmens reSiriya - vanoita? Vane divi vari kurwisa muSiriya Turkmens?

Kuvapo vanhu dzakadai Turkmens reSiriya vanofarira ari zviitiko muSiriya vakakwanisa kudzidza chete yapfuura, mushure Russian bhomba akapfurwa pasi pedyo nomuganhu wokuTurkey. Vezvikepe, vakakwanisa catapult ndokupfura mudenga. Mumwe wavo akaurayiwa, njodzi mamwe mashoko yechipiri yakanga dzinopesana nguva. ReSiriya Turkmen, vachiridzira muna Russian, akati kuti vauraya vose vezvikepe. Gare gare, kubvira yakavimbika, yakasvika pakuzivikanwa kuti co-mutyairi akanunurwa uye akatorwa panguva kutsvaka uye kununura oparesheni.

Ndivanaani Turkmens muSiriya? Chii nzvimbo inogarwa muhondo ano?

Kana yakawanda yokunyatsoongorora nhoroondo ...

The kutaurwa pakuonekwa Turkmens munzvimbo uye Oguz marudzi wokutanga ndezvaJehovha IX remakore. Kumboda kugarwa sredneaziyskimi vanhu kuMiddle East uye Asia Minor nyika kunotangira XI remakore, kana achibatsirwa iri Turkish anopamba Seljuks akasimbisa ushe hwavo pano. Under yakakuwandira of Mongol Seljuk Empire yakadhirika. Paitonga pakati kuvaOttoman (kubvira XIV remakore kusvika 1922) muSiriya Turkmens pamusoro ano nyika weSiria (Aleppo, Hama, Latakia, Homs, Tartus, Idlib, Dzharablus) kudzivirira Mapilgrim, maererano canons ari vaMuslim zvegore Hajj. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, vakawanda vamiririri vanhu vaigara munzvimbo iyi.

Munguva French basa, vamwe vakatamira kuDhamasiko.

tsanga yokusagutsikana

Pamberi hondo, ivo Turkmens yaigadziriswa ingangoita-wechitanhatu mundima weSiria. Maererano nokufungidzira siyana, nokuwanda - vanenge 3 nehafu mamiriyoni, iyo hafu yemiriyoni vanotaura mutauro waamai. Chitendero ruzhinji - the Sunnis (kupfuura dzakawanda nebazi chiIslam), pane pamwe Alawites (kumwe enigmatic yechitendero Islamic masangano).

Kunyanya vamiririri vanhu mubasa shangu mubhizimisi, zvavanazvo zviri mafekitari muguta Aleppo, vashandi makambani aya uyewo Turkmens. Kune pakati pavo enyika, tsika dzemitambo, zvechiuto uye masayendisiti (zvikurukuru, yaimbova reSiriya Defence Minister Hassan al-Turkmani).

Mumakore 30 nokuda hurumende reSiriya kunze mutemo kuitwa pakati vamiririri vanhu vave kunyimwa kodzero dzakawanda. Vakanga vasingagoni utaurewo makirabhu uye mapati. Vakarambidzwa kutaura, kubudisa mabhuku, kudzidza mutauro wavo waamai.

Kusvikira imwe nguva mumusasa sevanhu vakuru kusagutsikana nehurumende ano.

Izvozvo pashure chikuru kunetsana?

Pakati 2006 uye 2011 kupfuura hafu muSiriya nyika vachiita kwemvura. Kusaita zvinhu nomazvo zvoupfumi mutemo kwakakonzera masango munyika, kuparadzwa zvirimwa uye zvipfuwo. Maererano UN uye Red Cross muna 2010 maererano gore, vanenge mamiriyoni vanhu vatarisana nenzara.

Vokumaruwa ndiyo gobvu Exodus kumaguta. Muguta Aleppo muna 2011, paiva 200,000 vapoteri. Urovha aiva 20%. Mauto enyika kuti havabvumirani nehurumende, yave kurambidzwa.

Anoda kuitwa mumagariro chete zvinogadzirisa, mapoka Sunnis, Alawites, Kurds uye vaKristu ethno-confessional vakaungana uye vakasimuka kurwa.

Zvinokonzera kuputika

Sources vanoti chikuru chikonzero kutanga reArab Spring kuibva uye hombodo kuburikidza pute vanhu kusagutsikana anomanikidza nokutonga purezidhendi incumbent, uori mune rokumusoro echelons simba, zvitendero kusembura nokupokanidzana uye zvichingodaro. N.

Maererano vezvematongerwo enyika, dzomunyika matambudziko reSiriya akaratidza yakaorera pokutangira fomenting kwokunze kunetsana.

"Moto kuti tambo" uye akariisa panze.

Sezvo venhau The Wall Street Journal Nour Malas uye Carol Lee, kwemakore anoverengeka, vamiririri US Kutarisirwa akabata muchivande hurukuro pamwe vashandi Vehurumende midziyo nokuda reSiriya vanhu muchiuto vagadzirira kusimudzira zvemauto akabvuta chigaro uye yokudzingwa munyika pari purezidhendi Board.

Chronicle kuti kuratidzira

A mwedzi pamberi bongozozo (kuguma January 2011), hurumende sangano "chimurenga reSiriya" akaita mu "Facebook" kudana nokuda kwebope kurwisa hurumende Bashar al-Assad.

Pakutanga, mienzaniso Anti hurumende vakanga ichiparara, kusvikira mukanyiwa Misangano mikuru kuti kwakatanga musi March 15 Darayya. The kumukira kwakanga kwakaita chiitiko Tunisia uye neIjipiti. Nokukurumidza pashure okutsutsumwa ikava munyika yakazara pamwero pamhirizhonga iyoyo.

Against vapanduki muAtlantic matangi, kunyanya mu evapanduki dzoga yakagurwa mvura nemagetsi, kuchengeteka mauto yakatora vanhu vake zvokudya uye furawa.

Vehurumende vakanga vakakomba guta Darayya, Aleppo, Hama Duma, Homs, Latakia nevamwe. Varwi vairamba moto pamusoro vanhuwo zvavo, vakapfurwa pakarepo.

Vapanduki uye defectors kubva kuhondo vakaumba mapoka kurwa, vakanga yakatanga zvombo kurwisa hondo hurumende. Saka akasikwa Free reSiriya Army. Munyika, akatanga musazonetsanazve chisimba.

The panova zvechisimba

Zviremera akapindura utsinye kudzvinyirira mhirizhonga munyika shirilis nerunyerekupe utsinye zviumbu hondo dzose pachinhu vanogara mumaguta vakapanduka.

EU zvirango vakanga rinorambidzwa pamusoro weSiria. Asi panova makakatanwa Rawedzera, nhamba yevanhu yakawedzera.

Pakutanga kwezana 2011-2012, hurumende anotanga kushandisa atirari uye matangi pamusoro pavanhu vanopandukira. December 26 muna Homs Matangi airamba ari mudzimba.

Mune dzimwe rinoti, ndivo okutsutsumwa pamusoro Assad hurumende, vadzidzi vanoita vachiurayiwa munyika nevamiririri venyika reSiriya. The US uye UK uye dzinodzora nhume kubva kuDhamasiko.

Muna April 2012, Assad oedza kugadzirisa murunyararo kurwisana. The nyika akazivisa munhu chibvumirano, gamuchirai UN monitors.

Kokutanga muupenyu hafu yezana remakore muSiriya akawanda sarudzo inoitwa umo vakakunda bloc "National Unity" (Baath Party).

Pasinei akataura runyararo, vakazvigadzirira kurwa.

Kubatanidzwa kupikiswa dzimwe nyika

Pavanotaurirana yaisanganisira zvimwe inoti: pane mari uye kunorwa vapanduki muSiriya mafuta monarchies kwePersian Gulf. Iran anodzivirira hurumende reSiriya. Russian Federation unokupai kuzvidzivirira zvombo Assad.

Muzhizha ra2012 muna rakavhurika kurwisana anopinda Turkey: June 22 akapfura pasi munhu Turkish murwi ndege pamusoro ndima reSiriya.

The UN uye Red Cross rave pamutemo mukakavadzane veSiria yehondo.

Batsirai Russian

Muna March 2015, mauto Anti hurumende, mumwe pashure mumwe kudzora maguta muSiriya. The atora Palmyra LIH vakaita vakawanda vaiurayiwa, kugova pamwe 400-450 vanhuwo zvavo, varwi uye hurumende rutsigiro (kunyanya vakadzi).

Mushure LIH yezhizha 2015 mabasa Al Hasaka dzakamanikidzwa kubva 60 zviuru. Zvavo.

Nokukurumidza, nhamba vapoteri, maererano UN nokufungidzira, kwakasvika 200 zviuru.

Muzhizha ra2015 United States awana uchapupu pamwe Turkish vakuru pamwe LIH.

Muna September LIH akatsiva zvachose Assad mauto kubva Idlib mudunhu, vakabata okupedzisira mafuta munda ( "Jazan"), kutongwa vehurumende, iyo Airbase Abu al-Duhur.

Assad akateterera rubatsiro kuna Russian, uye September 30, ndege Russian akatanga ushande vanodzima kwezvivako vanyatsoona nenjodzi. Pashure vhiki nokutorera aircraft Russian akatanga kuhwina guru-pamwero tsamwisa hondo muSiriya, umo mauto hurumende akatangazve kutonga pamusoro dzakawanda.

Vane divi Syrian Turkmens?

Maererano Associated Press, vamiririri vanhu vaiva pakati vokutanga kutsigira zvombo kumukira mutungamiri ano, pamwe rubatsiro uye rutsigiro Ankara.

Muna 2012, ivo Turkmens reSiriya rokusika hondo yake, rinosvika vanopfuura zviuru 10 vanhu. Muchiuto vari kutumirwa munzvimbo dzakawanda Iraq neSiriya. Varwi vari kurwa hondo President Assad uye IG mapoka. Kubva yakavimbika zvinozivikanwa kuti kushandisa vanodzima dzavo SWAT zvikwata vaiita varayiridzi pasimba-anorichengeta.

Turkmens Syrian uye Turkey

Pashure kutanga muAndiyoki hondo mamiriro ezvinhu vanhu munyika hwaderera. Aizviwana chiso nechiso zvakakomba vavengi: hondo Bashar al-Assad, ari okunyanyisa fundamentalists IG uye Kurdish mapoka. Ankara akaita anorichengeta. Syrian Turkmens uye Turkey - chii papi? Vamiririri norudzi urwu, achigara muSiriya uye Iraq, zvine chokuita nevanhu vaigara Turkey, izvo akabvuma kuvatsigira zvakazara mukutsinhana kuzvipira kutamira panogasa akanaka mitemo kwairi.

Zviri pachena kuti Ankara haisi chaizvo kufunga nezvematambudziko vanhu vaidzvinyirirwa muSiriya, sezvo zvivanakire - enyika uye zvoupfumi.

Tichibatsirwa yeTurkmen mauto pamuganhu kusika zvakakodzera counterweight kuti Kurdish kuzvidzivirira. Uyezve, havana kubatanidzwa kupa contraband kudyidzana pamwe IG. Vezvematongerwo enyika regai siya kuti Turkey anotsvaka kuve initiator pamusoro separatist pfungwa pakati Turkmen, pamwe nguva kuti zvinyorwe nhengo dzaro munyika weSiriya, nekwavanogara.

Positioning pacharo somunhu mudziviriri vanomanikidzwa vanhu, Ankara anofukidza kudzivirirwa zvido-vakaronga ake zviitiko.

nyaya reSiriya

Maererano yakavimbika, Turkey ave achishingaira muchirongwa dzinonzi nyaya reSiriya.

Mumwe mapurojekiti yacho "muvengi", akarongwa neZvapupu Ankara, muSiriya Turkmen. Nokuti uyo hondo, vamiririri yechitatu pakukura vanhu venyika? Sei vakanga munyaya womumwe mutambo? Chii chichaitika mune mutambo uyu oga?

Ankara akatanga kubatsira vedzinza achiri 90s, apo sangano yakawiriranwa rubatsiro akatambudza "Bayir-Bucak" akasikwa.

Muna 2011, akasikawo "The reSiriya Turkmen Movement", ane chinangwa - kudana vanhu kwazvakarerekera kuzorwa Assad.

Created nemahofisi akawanda mumaguta Turkey uye riri pamuganhu "zvikamu mutoro" wakasimba: pakamukirwa muna Aleppo tarisa Gazantipskogo muhofisi, vapanduki Latakia - kubva Yayladağı, vapanduki al-Raqqa - kubva Akdzhala.

Uyezve, "reSiriya Turkmen Democratic Movement" anodzora mabasa nokushorwa muSiriya. Pakati vakaronga zviyero sangano - nhau kusunungurwa mumutauro wadzo, pakasikwa redhiyo, zvikoro. Chinangwa kurovedzera ndiyo Turkization kuchamhembe reSiriya idzo mune ramangwana angarega zvinoda kuparadzana, kuzvionera uye kubatana kusvika pedyo nenyika, "ushamwari" kwavari nyika.

Turkmens eSiriya akasika hondo dzavo, nokushingaira pamwe zvikwata vapanduki. Pari zvino pane 14 paramilitary dzakabatana. Vakabatana mune "boka Turkmen gomo." Latakia Mauto akarayira Mohamed Awad muna Aleppo wemauto vapanduki ndiro Ali Basher.

Kunyange mapoka paramilitary muna 2012 mutsimba hurumende nemauto, ari Kurdish varwi uye LIH, muna August 2015 mutungamiri Mejlis kudiwa kumisa muSiriya Turkmen hondo mukuru akati. Mauto vanofanira kudzivirira vanhu kubva madzinza kuitwa nomuvengi, unovadzinga maguta nevakabva. Saka kugera muSiriya Turkmen Kurds mutaundi Tel Abyad kutiza vagari zviuru makumi maviri. Mauto Assad uye vakavadzinga kubva Homs, magakanje nemamwe maguta.

Kuwanda vanonzi mauto akanga akatsunga vanhu 5000. Sezvo chikamu kushorwa mapoka ikoko 1000. Ungangove, vaiva varwi Turkish inokosha masimba pamusoro nyaya anopamba.

Turkish gambit

Zvinofanira akati kuti zvinangwa vapanduki muSiriya uye Ankara anosiyana zvishoma.

Chekutanga, kushorwa haana kugamuchira Ankara kuti chirongwa nokuda federalization munyika. Aifarira njere masangano vane kufunga kuti kumawadhi avo vanosarudza "Siriya chete." Saka, nokuda neyokupedzisira, Ankara ashandiswe pakusikwa "reSiriya Turkmen Platform" panguva inaugural Musangano kuti vapanduki vakanga avimbiswa rutsigiro zvose. Vamwe vanamuzvinabhizimisi Turkish kare munyaya rokuvaka, uchitsanangura pacharo mberi mubasa zvematongerwo enyika munyika vakasunungurwa kubva Assad.

Chechipiri, mabasa IG, uyo akarwa Turkmen mapoka, Ankara inobatsira. Kutaura zvazviri, tora kurwisa ndege wokuRussia muna November 2015, Turkey vakatsigira IG. Maererano dzechokwadi, ayo paruzhinji mari uye masangano anopa nouchapupu rubatsiro kuna IG. Ankara monitors sokuronga zvinokosha nokuti atambanudza miganhu vanopfuura dzaifanoiswa ramafuta munzvimbo raitungamirwa IG kuna Turkey uye kubva ipapo kusvika kunyika IG vakatsigira dzaifanoiswa kwenhumbi zvinodiwa evadzimi, zvombo uye yunifomu.

Ankara unokosha chaizvo kudzora Turkmen kwevanhu uye kuramba ayo manzwiro Anti-hurumende.

Kutaura zvazviri, vanhu dzinoitwa mubatwa kune dzimwe kurwisa Ankara. In ayo pakunamata, akava nhengo ropa kunetsana.

Military runouya pamusoro reSiriya Turkmens kubudikidza Asada Hunoita Kurds uye IG kutungamirira kurasikirwa kukuru uye kuwedzera uwandu mupoteri pakati pavo. Ankara anewo mumamiriro ezvinhu mamwe mibayiro enyika.

Mussiruya runyerekupe pamusoro yaiurayiwa Turkmen vanhu, inoitiswa Assad dzavo, inonzi kupa ivhu rakaorera Alawite - yavo co-vezvitendero, Ankara anosimbisa basa rayo somunhu mudziviriri vaidzvinyirirwa hama vanhu. Saka, hurumende anoedza kutsvaga kutsigirwa vagari vayo vari kunetsana pamwe raitonga hurumende reSiriya.

muvengi A itsva, iyo akapiwa "chiedza" kudya vavakidzani reSiriya Turkmen - Russian. Uye regai kuita chinhu asi kundorwa naro.

Chii chakazoitika?

Maererano Reuters data, kubva pakutanga remapazi muSiriya (September 2015-ndipo) kubatsira kuna President Assad kusvikira inosuruvarisa rufu Russian mutyairi wendege (24 November), Russia wakabhombwa yeSiriya Turkmens 17 nguva. Maererano mumiririri Russian Defence Ushumiri, pedyo maguta Kesladshuk, Salma, Gmam, apo vakawanda chavagari ndivo vamiririri vanhu, kuramba nechigadziko mupanduki nemapoka vari kunetseka mutungamiri ano, uye tichibatsirwa mhepo rinopamura aigona kuparadza bunkers inochengetwa zvombo, murayiro namagwatidziro, chirimwa yakaitwa Shahid mabhandi.

Maererano venhau, mugumisiro Russian kubhomba aiva vakawanda vanhuwo zvavo, zviuru mhuri vakatizira kumuganhu.

November 24 Turkish Air Force pasi chokumupomera kuti kutyora muganhu akapfura pasi wokuRussia SU-24. Defense Ministry mutauriri akaramba kudarika. Bhomba akawira kubva naye makiromita mashoma pamusoro munharaunda weSiria. Pasi, pamwe nzvimbo Turkmen mapoka vezvikepe Russian catapulted akazarura moto. mukuru akaurayiwa, aidzidzisa akanunura. Somugumisiro muduri kurwisa neherikoputa Mi-8 akaurayiwa zvomumvura-Muvaki.

Zuva pashure pokunge zvaitika, purezidhendi Russian akati Ndege Russian kuitwa Latakia (nzvimbo wevasungwa zvikwata) mashandiro pamusoro IG.

The President Turkish akati kuti munharaunda inogarwa nevanhu chete runyararo, uye Ankara ane mutoro kuvadzivirira.

Sezvinotaurwa nezita venhau Western, pashure pokunge zvaitika, kuti kubhomba pamusoro muSiriya Turkmen Russian avhiyesheni awana hombe hunhu. Maererano zvapupu, imwe Kuwanda mhepo rinopamura haana kubva pakutanga hondo. Russian ndege mu Latakia akaparadza nzvimbo "Free reSiriya Army" uye dzimba vagari.

Military akavhiyiwa dzakamanikidzwa kusiya misha yavo kuti vanopfuura zviuru zvinomwe vanhu. Maererano Anadolu Agency, vachitsvaka nzvimbo zvikuru rugare mumazuva okupedzisira November gore rakapera, anopfuura zviuru zviviri vamiririri vanhu vakatizira nyika anorichengeta kumaodzanyemba.